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The role and ancestry of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycan shield The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein is a class I fusion glycoprotein responsible for interacting with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the surface of human cells, enabling cell entry. It is the primary target of both natural and vaccine-acquired neutralizing antibodies. The spike protein is coated in a thick glycan shield that plays a role in target site recognition, towards both the ACE2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies, and in conformational stability, modulating the state of the spike protein between closed and open forms and granting stability to the open prefusion form, which affords enhanced affinity towards the ACE2 receptor by presenting the receptor-binding domain. ....
Lung microbiome predicts COVID-19 disease severity A new preprint research paper posted to the medRxiv server found changes to the lung microbiome during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influence COVID-19 disease severity. Led by Ronald G. Collman from the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, they suggest a wide diversity in the microbiome is associated with less severe illness and the need for hospitalization. Differences in the microbiome were observed in intubated patients who showed a higher prevalence for Staphylococcus. Greater amounts of The researchers write: “We report profound dysbiosis of the respiratory tract bacterial and viral microbiome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which differs from that of non-COVID patients, exhibits accelerated destabilization over time, and associates with disease severity and systemic immune profiles. ....
A new study has been published on the medRxiv preprint server, which focuses on the development of a dual-antigen COVID-19' T cell' vaccine. This vaccine is developed based on the expression of both S protein and nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2, using a next-generation human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) platform. ....
Tapeworm infection drug blocks SARS-CoV-2 damage in the lungs Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces various health complications all over the body. New research published in the journal Nature found the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs resulted in abnormal pneumocytes and spike protein-mediated cell fusion. Their findings also showed that TMEM16F protein activation induces cell fusion. Therefore, drugs inhibiting the TMEM16F/Anoctamin6 calcium-activated ion channel, such as niclosamide - a medication used to treat tapeworm infestations - could serve as potential treatments for reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection. The researchers write: “Niclosamide has already been reported to be active against various enveloped and non enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Although this drug has relatively low solubility, there is evidence of considerable absorption, with serum levels that can reach 1-20 µM. Together, ou ....
Mutations from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have created multiple variants. Some variants, such as those found in South Africa and Brazil, have caused concern for their potential to evade the immune response. While vaccination efforts are underway, the world is racing against the viruses’ ability to evolve under selective pressure. ....