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Fake science in fraudulent papers is on the rise

Fake scientific papers are being published in journals and spreading misinformation

Guidance on terminology, application, and reporting of citation searching: the TARCiS statement

'Trust the science'? 10,000 fake scientific papers in 2023 throw research credibility into crisis - The Guardian

'The situation has become appalling': fake scientific papers push research credibility to crisis point | Peer review and scientific publishing

Last year, 10,000 sham papers had to be retracted by academic journals, but experts think this is just the tip of the iceberg

Effectiveness of conservative management versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the prevention of recurrent symptoms and complications in adults with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease (C-GALL trial): pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled…

Objective To assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of conservative management compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the prevention of symptoms and complications in adults with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease. Design Parallel group, pragmatic randomised, superiority trial. Setting 20 secondary care centres in the UK. Participants 434 adults (>18 years) with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease referred to secondary care, assessed for eligibility between August 2016 and November 2019, and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive conservative management or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Interventions Conservative management or surgical removal of the gallbladder. Main outcome measures The primary patient outcome was quality of life, measured by area under the curve, over 18 months using the short form 36 (SF-36) bodily pain domain, with higher scores (range 0-100) indicating better quality of life. Other outcomes included costs to the NHS, quality adjuste