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The first draft of the human genome was published 20 years ago in 2001, took nearly three years and cost between US$500 million and $1 billion. The Human Genome Project has allowed scientists to read, almost end to end, the 3 billion pairs of DNA bases – or “letters” – that biologically define a human being. The first complete genome was generated from a handful of anonymous donors to try to produce a reference genome that represented more than just one single individual. But this fell far short of encompassing the wide diversity of human populations in the world. No two people are the same and no two genomes are the same, either. If researchers wanted to understand humanity in all its diversity, it would take sequencing thousands or millions of complete genomes. Now, a project like that is underway.

Ashkenazi jewsNational cancer instituteNational institutes of healthJon feingersh photography inc digital visionHuman genome projectJon feingersh photographyDigital visionGenome aggregation consortiaNational institutesBig dataGenetic diseasesGenetic variationHuman genome projectHuman genomeதேசிய புற்றுநோய் நிறுவனம்தேசிய நிறுவனங்கள் ஆஃப் ஆரோக்கியம்