And im kerry sayers. And im your host, bill kurtis. This is through the decades. A decade is only 10 years. In the grand scheme its a blink of an eye. Yet, some decades packed plenty of monumental moments into 10 short years, but perhaps no decades packed more than the it saw the bay of pigs, the cuban missile crisis, rise and fall of camelot, and the moon landing. We saw the berkeley movement, the march on washington, and the construction of the berlin wall. But in the next hour, were looking at the pop culture moments that have stayed with us long after the 60s stopped swining. We begin with the tv appearance that showcased beatles made their american debut on the Ed Sullivan Show. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Those are the beatles those are and this is beatleland formally known as britain where an epidemic called beatlemania has seized the teenage population, especially female. In 1963, that epidemic was quickly circling the globe. The beatles debut studio album please please me, had turned four, mophaired boys from liverpool into a popular senon but while they ruled the airwaves in the u. K. , in the u. S. Their releases werent quite as pervasive. Capitol records, an american subsidary of e. M. I. , the beatles label at the time, declined to issue the beatles music during their initial success. E. M. I. Then negotiated with an independent label which brought a few singles to the states in 63. It was enough to pique the countrys interest, but by the end of the year, they wanted to experience the phenomenon. The beatles manager, brian epstein, was well aware of the american desire he was just waiting for the right time and the right way to strike. In the early 1960s, there was no better way into the homes of americans than the Ed Sullivan Show, a television mainstay since the late 1940s. It aired on cbs every sunday night from 8 to 9 p. M. , it aired on cbs every sunday night from 8 to 9 p. M. , weekly ritual for families across the country. The show had a reputation as a starmaker famously sparking the careers of Elvis Presley and buddy holly among others. Any spot on the Ed Sullivan Show was a good spot, you know. So, if you got on the show it was a very magic moment for your career. So, for epstein, it was a fitting stage for the beatles to make their american debut, and near the end of 1963 he sullivan, 10 thousand dollars for three appearances and top billing. On february 7, 1964, the beatles arrived at new yorks john f. Kennedy airport. Hysterical fans met them as they walked off the plane as well as rows of reporters hoping to get the groups First Impressions of the united states. Do you like america . Yes. We wouldnt be here if we were told as we got here last night by the police dont look out of the windows and dont wave, and if we do that then we get the police chief coming up and saying, well, were finished boys and he goes away and they wont look after us, you know, so we cant do anything. Fans camped outside their hotel hoping to catch even a fleeting glimpse of john, paul, george, and ringo. Meanwhile, cbs fielded some 50 thousand requests for tickets to the Ed Sullivan Show which was broadcast from tv but while only a lucky few would get inside, millions from coast to coast were ready to tune in from their living rooms, clicking on their tvs at 8 p. M. Sharp on february 9, 1964. Ladies and gentlemen, the beatles. The beatles performed five of their hits throughout the hour long show. It was a peor over 73 Million People breaking every ratings record that had ever existed. When the beatles came out on that stage and they set them up in tt conventional four man sort of, you know, way, i just thought that could be me one of these days and im going to try to make it me. The british invasion had officially commenced. For american pop culture, it was the introduction of the 60s signature sound milestone that would eclipse all others. The beatles returned to the show the following two sundays, firmly establishing beatlemania in america, a craze that grew into a following few entertainers had or ever would have, one that hasnt quieted since that february night in 1964. Their moptops are an indelible image of the 60s, so is the vision of andy warhol. From his print of marilyn monroe, to a can of soup, he would redefine how we look at art. A man inspired by the mundane, andy warhol. He had a gift painting a new and he used one of todays most nostalgic cans, campbells soup, to make his break into the world of art on july 9, 1962. Andy warhol was an extraordinary painter. But a point in fact what made him great was in fact what as he said himself, the mirror of his times. Warhol got his start as a commercial illustrator in new york city, printing ads in magazines. But he wanted his work galleries, a place where commercial art was undesired. But the time was on his side. In the mid1950s, pop art emerged in britain and moved to the states in the late 50s. Warhol was ahead of his time. To make his mark in the world of art and pop art specifically, warhol capitalized on a part of adapting american culture, mass produced commercialism. Painted the 32 flavors on individual canvases. And displayed them as weknow them, in rows shelved in a grocery aisle. Only beginning warhols iconic production of art we know today. I think if anything could be seen as the symbols or the consummate understanding of the american dream, its andy warhol and his art. Campbells soup was warhols he switched to photosilkscreen printing, a commercially used technique thats much faster and opened his first studio in new york later that year. Warhol named it the factory and it ran all too true to form. Images were replicated on an Assembly Line much like the massproduced items he printed. Only deepening a sense of irony into his art work that nearly lacks individuality. When our journey through the 1960s continues. We look back on when one man changed what an oscar winner looks like. Well also remember the star crossed romance that was liz and dick, and head back to a time when the miniskirt changed fashion forever, even the fight that would catapult a young ambitious fighter onto the world stage. And later, if theres one e 60s, its woodstock. Its all still to come on we move now to april of 1964 as history was made at the 36th annual Academy Awards when Sidney Poitier became the first African American actor to take home an oscar for best actor. Home an oscar for best actor. Twenty four years had passed since Hattie Mcdaniel won her Academy Award for best supporting actress in gone with the wind, but since that time, no African American had won an oscar, and certainly not top honors, until Sidney Poitiers heavensent role as a traveling construction worker for lilies of the field. God is good, he has sent me a big strong man. Was just passing by. Poitier, who had been more than just a passerby in hollywood had been making movies for more than a decade. A few years earlier, he was nominated for best actor for the defiant ones but didnt win. Finally, april 13, 1964, potier and the African American community, got their due. Hollywoods big night for the thirty sixth time, the worlds amusement capital recognizes the years top artists achievements with the bestowal of the coveted oscars. In a dramtatic moment, Anne Bancroft names the best actor of the year. The winner is Sidney Poitier in. The winner is choked with emotion. Because it is a long journey to this moment, i am naturally indebted to countless numbers people. To all of them, i can say a very special thank you. More than two decades later, lilies director and producer, ralph nelson got emotional. At that time, the oscars were held at the santa monica civic auditorium, and when his name was announced the house came down, and sidney went up to the microphone and said it has been a long road to this place. Years later, while being honored by the american film institute, poitier reflected on his historic oscar win. On it and we tend to use it in ways it ought not to be used. I believe that winning the Academy Award for the first time, for any actor, the feeling is the same. That i was a black actor, maybe i went there with less expectations than many other actors might have gone but the response is the same, there response. He was modest about the success he acheived. Well, i felt proud, clearly that i was the one to have brought that moment to be shared by the black community for the first time. Naturally, thats a great feeling. That was one of many feelings, of course that i had that night. I sat waiting for the envelope to be positioned my mind and my body to do the cosmetic response, which was, as soon as they had called Albert Finneys name, i was prepared to smile and applaud him. They and i started to. And i jumped up and i said, hey so, it was really some evening, some evening. I can tell ya. As our look back at the 1960s continues, well turn to the glamour, hollywoods most storied couples tied the knot. Plus, well look at the small screen as the caped crusader and the king of late night in the 1960s and even into the seventies, the single phrase liz and dick conjured up more glour, passion, and scandal than a whole chorus of kimyes and brangelinas. Than a whole chorus of kimyes and brangelinas. We look back at the romance of Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who married, for the first time, on march 15, 1964. Elizabeth taylor as cleopatra, siren of the nile Richard Burton as mark antony, brash, impetuous leader of onceinvincible legions antony and cleopatra are the most famous lovers in history,bs Elizabeth Taylor was already hollywood royalty, regarded as the most beautiful woman in the world, while burton was the brash and brilliant prodigy of british theater. When they arrived in rome to film joseph l. Manciewiczs epic film, each was married to someone else. Taylors husband of five years was singer eddie fisher. While burtons wife of eleven years was actress cybill williams. Butl all bets were off. Their affair began during filming, and caused a sensation. The paparazzi followed them everywhere. The storm of interest didnt remotely diminish when they finally tied the knot the following year. I remember many years ago saying to elizabeth because it took us some time to get married, because of divorces and so on, i said, well now, once were married well be just nobody will bother us anymore. well in fact it actually got worse. It got worse because they were anything but just a nice middleaged couple. Their tempestuous marriage was filled with fights and reconciliations, diamonds and yachts. The publics appetite for gossip about them was insatiable, and the press was a constant presence in their lives. Their only escape was in work and over the decade of their marriage they costarred in their greatest success together was whos afraid of virginia woolf, where they risked playing roles dramatically different from their glamorous public images. You keep away from me no, sir, this isnt a novel at all. This is the truth. This really happened, to me ill kill you it happened taylor won her second oscar for the film. Burton was also competition with each other, the demands of fame, the lack of privacy, and especially burtons rampant drinking all combined, over time to drive the couple apart. In 1974 ironically just after co starring in a movie called divorce his, divorce hers, they divorced in real life only to remarry a little over a year later. But their second marriage faltered almost immediately, marriage faltered almost immediately, and rumors of a new split. Elizabeth Taylor Burton was her husbands greatest press agent. For three nights crowds had lined the sidewalks outde the broadway theater where burton was previewing his starring role in equus. they were waiting for liz. And this was the scene last friday when she finally arrived. But even before his equus role officially begins, burton seems to have lost one main crowd draw. On monday night, he succintly confirmed a split. Can we ask you a few questions . Just one second sir. Just a few questions. Is it true youre separated from liz taylor . Yes. Will you be getting a divorce . They did get a divorce, and this time, each almost immediately married someone else, taylor choosing upcoming senator john warner. But the public wasnt willing to separate liz and dick in their hearts. Elizabeth is fifty, famously, fifty years old, and im 56. And we still dont understand why people are intrigued, or whatever it is, by the combination of elizabeth and myself. In 1983 they gave the audience what it wanted costarring on broadway in noel cowards private lives, a comedy about a dazzling middleaged divorced couple. It was the first time theyd shared a stage and the last time they would ever work together. Burton died a year later at 5Elizabeth Taylor survl 2011. Before she died at age she left instructions that she be buried with the last love letter Richard Burton ever wrote her. When our journey continues, the rise of a womens fashion trend that showed more leg than ever. The mini skirt. And well take you back to when the man who became known to the world as muhammad ali delivered a stunning upset. Plus, how a farm in upstate to something that was so much more than a Music Festival. Its all today on through the ive been a customer for a year, and it seems my bill has doubled. Yeah, you signed a twoyear contract. That first year was just a promotional price. Whos on the line . Another call about a bill. Shes not happy with our price increase. Oh please hold. Hello . Hello . I can hear you to move on from satellite. No contracts with builtin price increases. Just reliable tv. Now a through the decades get time warner cable. Moment in time from august of 1967 as cbs news Harry Reasoner covers san franciscos growing Hippie Movement, reasoner covers san franciscos growing Hippie Movement, including the grateful dead. The hippies are capable of extremely hard work even though they tend to approach work as the rest of us do sport. Some of them are very sucessful. This is the house of a popular local band which plays hard rock music. They call themselves the grateful dead. They live together comfortably in what could be called affluence. There many other similar houses in places where employers do not mind bizarre dress or long hair. The grateful dead, themselves, acknowledge they have used lsd. Warren wallace asked them what they thought the Hippie Movement was trying to accomplish. What were thinkina peaceful planet. Were not thinking about anything else. Were not thinking about any kind of power. Were not thinking about any of those kind of struggles. Were not thinking of revolution or war or any of that. Thats not what we want. Nobody wants to get hurt. Nobodyts would all like to be able to live an uncluttered life. A simple life. A good life. You know and like think about moving the whole human race ahead a step or a few steps. Or a half a step or anything. Yeah, or a half a step. Or anything. So at least its not going around in circles like it is now. Do you think that your movement or your idea, the hippie idea, is essentially connected up with drugs . Yeah, i would say that thats a large part of the framework. I think most of the people who yeah, but its not a dope movement. Were not trying to spread dope. I think, personally, that the more people turn on the better world its going to be. We were talking before about a way of being and one of the ways of achieving that being is through. Through drugs. Expanding your consciousness. Changing yourself. Yeah but most of us have given up the psychadelic drugs anyway. Yeah right, well weve learned something fromm and no with that knowledge. What did you learn . Well, its. You can point out the example that the people that live in the community and you know play around with dope and stuff like that, they dont have wars you know and they dont have a lot of the problems that the Larger Society has. In essence, the scene has grown up with us and we have grown up with the scene. Weve all grown up together and uh. Right, cause we know what were trying to do. Were tryin laughter on february 25, 1964, a young, ambitious fighter stepped into the ring to square off against the burly and intimidating sonny liston. The odds were stacked in listons favor but when the night was over, all expectations wersh disbelief was a boxer the world would come to know as muhammad ali. You tell joe louis and sonny liston that im here with sugar ray joe louis was flatfooted and sonny liston is flat footed sugar ray and i are two pretty dancers; we cant be beat 22 year old cassius clay was his loud mouth. After going undefeated in his first nineteen professional fights, clay earned the chance to challenge heavyweight champion sonny liston. Liston was formiddable with a left hook simply described as lethal. Twice, hetaken down former champ Floyd Patterson in one round, and his next opponent, the young, eager and loquacious cassius clay, wasnt expe to be much of a match. Cassius clay, wasnt expe to be much of a match. But there was at least one person who was certain liston would suffer defeat. You tell this to your camera, your tv man, your radio man, and you right there and the world, if sonny liston whups me, ill kiss his feet in the ring, crawl out of the ring on my knees, tell him hes the greatest and catch the next jet out of the country. Thats what i think about sonny liston in the weeks leading up to the fight clay continually taunted calling him a big, ugly bear too slow to keep up with clays nimbleness, a style he famously likened to a combination between a bee and a butterfly. Float like a butterfly and sting like a bee ahhhhh, rumble young man, rumble ahhhh but clays cocky attitude did little to persuade the 58 sportswriters polled before the fight. Only three predicted clays victory. Resented. Man, i aint scared. Ill come to your house at two oclock in the morning looking