Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK thelancet.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from thelancet.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite
enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions
between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment
and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune
attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes
show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.
Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are the most frequent chronic autoimmune diseases worldwide. Several autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders tend to occur together. T1D and AITD often cluster in individuals and families, seen in the formation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP). The close relationship between these two diseases is largely explained by sharing a common genetic background. The HLA antigens DQ2 (
DQA1 0501-DQB1 0201) and DQ8 (
DQA1 0301-DQB1 0302), tightly linked with DR3 and DR4, are the major common genetic predisposition. Moreover, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (or rare variants) of various genes, such as the