Climate change, pest infestation, and soil degradation are significantly reducing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Wheat is cultivated in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems and escalating global population is exerting substantial pressure on the efficiency of these systems. Conservation tillage and crop rotation could help in lowering soil degradation and pest infestation, and improving wheat yield. This three-year study evaluated soil properties, weed infestation and wheat yield under various tillage and cropping systems. Six different cropping systems, i.e., cotton-wheat, sorghum-wheat, mungbean-wheat, rice-wheat, sunflower-wheat, and fallow-wheat (control) and three tillage systems, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), zero-tillage (ZT) and minimum tillage (MT) were included in the study. The individual and interactive effects of tillage and cropping systems significantly affected soil properties, weed infestation and yield of wheat crop. Overall, CT resulted in lower soil
E-Learning System Use During Emergency: An Empirical Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Faculty of Education, Education Technology Department, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
The pandemic of COVID-19 quickly led to the closure of universities and colleges around the world, hoping that the guidance of social distancing from public health authorities will help flatten the curve of infection and minimize the overall fatalities from the epidemic. The e-learning framework, however, is the best solution to enable students to learn about the quality of education. The aim of this research was to examine variables reflecting the actual use of the e-learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students. The perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are positively correlated with facilitating condition, perceived control, and self-efficacy, which in turn influences students’ attitude toward use, which in turn affects the actual use of the e-learning system