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Credit: Figure provided by Jennifer J. Lee and Janice McCabe.
Men speak 1.6 times more often than women in college classrooms, revealing how gender inequities regarding classroom participation still exist, according to a Dartmouth study. By comparison, women are more hesitant to speak and are more apt to use apologetic language. The findings are published in
When students didn t have to raise their hands to participate in class, men spoke three times more often than women. You would think that it would be more equitable for students to not have to raise their hands to speak in class because then anyone could talk but our results showed otherwise. The higher level of participation relates to the idea of who may have felt like they were entitled to speak or had permission to do so, explains Janice McCabe, an associate professor of sociology at Dartmouth College. Once you take away the structure of a professor calling on students, you see more of the cultural expectations ....

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