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Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study

Objective To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes.

Design Population based cohort study.

Setting Contiguous US.

Participants 59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5 predictions were linked to each participant’s residential zip code as proxy exposure measurements.

Main outcome measures Risk of the first hospital admission during follow-up for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, or a composite of these CVD subtypes. A causal framework robust against confounding bias and bias arising from errors in exposure measurements was developed for exposure-response estimations.

Results Three year average PM2.5 exposure was associa ....

United States , Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi , Edgar Castro , Yijing Feng , Joeld Schwartz , Alexandra Shtein , Xinye Qiu , Adjania Peralta , Francesca Dominici , Yaguang Wei , National Ambient Air Quality Standards , Society For Epidemiologic Research , American Association Of Retired Persons , International Society For Environmental Epidemiology , Centers For Medicare , Us Environmental Protection Agency , Alfredp Sloan Foundation , World Health Organization , Medicaid Services , National Institutes Of Health , Association Of Mature American Citizens , Danesh Yazdi , Protection Agency , Public Health , National Institutes , American Association ,

Chronic exposure to air pollution may increas

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<li>Chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollutants (PM2.5) may increase seniors&rsquo; risk of cardiovascular hospitalization, with disproportionate impacts on residents of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods.</li>
<li>The findings suggest that to protect heart health, there is no safe threshold for chronic PM2.5 exposure, and that the EPA&rsquo;s newly updated standard for the U.S.&rsquo;s annual average PM2.5 level isn&rsquo;t low enough to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease or protect public health overall.</li>
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United States , Alexandra Shtein , Yaguang Wei , Adjani Peralta , Francesca Dominici , Adjania Peralta , Xinye Qiu , Yijing Feng , Joel Schwartz , Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi , Joeld Schwartz , Harvard Chan , Edgar Castro , Department Of Environmental Health , Alfredp Sloan Foundation , National Ambient Air Quality Standards , Harvard Chan School , National Institutes Of Health , World Health Organization On Feb , Environmental Protection Agency , Method Of Research , School Of Health Officers , World Health Organization , Brent Coull , National Institutes , Kanhua Yin ,