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Stone artifacts are critical for investigating the evolution of hominin behavior they are among our only proxies for hominin behavior in deep time. Hominin cognition and skill are often inferred by reconstructing the technical decisions hominins made throughout the knapping process. However, despite many advancements in understanding how hominins knapped, some of the key factors involved in past flake production cannot be easily/readily derived from stone artifacts. In particular, the angle at which the knapper strikes the hammer against the core to remove the flake, or the angle of blow, is a key component of the knapping process that has up to now remained unmeasurable on archeological assemblages. In this study, we introduce a new method for estimating the angle of blow from the ventral surface of flakes. This method was derived from a controlled experiment that explicitly connects fracture mechanics to flake variability. We find that a feature of the flake’s bulb of percussion, w

Angle of blowBulb angleExperimental archeologyFracture mechanicsNapping actions