cameron's appearance, it is clear that nato missiles did not only depose a dictator, they helped destroy a state. before, libyans were terrified of the police. now they are terrified by the lack of them. warned that he would be replaced by tribalism, extremism, and anarchy, and in large measure he has been proved right. is one ofe station several in benghazi that has been bombed repeatedly. the attackers are not known and there are almost daily assassination attempt on military officers or public figures. parts ofg openly over the city, the black flag of jihad. >> we have a geographical region presenceuoyed by the of the state. this region is under the control of extremist radical movements that are either sympathetic word full cooperation with al qaeda -- or in full cooperation with al qaeda. >> al libby is being interrogated on an american warship in the mediterranean after being snatched by u.s. special forces over the weekend. intelligence agencies believe other al qaeda leaders are building a logistical base in the east of the country for tax through the region. these are the kinds of recyclable weapons they could easily get their hands on. this pile of ordinance, recovered from bombed on chris, has been secured by -- covered out of her, have been taken over in secured, but others have been left for looters. removed upwards of 35 tons of explosive content, which equates to probably 70,000-plus individual items of ordinance. if you take this is a snapshot and times that by 500, that gives an estimate of how big the problem here really is. >> libya is thought to have the world's largest unsecured arms stockpile. millions of tons of weapons are unaccounted for, including between 3000 and 8000 man powered missile systems that could bring down airliners. libyan arms have been known to be used on the terrorist attack at a gas field earlier this year. they fueled the attempt by militant attempts to take over molly and are being used in the sinai peninsula and by rebels, including jihadis in syria. even libya's prime minister acknowledges the scale of the threat. >> weapons are being smuggled from and into libya by groups which are trying to murder people and spread terror. the movement of these weapons is also putting our neighboring countries at risk. we need international cooperation to stop it. not all militia are extremists. these are not. untilere will be no order they are all forged into a national army, which libya needs most help with. hundreds of fighters will be sent for training to britain for training and other countries this year, but it will be a slow process, partly because militias have supporters within the government. it are paid huge sums by the state even when they oppose it. >> the extremist militias understood from the beginning of the revolution that their main goal in the future -- their main foe in the future would be a military institution. thus they decided to control the ministry of defense and the prime minister he and the parliament, for that matter, to prevent the creation of a proper army that would serve the people and the interests of the people. benghazi home, a former rebel commander is keeping his weapon say. his militia was driven off the streets by popular protest, but he think they will be back. you keep these here all the time? >> yeah. you may get the impression that people hate the brigades, but that is not completely true. now, a year on, people are demanding our return. >> the prime minister admits his power is very limited. >> we are in a state of revolution. we have no choice. the libyan state has no control over the repercussions of the revolution. because the state is weak. now, with no and insight to the oil blockade, the state is getting weaker by the day. america's raid on tripoli may reflect a new estimation in washington the government cannot turn the corner. a failing state could become a failed one. now there may be former interventionists who would agree. jeremy paxton was joined by a former british ambassador to libya and conservative mp. a state thatook at cannot secure itself, cannot even protect its own main source of income, it is paris lay close to a failed state, isn't it --it is perilously close to a failed state, isn't it? >> i think it is a long way away from being a failed state. i think there are rule problems, it is very fragile, but i think considering they had a real revolution only two years ago, and they replaced a vile dictatorship, which was unique in the way that it took flattened all institutions in libya and destroyed every institution, including the mosque and the army and the police, there was nothing. you are building from nothing. it is a difficult task. >> is it a failed state or close to it? >> i think it is close to it. it is not yet a full out civil war and it may be -- it is terrible to say -- i think might be better than living under colonel qaddafi, but it is a terrible situation. afiit does prove that qadd was right in saying a country like that required a strong to radical government. >> it is what saddam said, it is the obvious thing to say in the middle east. when the strongman goes, you have a lot of trouble. the question is, what do you do? do you put up with somebody like assad because he is saying he's keeping order? what he is actually doing is maintaining civil war. >> would you say the same thing mussolini? >> when you look at history of western intervention, there are not happy precedents. >> there are not, and quite i was very doubtful about intervention in libya. i was against it. but i think i was wrong. since then to libya revolution in seeing what a happy country it was compared to the way it was before, i think it was right. >> i was struck on the trips to libya, i went very pessimistic. you could see all the militia groups, you could see the ingredients developing. but it was much better than it could have been. it is a terrible thing to say, but it is much better than it could have been. it is not yet all out civil war. it still has hope, but it is a horrible situation. >> but it is very worrying, isn't it, when you have these vast numbers of untracked weapons? >> sure, that is a very serious problem and it may yet cause very serious trouble elsewhere, but that is aside from a different issue of whether it is a failed state or not. >> i think we need to be realistic about the direction and relies with the source of intervention, we may have to accept these as a possibility when we do these over the next 20 years. >> but you don't think it is better not to do them? >> that is one view, but i don't think we should be driven into nations. this failed state, colonel coffey did not have a state itself. in a bizarre state. there was not much to take over when he was deposed. shove, hesh came to turned to the army. now there is nothing. >> the alternative will look like algeria. it will be military oppression against the islamists, a lot of attacks. example of what could be much worse than libya. algeria was a civil war in which hundreds of thousands were killed, going on 20 years. it is very similar to libya. are seeing with libya is hoping the leadership can emerge from that. they fragile state is still one step above. yes, for example, there has been interference with the oil supply, which was essentially because the people who were guarding the oil facilities were not being paid. their ownthe law into hands, which was a suicidal thing to do for the country. not for them individually. been partlyblem has solved. a similar thing happened with the water. that has been solved. there are moves in the right direction. wereilitias which controlling, for example, the airport and the frontier posts a year ago are no longer doing so. it is now being done centrally. very effectively, but centrally. but you have to keep these in perspective. one of the things the report mentioned was now in the eastern libya there was an assassination attempt almost every day. , a thousand people were murdered last month and 1000 people the month before that. algeria, syria, iraq, this is the context of what we need to see what is happening in libya. it is a tragic situation, but i still feel that qaddafi had to go. innational mourning vietnam over a war hero. he was a unique entry in the pantheon of generals. editor wrote his treaties on war when he was a mere 16 years old. the general was not a trained soldier, he was a communist car raid. >> it is indispensable to mobilize and organize the entire people. >> their mobilization was against the colonial french. the vietnamese communists were so good at it the americans following on in the 1960s try to match it with their own hearts and minds doctrine. the central combination of the army, politics, social action, propaganda, and coercion can be seen today in places like lebanon, where hezbollah has great power compared to the peaceable efforts of rivals. the general realized having stood the people up, the french would spread forces across the country. >> the enemy found himself face- to-face with a contradiction. without scattering forces, it was impossible for him to occupy the invaded territory. in scattering resources, he put himself in danger. >> that left him concentrated against the french, famously in 1954, where they were defeated. today, each time i think of him, i recall it as if it was yesterday. in this memorable evening of the seventh of may, the friends they -- thez as him of our intrinsic enthusiasm jumping from the trenches shouting "victory, victory." concentration of forces a centuries-old idea, but it is striking how often lesser commanders have failed to do it. afghan fighters have not manage strategic concentration. for the americans fighting the general, there was another problem. communist had established north vietnam is a sanctuary, changing the whole counsel -- the whole calculus of the war. the ho chi minh trail connected the communist north to guerrillas fighting the americans in the south. it was a staggering feat of logistics. he calculated that for every key that was delivered to guerrillas cost him 21 kilos taken by the porters taking it to the south. even a massive u.s. bombing cannot stop it. it was a triumph of human great over american firepower. >> what i would like to emphasize it is that technical equipment have their own role in the war. but the decisive factor is the human factor. >> and that is the generals's key legacy, demonstrating how people highly organized, superbly led and motivated, could think was technology. as a military theorist, his writings are pretty turgid, but he had what napoleon most prized andenerals, which was luck, his attitude to sacrifice could have come from stalin. >> you will kill 10 of us. we will kill one of you. but in the end, you will tire of it first. >> the vietnam war was continued until it's bitter and with an estimated cost of 3 million lives. people in southeast asia defeated two of the world's greatest powers. a woman's right to choose was the way that one character put it in "sex in the city." no question that shoes in one form or another are a fashion up session of the 21st century. there are still people living in places remain proud of the hair that have served them 40 years. earlier this week, i spoke with a woman who built the world- famous jimmy choo empire about the power of shoes and a rather dim view of private equities in the fashion district. ♪ i want to start with jimmy choo. you built a spectacular brand, but your whole business model sounds like it was incredibly painful. >> it was very difficult because we had a private equity coming into the business, and very often their interests did not align with years. i believe private equity has turned into something it was never meant to be. guys toecome a way for get fees by flipping companies. they want to come in and out of a company within two to three years. for a management team to go to ray sales process every 2, 3 years is just not sustainable. >> i guess people will be saying private equity major incredibly rich. >> i would say i made him incredibly rich. i made it despite private equity. they are not experts in the luxury business. none of them had ever been in it before. i think there is a big misconception about them funding the business. they don't fund the business. and buy shares in the company pays the interest on the debt. its cash flow. it is a burden on the business rather than a help. >> what have you done differently this time around, what were the lessons about the process that you want to get right? about very careful who i taken my business as investors and always keep control of the company. now i have a fantastic group of investors. they are all entrepreneurs, people bit their own -- built their own businesses. they are not looking for a quick return because they have a fund or get fees. it is a different mindset. ♪ >> do you think there were gender assumptions or do you think you are difficult to work with? an easy,k that is such to make about a woman in business. , have had other comments like "she just wants to be a celebrity." that is actually very misogynist and i don't think we in this country should the discouraging women entrepreneurs in that way. that is a very sexist slander. >> it is not a slander, i am asking the question. what was it that you think came from them? >> i think because they have a fear of women in business. i think they believe the only way to work with women is to fully and control rather than understand this person is an asset and if we collaborate, we will get so much more out of this. ♪ what you think accounted for the success of jimmy choo? ilors, the ta design, the branding, or the marketing? >> it is a combination of everything. i could not have done it if i do not have the product. every thing comes back to the product. the most important thing for a luxury brand is quality and innovation. >> innovation is a curious word because you found jimmy choo, by all accounts, are you saying never designed a single shoe. >> the idea was for jimmy to design the collection and i would run the business, but it became clear that his technical skill -- he was technically skilled in making a shoe, but he did not have the creative vision to design the collection. >> how key do you think "sex and the city" was to the branding of jimmy choo? >> that was a huge milestone, it was huge because it turns you into a household name overnight. being in a glossy magazine is amazing and validates you, but that is a type of thing that you are just a household name. not all of those people will buy your product, but it lead you into being able to do fragrance and sunglasses and the aspirational products people look for. brand, program, your power toolel as a for women. it was a sort of "you can do anything." is the truth is theheel crippling. they make you precarious. and don't give you power, they give you bunions. >> i could argue with the other way. i know i feel more empowered when i am taller. i can look somebody more in the eye, and i like the way that it holds my posture. and shoes, high heels should not be painful. >> come on, tell me you have never had an uncomfortable pair of high heels. withhave, but the problem that is most shoe designers are men. this time around, i can back from my factory in italy to work with the maker to mature the heels are comfortable because i don't want to be in pain. >> thank you. that is all for this week. from all of us here, goodbye. ♪ >> make sense of international news at bbc.com/news. >> funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newman's own foundation, giving all profits to charity and pursuing the common good for over 30 years, and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers use their expertise in global finance to guide you through the business strategies and opportunities of international commerce. we put our extended global network to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you question mark -- what can we do for you? >> bbc "newsnight coming up, many thousands of american prison inmates are locked up in solitary confinement sometimes for decades. luck luc lucky severson reports. also, popular crime novelist james lee burke. he tells bob faw all western literature is about the search for salvation. major funding for "religion and ethics newsweekly" is provided by the lilly endowment an indianapolis private family foundation, dedicated to its founders' interest in religion, communi communi communi community development and education. and the retirement company. welcome, i'm bob abernethy. good to have you with us. as the government shutdown entered the second week, many religious leaders ramped up their criticism of lawmakers in washington. a coalition of 98 leaders accused elected officials of pursuing an ideological agenda at the expense of vulnerable families and the working poor. several christian leaders staged what they called a faithful filibuster near the u.s. capitol. where they continuously read bible passages about caring for the poor. >> if you mistreat the poor, you insult your creator. if you are kind to them, you show him respect. >> meanwhile, religious conservatives rallied in washington at the annual values voters summit. activists reaffirmed their support for federal budget cuts and their opposition to the affordable care act. the group heard from several republican members of congress who had been leading the fight against obama care. >> and i would suggest a model for how we turn this country around in the next couple of years. and it is a model that we have been following together for the last couple of months, to stop that train wreck, that disaster, that nightmare that is obama care. >> this year's nobel peace prize was awarded for the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons. it was formed in 1997 to enforce international treaties against the use of chemical weapons. the nobel committee said recent events in syria have underlined the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons. muslims from around the world are gathering in mecca for the annual hajj or pilgrimage. around 3 million are expected including more than 14,000 americans. while diseases spread by travelers are always a challenge during the hajj, this year health officials are especially concerned about a deadly virus called the middle east respiratory syndrome or mers. the virus has killed dozens of people in saudi arabia. saudi officials are providing vaccinations. american pilgrims are being urged to take extra precautions. leaders of the u.s. catholic bishops met with pope francis at the vatican this week. new york cardinal timothy dolan who's president of the bishops conference described it as a meeting of brothers. dolan said the pope was curious about issues facing the american church including the plight of undocumented immigrants. one of the top leaders of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints, the mormons, has acknowledged that there have been times when church leaders and members have made mistakes. the president told a gathering last week that some mormon leaders have said and done things that were not in harmony

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