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Midwestern farms suffocating Gulf of Mexico ecosystems

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2009 satellite image of the Gulf of Mexico, where the Hypoxic Zone occurs. Image: Jeff Schmaltz, NASA Earth Observatory
By Lillian Young
Fertilizer runoff from seasonal heavy rainfall on Midwestern farms is traveling down the Mississippi River and creating a “hypoxic zone,” or low oxygen zone in the Gulf of Mexico, a recent study by Iowa State University scientists warns. The damage threatens the natural life and environment in the area, it says.
The Great Lakes face a similar threat from nitrogen runoff.
The scientists used computer modeling methods to see how much nitrogen from Midwestern farming fertilizers makes its way into ecosystems. The results showed that significant runoff goes as far south as the Gulf, where it contributes heavily to the hypoxic zone. ....

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From lakes to shores, microplastics are spreading everywhere

By Lillian Young
Microplastic particles, typically studied as aquatic pollutants, are also common in coastal dunes on Great Lakes’ shorelines, according to a new study in the Journal of Great Lakes Research.
The situation is worse than researchers originally expected. Based on findings from the eastern shore of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, microplastic pollution is frequently transported from shore to coastal land.
What does that mean for the coastal ecosystems?
Nothing good, the study suggested, highlighting that microplastics can obstruct animals’ digestive tracts and absorb, then trap, toxic chemicals.
The transfer of microplastics from lake to shore occurs because they’re generally less dense than water, the study said. This trait allows winds to move them easily to the shore. ....

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