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A possible direct exposure of the Earth to the cold dense interstellar medium 2–3 Myr ago

Cold, dense clouds in the interstellar medium of our Galaxy are 4–5 orders of magnitude denser than their diffuse counterparts. Our Solar System has most likely encountered at least one of these dense clouds during its lifetime. However, evidence for such an encounter has not been studied in detail yet. Here we derive the velocity field of the Local Ribbon of Cold Clouds (LRCC) by modelling the 21 cm data from the HI4PI survey, finding that the Solar System may have passed through the LRCC in the constellation Lynx 2–3 million years ago. Using a state-of-the-art simulation of the heliosphere, we show that during the passage, the heliosphere shrinks to a scale of 0.22 au, smaller than the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. This would have put the Earth in direct contact with the dense interstellar medium for a period of time and exposed it to a neutral hydrogen density above 3,000 cm−3. Such a scenario agrees with geological evidence from 60Fe

ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission: Payload detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections

India s Aditya-L1 solar mission s payload, the Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA), has successfully detected the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), according to ISRO. The PAPA sensors have been able to measure solar wind electrons and ions, as well as the direction of arrival of solar wind particles. The data collected by PAPA revealed the occurrence of CME events on December 15, 2023, and during February 10-11, 2024.

Payload aboard Aditya-L1 mission detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections

PAPA payload aboard Aditya-L1 detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections, says ISRO

Aditya-L1 | ISRO says payload aboard Aditya-L1 mission detects solar wind impact of Coronal Mass Ejections

The payload Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA) is an energy and mass analyser designed for in-situ measurements of solar wind electrons and ions in the low energy range