Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop in the world that forms root nodules with diverse rhizobia. Aiming to learning the rhizobial communities associated with common bean in the black soil of Northeast China, 79 rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of two host varieties (Cuican and Jiadouwang) grown in two sites of blackland, and were characterized by comparative sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, recA, atpD, nodC, nifH genes and whole genome. As results, Rhizobium indigoferae, R. anhuiense and R. croatiense as minor groups and three dominant novel Rhizobium species were identified based on their ANI and DDH values to the type strains of relative species. This community composition of rhizobia associated with common bean in the tested black soils was unique. Despite their different species affiliation, all of them were identified into the symbiovar phaseoli according to the phylogenies of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH). While the discrepancies found in nodC and nifH