Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, December 31, 2023
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Nicole Wolkov, Christina Harward, Karolina Hird, Riley Bailey, and Frederick W. Kagan
December 31, 2023, 5:10pm ET
Note: ISW and CTP will not publish a campaign
Russian forces conducted a series of Shahed 131 and 136 drone strikes across Ukraine on July 11, likely in a demonstrative response to the 2023 NATO Summit in Vilnius and to threaten the Black Sea grain deal. The Ukrainian General Staff reported that