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The Wikimedia Foundation argued for the yearslong dispute over surveillance of international communications to be decided on its merits, but the appeals court hearing centered on whether the nonprofit has standing to bring its case.
This 2013 photo shows the sign outside the National Security Agency campus in Fort Meade, Md. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky, File)
RICHMOND, Va. (CN) The Fourth Circuit had tough questions for both the government and the Wikimedia Foundation on Friday as the organization asked the court to look past standing issues in its challenge to the National Security Agency’s use of a controversial online surveillance program.
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals building in Richmond, Va. (Photo via Acroterion/Wikimedia)
(CN) A Fourth Circuit panel heard arguments Thursday over whether a former Air Force officer’s use of a racial slur toward a Black store clerk fell within the “fighting words” exception to free speech protection.
Lieutenant Colonel Jules Bartow was convicted under Virginia’s abusive language statute for posing a series of rhetorical questions that included a racial slur to a sales associate at the Marine Corps Exchange store in Quantico.
His counsel on Thursday pressed a three-judge-panel of the Richmond-based appeals court to overturn a federal judge’s denial of his motion for acquittal last year after a bench trial. The lower court judge held that Bartow’s speech was not protected under the First Amendment because he had used “fighting words.”