While Paris and Berlin continue to support Ukraine, their mixed signals toward Russia have unnerved some European partners as well as Kyiv. This ambivalence could puncture EU unity.
The pandemic has accelerated EU efforts to build up resilience, but more must be done. Boosting preparedness for future crises requires greater trust between governments and better engagement of citizens.
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Most Western assistance to Ukraine, including weapons and training, has come from individual NATO member states. But without the alliance, this support would be less coordinated and not as substantial.