>> stahl: wow. >> we moved immediately to repair the pipe, and also began cleaning the river. >> stahl: that's the ceo of the biggest utility company in the country, duke energy, talking about a huge spill of coal ash into the dan river. these canyons and ridges are what was left after a drainage pipe collapsed and a storage basin emptied. now, duke's problem is what to do with 100 million tons of old coal ash stored at sites all over north carolina. >> we're almost there. almost there. >> cooper: meet chaser-- she may be the smartest dog in the world. >> chicken, chicken. where is chicken? yeah. good girl, good girl. >> cooper: researchers say she has a vocabulary of more than a thousand words, and knows the difference between nouns and verbs. what is science learning from man's best friend? >> that's good. >> cooper: you'll be surprised. >> when dogs and humans make eye contact, that that actually releases what's known as the "love hormone," oxytocin. >> thank you very much. >> when dogs are actually looking at you, they're essentially hugging you with their eyes. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes". but did you know we also support hospitals using electronic health records for more than 30 million patients? or that our software helps over 20 million smartphone users remotely configure e-mail every month? or how about processing nearly $5 billion in electronic toll payments a year? in fact, today's xerox is working in surprising ways to help companies simplify the way work gets done and life gets lived. with xerox, you're ready for reusal biness. my name is jude, and this is my aha moment. we approached a man that was obviously beaten down by the years and could use a little help. and i said, 'is there anythi cng ian give you?' and he said, 'i'll take a handshake.' it stopped me in my tracks. it made me reevaluate everything. treating this man with respect first was more important to him than charity or pity. i think that's huge - to be considerate. that's what it's about." mutual of omaha. insure your possibilities. insurance. retirement. banking. investments. ♪ to you, they're more than just a pet. so protect them... ...with k9 advantix® ii. it's broad-spectrum protection k ills fleas ticks and mosquitoes too. k9 advantix® ii. for the love of dog™. i like my seafood like i like my vacations: tropical. and during red lobster's island escape, three new tropical dishes take me straight to the islands. so i'm diving fork-first into the lobster and shrimp in paradise, with panko-crusted lobster tail and jumbo shrimp in captain morgan barbecue glaze. or the ultimate island seafood feast, with tender crab wood-grilled lobster and two island-inspired flavors of jumbo shrimp. because a summer without tropical flavors might as well be winter. this escape is too good to miss so...don't. [narration throughout] i started my camry. ran a race most wouldn't dream of starting. chose to take down a monster. and realized when it's dark enough... ...you can see the stars. one bold choice leads to another. toyota. lets go places. mmm yoplait! it's snack time! oh, look! yoplait original now has 25% less sugar. it tastes good! yoplait! & >> pelley: tonight, cbs news correspondent clarissa ward on assignment for "60 minutes." >> ward: one of the most shocking things about the rise of isis in iraq and syria has been the thousands of westerners who have given up everything to travel to a bloody battlefield far from home and live under strict islamic sharia law. but to understand the mentality of these jihadis, you don't need to travel to the middle east. across the west, isis has a committed support base that is actively recruiting young muslims. back in october, we sought out a man at the heart of that movement, a british preacher who sees no border between the streets of london and the frontlines of the middle east. talking to him and his followers gives you a window into a world you may find disturbing and difficult to understand. there are at least 500 u.k. citizens fighting in syria and iraq. every week, according to british police, another five recruits join the fight. british jihadis have been on the front lines with isis from the very beginning. in the group's recent videos showing the executions of western hostages, the masked man holding the knife speaks with a london accent. >> we'll only drag you and your people into another bloody and unwinnable war. >> ward: the spike in western fighters may be, in part, due to this man, anjem choudary, a british-born lawyer turned islamic preacher who lives in london and has for years been asserting his democratic right to call for an end to democracy. >> anjem choudary: down, down democracy. >> down, down democracy. i believe that islam is superior and will not be surpassed. so i believe that the law of god is much superior to manmade law. >> ward: so, in that sense, you believe that islam and democracy are mutually exclusive, that they can't exist side-by-side >> choudary: allah is the only one to legislate. so, obviously, in that sense it's completely diametrically opposed. you cannot have man legislating and playing god in parliament, and at the same time, believe that allah is the only legislator. >> ward: you have the freedom to come here today. you have the freedom to speak on television, to worship whichever god you please. but you're advocating a system that essentially would take away all of those freedoms. >> choudary: allah created my tongue to speak. here, because allah created my feet to walk. so i walk, and i speak, and i look, and i hear, according to what god says. >> ward: choudary has been accused of inspiring hundreds of muslims from across the west to join isis. we went to a meeting he held in an east london basement. on the wall was a large picture of buckingham palace turned into a mosque. he described the newly formed islamic state in iraq and syria as a kind of utopia. talking about jihad, he sounded at times like a coach giving a pep talk before the big game. >> choudary: when the heavens are with you, when the earth is with you, when the sea is with you, when the wind is with you who's going to defeat you after that?! nobody. >> ward: choudary has fronted a series of organizations that have been banned by the british government under the country's anti-terror laws, but he denies that he actively recruits fighters. >> choudary: you know, the... the messenger mohammed, he said, "fight them with your wealth with your body, with your tongue." so, i'm engaged here, if you like, in a verbal jihad. >> ward: but what you're actually doing, essentially, is inspiring young men to go and fight in these countries, while you stay here and enjoy a comfortable life in the united kingdom. >> choudary: no, i mean, this is... this is a kind of a... the rhetoric that the western media come out with. but, i mean, there are no examples of anyone, in fact, who is in any of the battlefronts, who actually say, "well, actually, mr. choudary asked me to come here," or "he bought my ticket," you know. if... if it were the case... >> ward: they wouldn't say that you bought their ticket... >> choudary: well, no, if it were the case... >> ward: ...but they might say that you inspired them with your message. >> choudary: there... there was a report out recently which said that i... i inspired 500 people, in fact, to carry out operations here and abroad. and if that were really the case, don't you think that i'd be arrested and i'll be sitting in prison? >> ward: so, if a young man, one of your students, comes to you and says, "should i go and fight in syria or iraq," what would you tell them? >> choudary: well, they haven't come to me. and if they come to me, i'll think about a suitable response, but i... i'm engaged... >> ward: what would you tell them? >> choudary: i don't deal with hypotheticals. >> ward: it's a hypothetical question. >> choudary: i don't deal with hypotheticals; i deal with reality. you know, i mean, there are many things that could happen hypothetically. young men come to me... >> ward: why won't you answer the question? >> choudary: because it's a... >> ward: it really should be an easy question. >> choudary: i... i like... i like to deal with reality. if that happens, you can have another interview with me and i'll deal with it. >> ward: but one week after our interview, choudary was arrested "on suspicion of being a member of a proscribed or banned organization, and encouraging terrorism." also rounded up in the raids was one of his young followers, abu rumaysah. >> abu rumaysah: we want islam. we want islam to dominate the world. >> ward: talking to rumaysah you come face to face with a version of islam that wipes out every other aspect of a person's identity. he is a convert from hinduism, but his new beliefs bar even the most basic human feelings towards his mother and other family members who didn't convert. >> rumaysah: i don't love them as non-muslims, but i desire for them to become muslim and embrace islam. >> ward: but you love her as your mother. >> rumaysah: she's my mother and she has rights over me, so i have to take care of her, i have to look after her. i have to make sure that, you know, she's protected and secure, so i... i fulfill my obligations like that. >> ward: but do you feel love for her? >> rumaysah: it's not allowed for me to love non-muslims, so that's something that is a matter of faith. >> ward: so, do you feel that you are british? >> rumaysah: i identify myself as muslim. if i... if i was born in a stable, you know, i'm not going to be a horse. if i'm was born in nazi germany, i'm not going to be a nazi. i mean, this is just an island i was born in. >> ward: rumaysah and choudary both live in east london, which is home to one of the largest muslim populations in the u.k. in one part of town, rumaysah and his associates have set up so-called sharia patrols, to go out and discourage behavior that they deem un-islamic. on this night, they stopped to talk to a couple of non-muslim men who were in a park drinking beer, which is forbidden under islam. >> so, we're just reminding, anyway, reminding the community about staying safe, and in... >> okay. >> ...this area, there's a lot of gambling that goes on. >> okay. >> a lot of alcohol drinking and it leads to a lot of problems. so we advise you and we advise anyone we see to stay away from these things. >> ward: but the patrols are not always so friendly. online clips give a very different picture. a woman in a short skirt is abused. >> we don't respect people who disobey god. >> but this is great britain. >> it's not so great britain. >> ward: a man the patrol thinks is gay is insulted. >> get out of here. you're dirty, mate. you're gay. >> ward: walking through london with rumaysah, you experience an alternate reality where there is no compromise and all conversations are one-sided. >> rumaysah: ultimately, i want to see every single woman in this country covered from head to toe. i want to the see the hand of the thief cut. i want to see adulterers stoned to death. i want to see sharia law in europe. and i want to see it in america, as well. i believe our patrols are a means to an end. >> ward: the only thing i would say is that, in america and in the united kingdom, we have a system, democracy... >> rumaysah: a backwards one. >> ward: but it's a system... >> rumaysah: a barbaric one. >> ward: ...that allows the people to choose what they want and allows people freedom. >> rumaysah: so why can't i choose sharia? when in rome, overthrow caesar and commit to sharia... >> ward: act... in your home you can do whatever you want. >> rumaysah: but what about in the public? why can't i tell you to cover up? am i free to say that? >> ward: because it would be outrageous. of course, you're not... >> rumaysah: so where's my freedom? where's my freedom? >> ward: you can say it to me, but you... >> rumaysah: okay, so cover up. wear the hijab. >> ward: that's absurd! the thought of choudary's supporters taking the law into their own hands is deeply frightening to most british people. this is a group that believes the west is at war with islam, and that the invasions of iraq and afghanistan justify any kind of violence in response. the most shocking example of that logic was the gruesome and very public murder of british soldier lee rigby on a london street in 2013. >> we have killed this man today because muslims are dying daily by british soldiers. >> ward: on that day, the man wielding the knife was a known associate of choudary. choudary has refused to condemn rigby's murder, nor will he criticize isis for the beheading of american journalist james foley and other western hostages. >> choudary: you know, i don't know the details about james foley, but... >> ward: i know the details. let me educate you, because he was a friend of mine. >> choudary: i don't believe you. i'm sorry, i don't believe you. >> ward: you don't believe me that james foley was a journalist? >> choudary: i don't believe... no, no, i don't believe any western journalists, quite frankly. i believe you're liars until proven otherwise. but let me tell you something-- the perspective of the muslims of journalists, whether that be james foley and others, is that they are the propaganda for the western regimes. >> ward: have you formed an opinion for yourself? >> choudary: i form my opinion on the basis of what the muslims say, not on the basis of what you say. >> ward: i'm sensing a double standard here, because essentially, you're very quick to condemn acts of violence by the west, but you refuse to condemn any act of violence by your fellow muslims. >> choudary: no, i believe that the... there's a difference between the oppressor and oppressed. >> ward: britain's authorities have struggled with how to handle extremists like choudary and his followers. he has been arrested multiple times, but never convicted of anything more than staging an illegal demonstration. and now, the police face a new challenge that is nearly impossible to manage-- the spread of islamic extremism through slickly produced online propaganda films from real fighters in real battlefields. >> we will chop off the heads of the americans, chop off the heads of the french, chop off the heads of whoever you may bring. >> ward: those videos have proven wildly attractive to thousands of young people who feel alienated from the western societies they live in. for them, jihad offers the promise of power and glory. sir peter fahy is in charge of a government program called "prevent," set up to combat the radicalization of british muslims. >> peter fahy: i think the big concern about the current situation is just a huge amount of material which is available on social media, in the various publications, and the various videos that i think a lot of us are... are struggling to come to terms with and get a good picture of. >> ward: so, in a sense, it's less about preachers radicalizing young men, and it's more young fighters radicalizing other young fighters from the battlefield using social media as their recruitment platform. >> fahy: i think you're absolutely right. that is my concern is that what has changed, again, over recent months is that you have got local people identifiable as real people. you've got, you know, a person who's identifiably british who's gone out there, and is absolutely using social media to be able to communicate directly into your son or daughter's bedroom and to encourage them to come out. and i think that is extremely worrying as a new development. as i say, i think a lot of families and a lot of parents, including obviously muslim parents, are very concerned about that. >> ward: "bedroom jihad," they're calling it. >> fahy: absolutely. it is... it's almost that personal contact which is the worrying aspect. but, you know, we... we need to be aware of all different forms of brainwashing and radicalization. >> ward: if their parents can't stop it, what can you do to stop it? >> fahy: well, all we can do is raise awareness, but you're absolutely right. and we constantly agonize about whether this is a job for the police or not. >> ward: britain's mainstream muslim leaders are speaking out against isis and have discouraged young men in their communities from joining the fight. but the ongoing u.s.-led military campaign in syria and iraq has stoked anger and raised fears of terrorist retaliation attacks in the west. do you believe that there will be more attacks in the west? >> choudary: yes. i believe it's inevitable. >> ward: if you believe that would you ever use your role as a british citizen, and as a muslim, to actively dissuade people from launching attacks here in the u.k., in the u.s., in the west? >> choudary: well, i think we need to deal with the root causes. i think it's... it's really absurd to say, "well, why shouldn't people react?" the fact is if we don't deal with the root cause, which is the occupation of the muslim land, which is the torture of muslims, which is the foreign policy of governments like britain and america, that you will never be able to stop people. >> ward: so, just so i understand, you will continue to refuse to condemn acts of terror? >> choudary: well, as i say, you know, i'm not in the game of condemnation or condoning. >> ward: it's really just a yes- or-no question. >> choudary: well, i don't want to answer you with a yes or no answer. >> ward: it's not yet known whether choudary will ever have to give straight answers in a courtroom. his bail has been extended through august, but so far, no charges have been filed. in the weeks after our story first aired, we found out that abu rumaysah, the young convert from hinduism, skipped bail and fled the u.k. for syria. he is now living with his wife and children in isis territory. >> cbs money watch update brought to you in part by: >> glor: good evening. the fed meets tuesday to discuss a possible interest rate increase. saudi arabia's $590 billion stock market opens to foreign investors for the first time tomorrow. and virtual reality headsets are expected to be the star at this weekle's ectronic entertainment expo in los angeles. i'm jeff glor, cbs news. the pursuit of heaerlthi. it begins from the second we're born. after all, healthier doesn't happen all by itself. it needs to be earned... every day... using wellness to keep away illness... and believing that a single life can be made better by millions of others. healthier takes somebody who can power modern health care... by connecting every single part of it. for as the world keeps on searching for healthier... we're here to make healthier happen. optum. healthier is here. when you're not confident your company's data is secure the possibility of a breach can quickly become the only thing you think about. that's where at&t can help. we monitor network traffic worldwide, so we can see things others can't. mitigating risks across your business. leaving you free to focus on what matters most. i take these out... ...to put in dr. scholl's active series insoles. they help reduce wear and tear on my legs, becuase they have triple zone protection. ... and reduce shock by 40%. so i feel like i'm ready to take on anything. >> stahl: every year, coal- burning power plants generate not only electricity, but a staggering amount of leftover coal ash that contains heavy metals unhealthy to humans. yet, due in part to intense industry lobbying, oversight over disposal has been largely left in the hands of state officials and employees, who are often beholden to the powerful local utility companies. for decades, coal ash was just dumped into giant pits dug by rivers and lakes, where toxins could leach into nearby water and soil. there are over 1,000 ash pits or ponds dotting the nation, many of them old, poorly monitored, all but forgotten. but as we first reported back in december, every few years, we are reminded that the status quo can lead to disaster, like the coal ash spill in february last year into north carolina's dan river at a power plant owned by duke energy, the biggest utility company in the country. the spill at dan river happened when a drainage pipe that ran underneath an ash basin and dam collapsed, sucking out six decades of waste and spewing gunk directly into the river. >> lynn good: it was an accident. it didn't work the way it should have worked. it did not meet our standards or our expectations. >> stahl: duke energy c.e.o. lynn good, then only seven months on the job, had a crisis on her hands. how many tons of ash, do you know, went into the river? >> good: yes, we released between 30,000 and 39,000 tons of ash into the river. >> stahl: wow. >> good: we moved immediately to repair the pipe and also begin cleaning the river. and we've used this as an opportunity at duke to raise our standards even higher, of all of our basins to insure and confirm that they were operating safely. >> stahl: once the water spilled out of the basin, this is what was exposed-- canyons and ridges of industrial waste the size of 20 football fields, buried right by the river where people fish and swim and get their drinking water. but the accident at dan river wasn't the first time a coal ash pond collapsed. it happened to another company six years ago in kingston, tennessee. that spill was more than 100 times larger, smothering homes in toxic muck and choking up the river. after kingston in 2008, did duke raise its vigilance? did you heighten...? >> good: yes. there were inspections that went on throughout the inrydust certainly at duke, where all the basins were reviewed. >> stahl: actually, inspections had been going on for years, including this one in 1986 that duke itself paid for. it recommended "quantitative monitoring" of the very pipe that collapsed, saying it was "expected to have less longevity." so that first report urging duke to watch that pipe was 30 years ago. but there were others-- 1996 2001, 2006-- advising you to keep watching that pipe, over and over. 2009, the e.p.a. warned about the pipe. >> good: most of those... >> stahl: how could you neglect those? >> good: the results of those inspections indicated that we should monitor, and we were monitoring. and what we were looking for is that the pipe would leak before it failed. but it didn't fail in that way; it failed without leaking. >> pat mccrory: i don't think duke even knew what was underneath some of their dams and knew the structural issues. >> stahl: the spill infuriated pat mccrory, the pro-business republican governor of north carolina. he knows duke well, having worked there for 29 years. how would you describe or rate duke's record on dealing with coal ash disposal? >> mccrory: well, actually there has been no record regarding coal ash disposal. >> stahl: they haven't done anything? >> mccrory: very little, very little. i think the record's been quite poor. because frankly, it's been out of sight, out of mind. >> good: lesley, we have been generating electricity in this country from coal for decades. >> stahl: and that means coal ash. >> good: and that ash that has been produced has been stored in accordance with industry standards and practices for decades. we're at a period when the electric system and certainly duke's system is modernizing. we're adding natural gas, we're adding renewables, and we're closing some coal plants. >> stahl: fact is, duke closed the dan river plant in 2012, and that perplexed the governor. >> mccrory: when i heard about the dan river plant having a coal ash spill, my first reaction was, "wait a minute. that plant's been closed for years. why are we having a spill at a plant that's not even open?" >> stahl: that's because, when they closed the plant, duke just left the ash pond where it was. in an unprecedented program, duke has closed half their coal ash plants in north carolina in the last three years, blowing up one... after another... after another, as the company switches to natural gas. in all cases, they just left the coal ash ponds and basins behind. >> frank holleman: this is no way to store industrial waste in large quantities in such a primitive way. >> stahl: frank holleman, an attorney at the southern environmental law center, says it makes no sense to store coal ash, that usually contains toxins like arsenic, mercury thallium, and cadmium, in basins right next to waterways. >> holleman: it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out if you dig an earthen, unlined hole in the earth next to a river, and you put in it a substance that has toxic substances, that is going to leak into the groundwater. it doesn't take a genius to figure that out. >> stahl: your organization, you have been suing duke energy. >> holleman: that's correct. well, what we have hoped is that we could convince duke to get the coal ash out of these unlined pits, move it to safe lined, dry storage away from the waterway. >> stahl: that's what duke is already doing with most of its newly generated ash, trucking it to dry, lined landfills away from watt off for reuse as building material. but the company's big problem is what to do with the 100 million tons of old coal ash it's accumulated in their 32 ponds in north carolina-- some, like this one, up against people's backyards where children play. >> good: lesley, we're committing to closing all of the sites. >> stahl: when you say "close," what do you mean by "close"? >> good: so, there are various methods that can be used to close. certainly, excavating them to a lined landfill is one of the methods. >> stahl: that method would cost up to $8 billion. but duke is considering two other options-- lining the bottom and top of the ponds, but leaving the ash there, which would cost somewhat less, or-- least pricey at $2 billion-- "cap in place," which means just covering the top of the pond. with no lining on the bottom? >> good: and typically, "cap in place" is not lined on the bottom. but we would not move forward with a cap in place unless we had a certainty that the water is safe. and so, that's where the science comes in. that's where the study needs to be completed, so that we develop smart solutions. >> stahl: it's called "cap in place." >> holleman: "cap in place." >> stahl: right. now, would that satisfy your organization? >> holleman: no, it would not. an unlined pit next to a river a lake, or a drinking water reservoir-- it stays wet. only if you have a lining in it do you separate this industrial waste from the water table and the groundwater, so "cap in place" is only "pollute in place." >> stahl: obviously, i'm not a scientist, but shouldn't you just say, "okay, we're going to line them all?" >> good: i'd love to tell you there is a simple solution to this. i'd love to tell you that ash... >> stahl: well, why isn't that a simple solution? >> good: ...that ash that has been stored for decades can be solved quickly. we like quick answers. we like to pull our cell phone up and do research and get answers right away. but in order to do this right, we do need to do the study. we need to understand, what is the groundwater? where is the groundwater? we need to understand the stability of the basin. we need to understand the soil type. i cannot immediately move 100 million tons of ash. it's not a response that makes any sense, doesn't make common sense. as much as i'd love to tell you there's a simple solution, it's one that requires study, and it's one that requires time to complete. >> stahl: but environmentalists say "studying" is code for "stalling," because this problem isn't new. duke has been conducting tests around their ash ponds for decades. and five years ago, when state regulators demanded to see the data, they found something alarming-- the coal ash ponds in all of duke's 14 plants were either leaking toxic chemicals into rivers and streams, or contaminating the groundwater. >> good: some of the readings that we have found are for elements like iron and manganese, which are naturally occurring. >> stahl: but nine of your plants have been found to have groundwater violations for contaminants including lead, sulfate, boron, chromium thallium, selenium, and arsenic. >> good: so we have had exceedances. and when i said iron and manganese, lesley, i was talking about the majority of them. we have had instances of other readings, as well. >> stahl: well, i'm citing your own monitoring statistics, which do say that there have been hazardous chemicals that have entered the groundwater or surface water at all 14 plants by your own admission. >> good: and what we have recommended, and will be moving forward with, and the state has recommended, is further assessments so that appropriate steps can be taken. >> stahl: ( laughs ) >> good: so, lesley, i think... >> stahl: further assessments! >> good: i know, i think it's important to understand this and i... >> stahl: but even you have to throw your head back and say "further assessments?!" but these results go back years. and to say we need to study more, you know, is a very frustrating thing to have to hear, and i'm not even a citizen of north carolina. >> good: we have very openly and transparently disclosed these results to work with the regulators to determine whether it really represents a risk. >> stahl: does duke's coal ash today pose any health risk at all? >> good: i believe our system is operating safely. >> stahl: but local environmentalists showed us leaks from several of duke's ash ponds, like this one at cape fear. >> this stream is like this, leaking coal ash into the river 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. >> stahl: after we asked state officials about this particular leak, lab tests were done showing "notably elevated concentrations of sulfate, aluminum, iron, manganese, boron, and strontium." the state says the leak doesn't impact the overall health of the river, but is illegal, a violation of the clean water act. yet environmentalists like frank holleman say that, over the years, the state never forced duke to clean up its ash ponds under both democratic and republican administrations. how powerful is duke energy in the state of north carolina? >> holleman: it's the most powerful entity in the state of north carolina. it spends millions of dollars on political contributions, and it has traditionally had a very close relationship with the state regulators. >> stahl: just last year governor mccrory cut the budget and staff of the specific department that inspects the ash ponds. the state legislature did pass a law in august requiring duke to clean up its plants, but only after the company had already volunteered to do that. earlier, when holleman tried to sue duke, he was thwarted by the state, which stepped in and negotiated a settlement that allowed duke-- you guessed it-- more time to study, and imposed only a paltry fine. tell everybody how much the fine was. >> mccrory: i don't have that list, but again... >> stahl: it was $99,111. >> mccrory: that's correct. >> stahl: which does not sound like a big fine. >> mccrory: it wasn't a big fine. >> stahl: all this has made federal prosecutors suspicious. they empanelled a grand jury to investigate whether duke or the regulators has done anything illegal to get the state to go easy on the company. virtually every newspaper in the state of north carolina came out with editorials claiming that duke was lax, and lawless, when it came to the environment, and acted like a bully with state regulators. >> good: i recognize that. i disagree with that characterization. there's been... it's been a challenging time, a difficult time. lots of voices weighing in. certainly lots of scrutiny and criticism. >> stahl: but you must take this to heart, if there's so much of it, you know? >> good: of course we do. we take this very seriously. and we're using this as an opportunity to raise our standards even higher, to ensure that our operations are safe. it's our highest priority at duke. >> stahl: since our story aired, disposal of coal ash is now federally regulated. and just last month, duke energy pleaded guilty to four criminal violations of the clean water act for the spill at dan river and five additional violations for polluting other north carolina rivers with coal ash for years. the company issued a public apology and was fined $102 million. >> and now a cbs sports update brought to you by pfizer. the fedex st. jude classic, fabian gomez notches his first career pga victory, shooting a four under 66 to beat greg owen by four shots. the mets hit frou home runs and overcame a five-run deficit to beat the braves. in the american league the blue jays beat the red sox to win their 11th straight. the yankees topped the oriole, snapping baltimore's six-game winning streak. for more sports news and information, go to cbssports.com. phil macatee reporting. decide on a biologic ask if xeljanz is right for you. mall pill, not an injection or infusion for adults with moderate to severe ra for whom methotrexate did not work well. xeljanz can relieve ra symptoms and help stop further joint damage. xeljanz can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. serious, sometimes fatal infections and cancers have happened in patients taking xeljanz. don't start xeljanz if you have any infection unless ok with your doctor. tears in the stomach or intestines, low blood cell counts and higher liver tests and cholesterol levels have happened. your doctor should perform blood tests before you start and while taking xeljanz and routinely check certain liver tests. tell your doctor if you have been to a region where fungal infections are common, and if you have had tb hepatitis b or c, or are prone to infections. tell your doctor about all the medicines you take. ♪ one pill, twice daily, xeljanz can reduce ra pain and help stop further joint damage even without methotrexate. ask your rheumatologist about xeljanz. advanced design makes it easy to protect your dog or cat from fleas and ticks. discover seresto. with the performance you expect from topicals in a non-greasy collar seresto provides protection against fleas and ticks for 8 months. seresto. we live in a world of mobile technology, but it is not the device that is mobile, it is you. when there is a game when there is a training when there is a goal, our duty is to bring that information as fast as possible to the people. real madrid have about 450 million fans. we're trying to give them all the feeling of being at the stadium. the microsoft cloud gives us the scalability to communicate exactly the content that people want to see. microsoft cloud allows us to establish a relationship that is more personal is more direct with the fans. it will help people connect to their passion of living real madrid. >> cooper: human beings have lived with dogs for thousands of years. you'd think that, after all that time, we'd have discovered all there is to know about them. but, as we first reported last fall, it turns out that, until recently, scientists didn't pay much attention to dogs. dolphins have been studied for decades, apes and chimps as well, but dogs, with whom we share our lives, were never thought to be worthy of serious study. as a result, we know very little about what actually goes on inside dogs' brains. do they really love us, or are dogs just licking us so they can get fed? how much of our language can they understand? before you answer, we want you to meet chaser, who's been called "the smartest dog in the world." >> john pilley: yeah, we are going to wofford. hup. good girl. good girl. good girl. >> cooper: 86-year-old retired psychology professor john pilley and his border collie chaser are inseparable. >> pilley: we are almost there. almost there. can you speak? speak? speak! ( chaser barks ) >> pilley: good girl. good girl. >> cooper: do you view chaser as a family pet, as a friend? how do you see chaser? >> pilley: she's our child. >> cooper: she's your child? >> pilley: she's our child, a member of the family. oh, yes, she comes first. >> cooper: many people think of their dogs as children, but john pilley has been teaching her like a child as well. by assigning names to toys pilley has been helping chaser learn words and simple sentences. >> pilley: take k.g. >> cooper: he's been teaching her up to five hours a day, five days a week, for the past nine years. >> pilley: my best metaphor is this is a two-year-old toddler. >> cooper: that's how you think about your dog, a two-year-old toddler? >> pilley: yeah, she has the capabilities of a two-year-old. chicken, chicken, chicken. yes. good girl. >> cooper: he's not kidding. most two-year-old toddlers know about 300 words. >> pilley: figure eight. figure eight. good girl. that's figure eight. >> cooper: chaser's vocabulary is three times that. >> pilley: to tub. >> cooper: she's learned the names of more than 1,000 toys, and all those toys add up. >> pilley: wheel-- yes, bring it on. >> cooper: to show us chaser's collection, pilley's brought us to his back porch. so, these are all the toys in here? >> pilley: yes. >> cooper: got a chicken in here. is it all right if i dump them out? >> pilley: please do. please do. >> cooper: there are 800 cloth animals, 116 different balls and more than 100 plastic toys-- 1,022 toys in all, each with a unique name. so chaser could recognize the names of every one of these toys? >> pilley: that's true, that's true. >> cooper: to prove it, pilley catalogued the toys, and then, over the course of three years gave chaser hundreds of tests like this. >> pilley: chaser, find circle find circle. >> cooper: in every test, chaser correctly identified 95% or more of the toys. >> pilley: find circle, chase. yeah. >> cooper: the results were published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, and a star was born. >> how are you? i'm so glad to see you. >> cooper: chaser even landed a book deal. but john pilley didn't stop with the names of toys. >> pilley: nose k.g. nose k.g. nose it. nose it. good girl. >> cooper: he's taught chaser that nouns and verbs have different meanings... >> pilley: paw it. paw it. >> cooper: ...and can be combined in a variety of ways. >> pilley: chase, take wheel. do it, girl, do it. okay. out. out. chase, take k.g. do it. good girl. good girl. >> cooper: so she's actually understanding the difference between "take," "paw," putting her paw on something, and putting her nose on something? >> pilley: right. and that's what we are demonstrating. >> cooper: all this learning has been possible, pilley says because of a breakthrough chaser had when she was just a puppy. at a certain point, she realized that objects have names? >> pilley: right. it was an insight that came to her. >> cooper: how could you tell that she'd suddenly had that insight? >> pilley: well, it was in the fifth month and she'd learned about 40 names. and the time necessary to work with her kept getting shorter and shorter. >> cooper: she was starting to learn words faster and faster? >> pilley: yes. >> brian hare: it's the closest thing in animals we've seen to being like what young children do as they are learning words. >> cooper: brian hare, an evolutionary anthropologist at duke university, believes chaser is the most important dog in the history of modern scientific research. >> hare: this is very serious science. we're not talking about stupid pet tricks where people have spent, you know, hours trying to just train a dog to do the same thing over and over. what's neat about what chaser's doing is chaser is learning tons, literally thousands of new things by using the same ability that kids use when they learn lots of words. >> cooper: he's talking about what researchers call social inference, a capability humans like hare's son luke, acquire around age one. to demonstrate the concept, hare hides a ball under one of these two cups. >> hare: hey, lukey guy. where is it? can you get it? can you get the ball? >> cooper: luke doesn't know which cup the ball is under, but when his father points, he makes an inference. hey, nice job. >> hare: you got it. >> cooper: so what does that show you? >> hare: so, when kids his age start understanding pointing it's right when the foundations of what lead to language and culture start to develop. >> cooper: it might look simple, but when hare tried the same test with bonobos, great apes he studied for more than a decade, look what happened. >> hare: oh, you chose the wrong one. >> cooper: bonobos, our closest genetic relatives, can't do it. but hare discovered dogs can. >> hare: you ready? so i'm going to hide it in one of these two places. >> cooper: this two-year-old labrador named sisu has no trouble understanding the meaning of pointing. now, she doesn't know for sure which place you've put it in? >> hare: that's right. there is no way she could know. and i'm just going to tell her where it is. okay, sisu. so, that's really hard for a lot of animals, and that's what is really special about dogs is they're really similar to even human toddlers. >> cooper: that's a level of thinking that people didn't really think dogs could do? >> hare: right. i mean, there was no evidence until the last decade that dogs were capable of inferential reasoning, absolutely not. so, that's what's new, that's what's shocking is that, of all the species, it's dogs that are showing a couple of abilities that are really important, that allow humans to develop culture and language. >> cooper: it's not surprising that dogs share characteristics with humans. after all, we've evolved alongside each other for more than 15,000 years. there are now some 80 million dogs in this country, more dogs than children. but for all the playing and petting, the companionship, we still know very little about their brains. dr. greg berns, a physician and neuroscientist at emory university, has studied the human brain for more than two decades. but three years ago, questions he had about his own dog inspired him to start looking at the canine brain. >> greg berns: it started out with the desire to know, really, "what does my dog think of me?" i love my dog, but do they reciprocate in any way? when they hear you come home you know, they start jumping around. is it just because they expect you to feed them? is this all just a scam by the dogs? >> cooper: are dogs just big scammers? >> berns: yeah. >> cooper: to try and answer that question, dr. berns is doing something scientists have had a difficult time with. he's conducting brain scans on dogs while they're awake and un- sedated. inside the fmri machine, they're trained to stay completely still. what's around tigger's head here? >> berns: the scanner makes a lot of noise. it's quite loud. and because dogs' hearing is more sensitive than ours, we have to protect their hearing, just like ours. so we... we put earplugs and earmuffs, and just wrap it all to just keep it in place. >> okay, now we can go up. >> cooper: tigger certainly knows the drill. once in the machine, he lies down and doesn't move. these scans are giving dr. berns the first glimpse at how a dog's brain actually works. so these are slices of tigger's brain that you're seeing? >> berns: yeah, exactly. so we're slicing from top to bottom. we analyze them later to see which parts increase in response to the different signals. >> cooper: while in the scanner, the dogs smell cotton swabs with different scents. first, the underarm sweat of a complete stranger. next, the sweat of their owner. as dr. berns expected, when the dogs sniffed the swabs the part of their brain associated with smell, an area right behind the nose, activated. it didn't matter what the scent was. but it was when the dogs got a whiff of their owner's sweat that another area of the brain was stimulated, the caudate nucleus or "reward center." dr. berns believes that means the dog is experiencing more than the good feeling that comes with a meal. it shows the dog is recognizing somebody extremely important to them. it's the same area in a human brain that activates when we listen to a favorite song or anticipate being with someone we love. so just by smelling the sweat of their owner, it triggers something in a much stronger way than it does with a stranger? >> berns: right, which means that it's a positive feeling, a positive association. >> cooper: and that's something you can prove through mris? it's not just... i mean, previously, people would say "well, yeah, obviously, my dog loves me. i see its tail wagging and it seems really happy when it sees me." >> berns: right. now, we're using the brain as kind of the test to say, "okay when we see activity in these reward centers, that means the dog is experiencing something that it likes or it wants, and it's a good feeling." >> cooper: my takeaway from this is that i'm not being scammed by my dog. >> berns: did you have that feeling before? >> cooper: yeah, totally. i worry about that all the time. watch youtube videos of dogs welcoming home returning service members, and it's easy to see the bond between dogs and their owners. brian hare says there's even more proof of that bond-- it's found in our blood streams. >> hare: we know that when dogs and humans make eye contact, that that actually releases what's known as the "love hormone," oxytocin, in both the dog and the human. >> cooper: it turns out oxytocin, the same hormone that helps new mothers bond with their babies, is released in both dogs and humans when they play, touch, or look into one another's eyes. >> thank you very much. >> hare: what we know now is that, when dogs are actually looking at you, they're essentially hugging you with their eyes. >> cooper: really? >> hare: yes. and so, it's not just that when a dog is making a lot of eye contact with you that they're just trying to get something from you. it actually probably is just really enjoyable for them, because they get an oxytocin, or they get an uptick in this love hormone, too. >> cooper: all these new discoveries about dogs have led brian hare to create a science- based web site called "dognition," where owners can learn to play games to test their dog's brain power. so you're allowing people to do an intelligence test for their dogs? >> hare: that's exactly right. and the idea, though, is that there's not one type of intelligence. we help you measure things like how your dog communicates, how empathic your dog is. is your dog cunning? is your dog actually capable of abstract thought like reasoning? >> cooper: so, there are different kinds of intelligence for dogs, just like with humans? >> hare: absolutely. and so, just like some humans are good at english, and others are good at math, it's the same for dogs. >> cooper: when hare tested his own dog, a mixed breed named tassie, he was surprised by what he learned. >> hare: what i found out was that i had someone sleeping in my bed that i didn't even know. >> cooper: really? >> hare: and i didn't know my dog doesn't really rely on its working memory. so, if i'm saying "sit" and "stay," i no longer have to wonder why my dog wanders off. he, like, literally forgot. >> cooper: so, you're dog's not the sharpest of dogs? >> hare: he did great on communication. he's very communicative. >> cooper: so he can basically be a tv anchor? >> hare: yes. >> pilley: fetch shirt. fetch shirt. there we go. >> cooper: if you're wondering how chaser did on brian hare's intelligence tests? she was off the charts on reasoning and memory. not surprising, perhaps, considering chaser is a border collie, dogs bred specifically for their ability to understand how farmers want their sheep herded. is chaser just like an einstein of dogs? >> hare: so, that's really fun. is chaser somehow special? and i think the idea, actually is that no... i mean, when dr. pilley chose chaser, he just randomly took her out of a litter. >> pilley: drop. drop. >> hare: what's special is that he spent so much time playing these games to help her learn words, but are there lots of chasers out there? absolutely. >> pilley: on your mark, get set, go! >> cooper: there's going to be a lot of people who see this and are jealous of your relationship with chaser. i mean, i now think about my own dog and kind of think, wow, i've missed the boat, i haven't sort of helped my dog live up to her potential. >> pilley: well, start working with your dog more. yeah, you're so sweet. >> yeah, there's a lot going on there. >> does your dog really love you? anderson cooper talks about molly at 60minutesovertime.com. sponsored by lyrica. >> pelley: i'm scott pelley. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes". when i'm out in the hot sun, i know how to hydrate on the inside. but what about my skin? coppertone sport sunscreen puts a breathable layer on your skin to help keep it hydrated by holding in natural moisture while providing protection from harmful uv rays. game on. coppertone sport. new smucker's fruit fulls. it's a delicious snack, made with fruit and whole grains like oats and chia! it's like having your own personal orchard any time, anywhere. with a name like smucker's, it has to be good. song: rachel platten "fight song" ♪ two million, four hundred thirty-four thousand three hundred eleven people in this city. and only one me. ♪ i'll take those odds. ♪ be unstoppable. the all-new 2015 ford edge. captioning funded by cbs and ford captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org (car engine shuts off, doors opening and closing) (men chattering, footsteps running) (gunshots) (people screaming) (automatic gunfire) (dialing phone) (line ringing) (speaking igbo) in conclusion, the challenges of the 21st century are indeed great. therefore, our determination to solve them together must be even greater. thank you. and now i'm going to barf,

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