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Gas falling towards the center of a galaxy is a major driver of new star formation and the growth of supermassive black holes. Most of this gas is hydrogen, but it also includes more complex molecules, particularly water. However, astronomers have many questions about the details of how the inflow translates to star formation, some of which have now been answered by using telescopes that can see in the infrared to detect the spectral lines from water and other molecules. ESO 320-G030 is a “starburst galaxy” emitting around a hundred times as much energy as the Milky Way, and forming stars 18 times as fast. This is driven by the inflow of gas, but efforts to observe the connection have been hindered by dust blocking light from around the galactic center at optical wavelengths just as we struggle to see into the core of our own galaxy. ....