The CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) 2010 statement is the standard guideline for reporting completed randomised trials. The CONSORT Dose-finding Extension (DEFINE) extends the guidance (with 21 new items and 19 modified items) to early phase dose-finding trials with interim dose escalation or de-escalation strategies. Such trials generally focus on safety, tolerability, activity, and recommending dosing and scheduling regimens for further clinical development. These trials are often inadequately reported, hampering their informativeness and making evidence informed decisions difficult. The CONSORT-DEFINE guidance aims to develop an international, consensus driven guideline for reporting early phase dose-finding trials to promote transparency, completeness, reproducibility, and facilitate the interpretation of the results. The CONSORT-DEFINE guidance provides recommendations for essential items that should be reported in early phase dose-finding trials to promote gr
SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 provides guidance for clinical trial protocol writing. However, neither the original guidance nor its extensions adequately cover the features of early phase dose-finding trials. The SPIRIT Dose-finding Extension (DEFINE) statement is a new guideline that provides recommendations for essential items that should be provided in the protocols of these trials. It details extensions to the SPIRIT 2013 guidance, incorporating 17 new items and modifying 15 existing items. The purpose of this guideline is to promote transparency, completeness, reproducibility of methods, and interpretation of early phase dose-finding trial protocols. It is envisioned that the resulting improvements in the design and conduct of early phase clinical trials will ultimately reduce research inefficiencies and inconsistencies, driving transformational advances in clinical care.
Developing an intervention is a lengthy process pursued in
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