Mass forced evictions are also often linked to climate and environmental harms. In Lahore, the state has forcibly acquired tens of thousands of acres of farmland and replaced it with concrete structures, which exacerbate soil erosion and flooding, and magnify extreme heat. In 2020, after torrential rains caused widespread urban flooding in Karachi, municipal authorities blamed informal settlements for blocking stormwater channels, and demolished thousands of homes ostensibly to prevent future