On february 4, 1943, at one in the morning , a detachment of paratroopers under the command of major kunikov of our marines landed on this rocky coast in the vicinity of novorossiysk. The landing lasted only 2 minutes. After that, our assault groups began to move rapidly towards the city. 10 enemy dugouts were destroyed immediately kunikov managed to capture a bridgehead up to 3 km wide. Had to stop due to lack of ammunition and lack of reserves. The history of the famous malaya zemlya every year on february 3 in novorossiysk residents of Leninsky Prospekt light candles of memory and put them in the windows of their houses. This is how the action beskozyrka begins in the city; it is dedicated to the heroes of the black sea, who in 1943 captured a bridgehead on the southern outskirts of the city, called malaya zemlya. A car with a torch lit from the eternal flame slowly moving along the avenue to the landing site of the legendary landing. Behind her are columns of novorossiysk people with candles and lamps. More than 50,000 people took part in the procession this year. Action beskozirka was born in 1968, it was invented by members of the literary and youth club of a schooner of the same age, then for the first time they lit several homemade torches and at night, together with a participant in the landing, nurse elena ostapenko, passed through the city to malaya zemlya. In the City Committee of the party , the night marches were initially wary of the Peoples Initiative youth. Yes, even in the area of the border zone then they were not encouraged, but many, including border guards, supported the guys. After 3 years , the action of beskozyrka received an official status and thousands of novorossiysk people took part in it. Alexander evgenievna zalomova, born in novorossiysk in 1927, now 96 years old , together with her relatives, she hid in the basement from german bombs and shells. In february forty third, alexandra evgenievna saw how furiously the nazis tried to throw the defenders of malaya zemlya into the sea. It was impossible to rise all the shelves lay there day and night in this ruined place, because the fiery rain was an endless plane. She flew, you know, what time and right over this malaya zemlya, you can see them, how they release these bombs , you understand, and then theres nothing to breathe with such dust. You see, three or four days. Thats worth the dust. Needless to say, theres nothing here. Everything is broken, imagine the earth every year on february 3, alexandra evgenievna puts a candle on the window in memory of those who defended and liberated novorossiysk during the great patriotic war. I stand by what the columns go and i see that there are a lot of people there , you understand her granddaughter alone stood for so long with me, my grandmother, my grandmother was some kind of terrible. Im scared. I dont want to even talk to you. Yes, thanks people go. At least as they say, those are yours. In general, all to be. 80 years ago, on the same dank february night, on this shore , the first heroes of malaya zemlya died in memory of them and everyone who defended this piece of native land. For 235 days, novorossiysk people lower their peakless cap into the sea. A symbol of living folk memory and the immortality of departed heroes 1942 hitler then 86 of all soviet oil was produced in this region. In addition to her, the fuhrer ordered his troops to capture everything caucasian. Coast to take full control of the black sea. Despite the fact that from a geographical point of view, novorossiysk may seem to be somewhere in the country from the main theater, but in fact we must look from another for this Strategic Point for control of the foothills of the north caucasus and for control. In general, in general, most of the black sea coast in this region. Well, plus already equipped naval base, which by that time was actually there. This value, novorossiysk retains now, so this is the key to the entire vast region, where the germans wanted to stay for a long time, and maybe forever. In front of you are rare shots of novorossiysk from a birds eye view, they were filmed by a german cameraman during another raid on the city in august 1942. After the fall of odessa and sevastopol , novorossiysk became the main base for our black sea fleet. The romanians helped the germans to storm the city. Having an overwhelming superiority in tanks and artillery september 6, 1942, the nazis managed to break into the city. This is the palace of culture of tsementnikov in the eastern part of novorossiysk; its grand opening was scheduled for june 22, 1941. During the sunday concert, the audience had to see how the first stage in the city, equipped with a rotating circle, works. Well, because of the outbreak of the war , all the performances of the artists had to be canceled. Since then, not a single concert has taken place here during the battles for novorossiysk for some time the palace of culture was located our military hospital, but when the germans broke into the city he had to be urgently evacuated. After the war , it was decided to leave the ruins of the tsementnikov palace of culture in memory of the fierce battles that took place here. Historians compared street fighting in novorossiysk to stalingrad in terms of persistence and ferocity. In the city , 95 of all buildings were completely or partially destroyed. On september 11, 1942, the sovenformburo announced that novorossiysk had been surrendered . But the bitter news was premature. At the last moment , our troops managed to stop the germans on east coast of the city in the area of cement plants. Today, at the turn, beyond which the nazis could not pass, there is a mangled wagon. A silent witness of the autumn battles of 1942 after the war , experts counted 10,000 holes in it. Preparations for the liberation of novorossiysk began in january 1943. The soviet command planned to return the strategic port under our control as soon as possible. Sudden strikes against the enemy were supposed to be delivered in several places at once. On land 47, the army had to break through the German Defenses and go around novorossiysk from the northeast. Simultaneously from the sea. Germans. Two of our Landing Forces were supposed to attack, one demonstrative in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village and the main one near the south lake, now south lake. Today the main landing site is this pebble beach, 12 km from the center of novorossiysk according to the historian roman taldykin, the landing operation immediately went wrong here and ended in tragedy. The main reason for the failure was the uncoordinated actions of the commander of the black sea fleet, vice admiral oktyabrsky and his subordinates, as a result , the firing positions of the germans were not suppressed, and the paratroopers who landed on the shore found themselves in death traps. From the quotes of the bolides of economic boats, it was possible to land about 1,500 marines of the tankers and unload 16 tanks, and on the shore, the line of trenches by the enemy soldiers was prickly, wire and minefields, better than a searchlight and heavy fire at pointblank range and the rifle machinegun, namely the mettle and artillery, this fire practically did not leave them a chance to stay alive preserved footage of the german propaganda newsreel filmed after the battle in the south ozerka area. They clearly show the light american stuart tanks, with the help of which it was supposed to quickly break through the German Defenses. On the right flank of the landing , the tugboat gelendzhik successfully brought the first linder to the shore, 10 tanks were unloaded and the marines disembarked. This group, where there were about 300 marines, with the support of seven tanks, immediately broke through the enemys turns and left the consequences of glazing, having received a command at the encirclement exhibitions, 158 people from this group were able to reach the small land second balindr. The third leader approached the shore sideways and the tanks could not unload. The leader approached the shore even more to the left of it, that is , all the tanks look and the second part of the Landing Force managed to break through. I give outside the village and kept the equipment here. Good luck ended and the landing of a detachment of our paratroopers in the german rear. Of the fiftyseven men dropped in the area, one in two died or went missing. The removal from the post of the commander of the black sea fleet of oktyabrsky was the result of the landing operation. Here we can say for sure that alive there were more than 300 participants in the landing. Here respect and pride for those people who gave their lives. The mass grave of our fighters who died in the battles for the south ozereevka is located at the place where the line of German Defense once passed exactly here in february 1943. The main forces of our Landing Force managed to break through. Today, the ashes of 775 soviet war marines , tankers, sailors of dead ships and paratroopers rest here, the work of establishing names continues to this day. The biggest success was achieved by a small landing detachment, landed on the southern outskirts of novorossiysk in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village. According to the plan of the soviet command, he was supposed to distract the germans from other directions and therefore was considered demonstrative. But in the end , it was he who had to become the main one. Acting swiftly and professionally, our marines managed to capture a bridgehead, which would later be called a small land. In soviet times , a memorial was built on the site of the legendary landing. The symbolic prow of the boat crashes into the stony coast of tsemeskoy bays, in fact, boats, could not come close to the shore, the paratroopers jumped into the icy february water. Where on the waist, and where on the chest. After that, in soaking wet padded jackets and pea coats in pitch darkness, they broke through the enemy defenses and managed to hold the captured bridgehead until reinforcements arrived. Under him , there were 272 of them, according to another 275 people. Major caesar lvovich commanded the desperate brave men of Caesar Kunikov, who eventually hooked his tiny small land. We need to remember everything special gratitude for the lawyers in itself this is a representative of that military generation of people who actually created the victory, which actually won. That is, it was people who hmm a could break into any defense. They could go to their death, realizing that this was necessary for the common victory; this was a special military generation. Caesar lvovich kunikov was born in rostovondon in 1909 and before the war was a purely civilian person. Having received an engineering education, he went from a foreman of the turning department to the head of a department in two peoples commissariats of the director of Scientific Institute and executive editor of the allunion Mechanical Engineering newspaper. At the beginning of the war, despite the armor of the horsemen, he went to the front. Here, thanks to his personal courage and talent as an organizer, he became the commander of a marine battalion. And his bold sabotage operations near mariupol , taganrog, kerch and rostovondon among the sailors of the black sea were legendary. To conduct a night battle, kunikov developed his own methods of training the personnel of future paratroopers. The major personally selected only volunteers into the detachment these were the best fighters at the Russian Naval base, the defenders of odessa and sevastopol, the participants in the feodosia and kerch landings, the heroes of the battles on taman and novorossiysk, after that, daily grueling training began on the kulikov system , the landing techniques that he used in gelendzhik some of them are still for the time being, this is considered unique. For example , the definition of the eyes, that is, there were many such interesting moments, and all the fighters of his detachment, which he selected each one in each, communicated, and they should have been able to own all kinds of weapons. Thanks to the brilliant pen, kunikovs detachment was able not only to break through well fortified enemy positions, but also to repel many enemy attacks already on the first day. Each paratrooper had 800 rounds of ammunition, an automatic machine of 8 lemons and an antitank grenade. The squad of 10 people had one machine gun and two sniper rifles. In a night battle , the marines distinguished their own by a white armband on their left arm. The paratroopers were especially useful in the skills of owning captured weapons, about which kunikov wrote in a memo. Fighters and use it in difficult times, study it as your own useful in battle. He reported that his fighters managed to recapture six cannons from the germans, four of which were immediately brought into battle to repulse. Thanks to this, it was possible not only to defend the enemys attacks. Well, destroy the first day more than 1,000 nazis. After the transfer of fresh reinforcements, our troops managed not only to finally gain a foothold on the bridgehead, but also to expand it by capturing several blocks in the southern part of novorossiysk during the battles , the area of malaya zemlya changed from 20 to 32 km our Coastal Artillery played a huge role in the success of the landing. From the first day , an uninterrupted connection was established between the kunikov detachment and the batteries located on the eastern coast of the tsimeska bay, which made it possible to adjust the fire back. This is the famous battery number 394, it was built in july 1941 in the area between gelendzhik and novorossiysk during the war , it was called the traffic controller. Zubkovskaya, the battery played an outstanding role not only in the battles for novorossiysk nu and in the capture of the bridgehead on may, zemlya on february 4, 1943 a year from here, a devastating blow was delivered to enemy positions on the western shore of the tsimes bay. Coastal batteries of the Novorossiysk Naval base, which operated during the war, have come down to us, only the zubkov battery was armed with four 100 mm naval guns. Each of them hit aiming at 22 km. Graduation of the Sevastopol NavalArtillery School andrei emmanuilovich zubkov was only 23 years old when in the forty first he was appointed to command 394 batteries. During the battles for novorossiysk, he demonstrate fantastic shooting accuracy. The fire of the zubkov guns will hit even single german vehicles on the streets of the city. So andrey manuilovich will receive the nickname of a traffic controller. Due to the wellaimed deadly fire of our artillerymen, the occupiers were never able to use the novorossiysk port and establish the work of the railway. The german command more than once tried to destroy the battery. Zubkova sent amphibious assaults and delivered massive artillery and bombing strikes. So on april 19, fortythird, on this slope was raided by a total of 400 nazi junkers and henkel. But after each bombing, the damaged barrels were replaced with new ones, and the battery again opened fire on the enemy. Today , only a small section of the undeveloped coast remained from the heroic bridgehead. It was specially preserved for posterity as a reminder of what kind of hell the defenders of malaya zemlya had to go through decades ago. Every meter of our bridgehead was shot through by the enemy. The delivery of reinforcements of food and ammunition took place only at night. Therefore, especially in the first weeks of the fighting, our soldiers had to suffer severely from hunger and thirst in the first days were the most difficult , it was necessary to evacuate the wounded, but they equipped the building of the fish factory for an evacuation point , these old baths for salting fish used kakras and there are memories that they collected water for the wounded from the snow the snow was drowned , the snow was brown, because the snow was mixed with blood, bread was often not enough. They made such a talker, you know, they mixed flour with water , there were cases of scurvy, night blindness, and there was even such a thing as, uh, little land class, that is, they made special decoctions on grape leaves in order to fight these ailments, and they also made coniferous decoctions, that is, our fighters somehow got out. In these inhuman conditions, the defenders of malaya zemlya demonstrated miracles of fortitude and heroism. Only hero of the soviet union 21 people on malaya zemlya, probably, many combined arms operations cannot boast of such a huge number of people who received the highest award. We must remember with you that the hero of the soviet council. They just didnt give it. This it took really personal courage. E with a threat to life with a wound about that and posthumously we know with you the posthumous award to win this highest military valor award. Therefore , this is just the same and emphasizes the significance and importance of malaya zemlya , these shots were filmed in leningrad on may 9, 1987. Ahead of the column of veterans is a man without both legs on a makeshift wheelchair. This is marine anatoly leopoldovich golembievsky. In 1941, he defended odessa and crimea a in the fortythird as part of the landing a detachment under the command of Caesar Kunikov participated in the capture of the malaya zemlya bridgehead. In the autumn of the same year, he was wounded in both legs and again in the right hand, despite this, galimpievskiy continued to hold the line in a captured enemy umbrella. A few days after the injury , doctors evacuated him to the gelendzhik marine hospital, having discovered gas gangrene , both of his legs were amputated. At that moment, anatoly was only 22 years old. But he was not a spirit. In the hospital, he was looked after by a georgian girl, a mertz nurse kolontase, she fell in love with a cheerful leningrad guy and later became his wife. Their daughter tamara was born together they will live happily all their lives, returning to their native leningrad anatoly leopoldovich. He graduated from a technical school, and later became a leading engineer in the laboratory of the Research Institute of metrology named after mendeleev, his colleagues called him the master of golden hands galimpievskiy not only invented and manufactured various devices for the needs of the institute, but also willingly repaired broken tvs for friends. Thats how everything is, everything is all for work, and around the city anatoly leopoldovich drove a zaporozhets, then on the volga, which he himself converted to manual control. In addition to technology, his second passion was music