By Walle Engedayehu, Ph.D. Professor of Political Science and Associate Dean Prairie View A&M University Introduction The Horn of Africa is becoming increasingly the epicenter of multi-power competition for sphere of influence, involving both established world powers and even emerging global powers that are positioned closest to the region. In its current state, therefore, this
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Eritrea joined the community of free nations in 1991 after a long war of liberation. The EPLF, which led the struggle for independence, inherited poor infrastructure and a crippled economy. But it was able to transform itself from a revolutionary movement to a government to govern the war-torn country. As it did in the armed struggle, the EPLF as a government also demonstrated its ability to unite the people around a single purpose.
Besides the wide participation of the people in the struggle, the unity and commitment of the people of Eritrea on national matters was demonstrated in the referendum, with 99.8% votes in favor of independence. The main political concern of the time was not just the declaration of an independent country, but how to turn Eritrea into a viable nation that is harmonious, prosperous, and peaceful.