Numerous studies, including two separate analyses by The Heritage Foundation, have concluded that federal workers do receive a substantial wage premium. Most of these studies have used the cross-sectional human capital method, which compares federal workers to private workers who have the same skills. The cross-sectional method is not perfect, however, and supplemental analyses can be useful in confirming its results. Rather than comparing workers at a single point in time, this report follows individual workers as they switch between the federal and private sectors. It finds that workers who change jobs receive a substantially larger raise when they switch into federal employment rather than into another private job. This result corroborates the findings of the cross-sectional studies, providing further evidence that federal workers enjoy a wage premium.
Focusing on the components of both solar photovoltaic technology and wind energy technology and using the gravity model approach with panel data, this study empirically investigated the determinants of bilateral trade in renewable energy goods among ASEAN countries as well as with China, Japan, and South Korea for the period 2012–2019, and also identified China’s export efficiency and export potential. The results showed that the economic sizes of both the exporting and importing countries, the economic freedom of the exporter, and trade agreements and membership of common trade areas significantly encouraged bilateral trade, while geographical distance exerted a significantly negative influence. In general, it was found that China had great potential to export renewable energy goods. We propose that the ASEAN Plus Three region needs to formulate and implement a comprehensive and carefully coordinated renewable energy policy package. We also suggest that China should promote joint
Research proved the significance of forests in controlling carbon emission however, our research shed light on the management of existing forests to combat climate change. To examine the role of forestation and forest investment activities, dynamic spatial techniques are used for 30 provinces of China. The results suggest that forest investment and management not only reduce carbon locally but also in neighboring provinces. Furthermore, the findings of current study confirmed that forest investment are the most viable practices to control carbon emission in China instead of just increasing the forest area. Reforms regarding the management of forests would be a good policy for pollution reduction along with the employment generation side by side.
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between social media use and emotional and behavioural outcomes in adolescence using data from a large and detailed longitudinal study of teenagers from the UK. We use individual fixed effects, propensity score matching and treatment effects with Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment, controlling for a rich set of children s and family s characteristics and using comprehensive sensitivity analyses and tests to assess the potential role of unobserved variables. Our results show that prolonged use of social media (more than 4 hours per day) is significantly associated with poor emotional health and increased behavioural difficulties, and in particular decreased perception of self-value and increased incidence of hyperactivity, inattention and conduct problems. However, limited use of social media (less than 3 h per day) compared to no use has some moderate association with positive peer relationships.