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Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Water Conservation Implications Based on Tempo-Spatial Characteristics of Water Footprint in the Water-Receiving Areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China

In order to continuously promote water conservation efforts to alleviate the pressure of water diversion, water footprint (WF) is used as an effective tool to measure water utilization in the water-receiving areas of the Middle Route and Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). The tempo-spatial variations of WF and spatial equilibrium of water footprint intensity (WFI) in the study area are quantified using the Mann–Kandle trend test, Sen’s slope, and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method for the years of 2005–2020. The results show that WF has a significant decreasing trend (Sen’s slop < 0, significant level < 0.05) in 17 cities in the study area, whereas WF shows a significant increasing trend (Sen’s slop > 0, significant level < 0.05) in 10 cities. Cities in the water-receiving areas are categorized into three types based on the contribution of the water utilization sector to changes in WF as follows: agric ....

North China Plain , China General , Dagum Gini , Water Conservancy Bureau , United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Sdgs , Northern China , South To North Water Diversion Project , Eastern Route , Middle Route , Western Route , United Nations Sustainable Development Goals , Northeastern China , Yellow River Basin , Gross Domestic Product , Jiangsu Province , Anhui Province , Water Resources Bulletin , Statistical Yearbooks , Temporal Variation , Beach Sector , Water Footprint , Spatial Equilibrium , Henan Province , Shandong Province , Spatial Variations , Water Receiving Areas ,