million people, the virus was spreading. at first it seemed like a local problem. >> a newly identified deadly virus from china. >> the 45 cases have been reported in china, including two deaths. >> the chinese city of wuhan locked down. more than 600 infected. and it's spreading fast. fear it could spread further. >> it was over there, in china, where frankly they've had a lot of outbreaks over the years. >> china has reported 136 cases of the bird flu. >> emergence of the h10 and 8 strain follows that of the fatal h7 and 9 strain last year. >> the authorities are closing poultry markets in guangdong. >> china's desperate bid to control the latest bird flu virus. >> but this was no bird flu and the world soon began to take notice. st. mary's hospital in london has a long and storied history fighting disease. penicillin was discovered here in 1928. it revolutionized medicine. today, researchers here from imperial college are working for another radical breakthrough. >> i think we will see technology that completely changes the way vaccines are being made, and covid-19 is allowing us to try this technology. >> back in january, professor robin shattock was watching the news coming out of china with growing concern. >> at that stage it wasn't a pandemic. it was an outbreak in wuhan. at that stage when you've got a few thousand cases, it could be a blip, it could go away. >> why did you think that it would just be a china bug instead of a worldwide pandemic initially? >> because we've often seen small outbreaks of different viruses that come and disappear. >> but this virus wasn't disappearing. it was multiplying exponentially. >> when i heard about wuhan, i didn't pay that much attention to it until it was clear that it was escalating. >> professor peter piot has spent his long and celebrated career fighting infectious diseases. he and a colleague discovered ebola in the 1970s. piot was a pioneer in the battle against hiv and aids. >> for years i have been saying we have to be prepared for the next big one, an epidemic of a new virus that is transmitted airborne, respiratory transmitted and we are not prepared for it. sars killed hundreds of people but it was respiratory transmitted. and i saw in wuhan there were already far more cases than we had in total, had had with sars. and then i thought we're in trouble. >> i think it became that global pandemic because it's transmitted so easily. you've got asymptomatic transmission. and so it was almost impossible to lock the world down in a way that would have kept it contained in one part of the world. >> is that its hidden strength, that it can be passed on by people who don't know they're sick? >> yeah. i think that's the reason it got transmitted very efficiently. >> as the virus spread from one unsuspecting carrier to the next, china swung into action. its first move was to silence and discredit the doctor who sounded the alarm. when that didn't work, the government swooped in with all its authoritarian might. if you had a fever, you were found. and if you refused to go quietly, you were rounded up. and if you still refused, you were barricaded inside your home. but china did something else that few people noticed. it made a call for help, an appeal to the world, written in genetic code. >> each virus, just as each individual, we have a unique set of nucleic acids. this is the genetic code that really makes who we are in addition to our environment and our education. and you can identify a virus exactly on that kind of code. >> just like people, viruses are biological formulas. they are nothing more than strings of genetic code. and on january 10th, just weeks into the outbreak, chinese researchers did something extraordinary. they cracked the virus's code and published that code online. >> on the basis of that sequence you can also tell which parts of the virus are going to be important for the immune response, how we react to it. if you have that sequence, you can do a lot of things. >> that really provided everybody in the world with a blueprint that they could use for their different vaccine technologies. in many ways, that was firing the starting gun for all these different vaccine candidates. ♪ >> this is the code china published online. this is sars-cov-2. 30,000 characters. the exact formula for what has been disrupting all of our lives and killed more than a million people. by putting the formula online, china was saying to the world, here's the enemy, now help us defeat it. well, the best and brightest minds saw what china had posted and took up that challenge. >> once you have that code, the first thing you can do is to say this is new, we've never seen this virus before. and on the basis of that code you can replicate it in the lab. >> we felt actually we should stand up to the plate and make a vaccine. but that's when we started to get going. >> the race for a vaccine had now begun. and the first step was understanding the virus in minute detail. the coronavirus is a tiny sphere, so tiny that 100 million of them can fit on a pinhead. >> you can't see them under a normal microscope. viruses cannot survive without a living cell, whether that's animal or human or a plant cell, because they are incomplete in their survival mechanism. and that's why they always will be looking for human beings in the case of human viruses to survive. >> the coronavirus has a unique way of getting into our cells, through the spikes that act like little claws. >> they're called coronaviruses for a reason. you know, it's a crown with spikes. and it's these spikes that really are going to penetrate into the cells. >> they work as a kind of attachment process to gain entry into cells. so if you didn't have those bits on the surface, the virus would be dead. >> because it would be smooth. it would just move along, it wouldn't attach to anything. >> so the surface protein that the spikes recognize a receptor allows the virus to dock onto cells, gain entry into those cells, and initiate the infection process. >> the spikes are the virus's greatest weapon, but they are also its greatest weakness. and these tiny spikes are the target of every major vaccine in development. vaccines were first invented to treat smallpox 200 years ago by the british doctor edward jenner. >> generations of british children were vaccinated against smallpox. >> the national academy of sciences says there was not a single case of smallpox reported anywhere on this planet last year. >> and since they were first introduced, vaccines have barely changed. >> vaccines are actually biological products that try to mimic a natural infection. so you inject could be against measles or whatever, it's a fake infection. you fool the immune system. the immune system thinks that oh, i'm infected with measles. >> most of the vaccines we get and give our children today are for mumps, measles and rubella are simply dead or weakened versions of the harmful viruses. we trick our bodies into thinking they've been infected to trigger an immune response. our bodies do the rest. vaccines have saved more lives than any other medical discovery in human history. making vaccines has been a slow and labor-intensive process. they had to be grown, often in chicken eggs, one at a time. now, technology is changing everything. in the race for the covid vaccine, scientists are going right to the genetic code. there are more than 100 vaccines in development. they have different approaches, but they all have the same goal, to get our bodies to recognize those little spikes and prevent them from locking on. >> our body reacts because it's a foreign invasion. and one part of the defense are so-called antibodies. these are the ground troops. what they do is they protect the cell by basically coating the whole virus with antibodies so that the virus can't penetrate the cells. >> these antibodies lock onto the surface of the virus onto those spikes and mean that the virus can no longer get into the cell. so it's keeping it outside of the cells and rendering it noninfectious. >> finding a vaccine is the key to reopening our societies. it is the holy grail of medicine today. and the biggest surprise may be that scientists created a vaccine almost as soon as the virus broke out. back in january, when china published the genetic code online, professor shattock fed those 30,000 characters into a computer. the next day, he had a design for the vaccine, a recipe on a computer at least to kill the coronavirus. >> that's the speed at which people can move in terms of that design element. then the next thing is to take that computer-designed construct and actually put it together in a laboratory. >> to take it off of the computer screen and put it into the real world. >> yes. and that took a couple of weeks, to do that, to verify that it was working in the laboratory and then start looking at whether it actually induced an immune response in animals. >> but even that's mind-blowing. so you get the formula. in a day the computer spits out a code for the vaccine. and then just a few weeks later you have a product, a liquid in the real world that is a prototype vaccine. >> yeah. >> so here at this unassuming lab and at several laboratories worldwide, scientists had not just an idea for the vaccine, but a real prototype vaccine capable of neutralizing the coronavirus within weeks of the outbreak. >> but what we didn't know is whether it would work. whether it was safe. now, the real challenge is will it produce the right immune response in humans, and then will it be protective. >> and herein lies the problem. scientists were sure they could kill the virus, but would the cure kill us in the process? at the end of january, dozens of laboratories in asia, europe and the united states were focused on making a vaccine that was both safe and effective for the entire world. with so much at stake and so much to gain, the race for the vaccine got dirty with false claims, propaganda and cyber attacks. >> whoever obtains the vaccine first, not only obtaining the actual vaccine, manufacture, it put it in a vial, distribute, it all the way to inoculation in hundreds of millions of doses, is going to be the geopolitical leader of the world. some hot cocoa? mom, look! are you okay? head home this holiday with the one you love. visit your local mercedes-benz dealer today for exceptional lease and financing offers at the mercedes-benz winter event. joint pain, swelling, temy psoriasis. cosentyx works on all of this. cosentyx can help you look and feel better by treating the multiple symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. don't use if you're allergic to cosentyx. before starting, get checked for tuberculosis. an increased risk of infections and lowered ability to fight them may occur. tell your doctor about an infection or symptoms, if your inflammatory bowel disease symptoms develop or worsen, or if you've had a vaccine, or plan to. serious allergic reactions may occur. watch me! get real relief with cosentyx. and then there's the best. we like cage free, and which ones just taste fresher and more flavorful? only eggland's best. we prefer organic, and which ones have 6 times more vitamin d and 25% less saturated fat? only eggland's best. my family deserves the best, and which egg is the best in so many ways? only eggland's best. better taste, better nutrition, better eggs. don't settle for silver #1 for diabetic dry skin* #1 for psoriasis symptom relief* and #1 for eczema symptom relief* gold bond champion your skin (burk(customer)nd deep-something like that... (burke) well, here's something else: with your farmer's policy perk, new car replacement, you can get a new one. (customer) that is something else. (burke) get a whole lot of something with farmers policy perks. ♪ we are farmers. bum-pa-dum, bum-bum-bum-bum ♪ but you can work out anything wowith comcast business.w. get fast, reliable, and secure internet on the nation's largest gig speed network. flexible tools - like wi-fi you control. voice solutions that connect you from anywhere. and expert advice here, here, or even here. be fast. be flexible. bounce forward with comcast business. get started with a powerful internet and voice solution for just $64.90 a month. plus, for a limited time, ask how to get a $500 prepaid card when you upgrade. switch today. in the summer of 2020, russia surpassed 1 million coronavirus cases. the kremlin had initially downplayed the pandemic and paid a price for it. but then president vladimir putin made a surprise announcement. >> a major medical milestone reached here in the past couple of hours. >> russia officially started rolling out a vaccine. >> if this claim turns out to be true, russia could be declared the pioneer -- >> putin has made no secret of russia's ambition to be the first to win the global vaccine race. >> russia christened its vaccine sputnik v, v for vaccine, named for the first satellite ever, launched into space by the soviet union. >> the epical scientific achievement by soviet russia in beating the united states of america in the race to launch the first manmade moon. >> putin launched a pr campaign with graphics showing how russia's vaccine would save the planet. >> translator: i know that our vaccine works effectively, forms a strong immunity. and i repeat, it has passed all the necessary checks. >> but that's not exactly true. every covid-19 vaccine candidate must go through at least three phases of human trials. phase one, is the drug safe for humans? a small number of brave volunteers try the drug to see if research should continue. phase two, an expanded number of volunteers take the vaccine, their health monitored regularly. and phase three, does it work on a large scale? tens of thousands of volunteers are given the vaccine to check for adverse reactions, which could be rare, but important when trying to vaccinate the entire world. russia only went to phase two and declared victory. >> i don't find it acceptable that you take shortcuts, injecting lots of people with materials that have not been really well documented for efficacy and safety is not something that would be acceptable here. if we would try to do that, it would be not only unethical, but also it would deter people from being vaccinated. >> if i didn't believe in the vaccine, if i didn't understand the science behind it, i would never have injected myself with it. >> kirill dmitriev is the head of a russian state-controlled investment fund. he's part of putin's inner circle, and he's the pitch man for russia's main vaccine. what would you say to people who are skeptical, say i don't want to take some russian vaccine that's been rushed through the system? >> of course, people will have a choice. i think, again, we need to make sure that different countries have a choice, have all of the data available. you know, we could have been very hidden about our vaccine. we could have just vaccinated our people, not sharing the nature of the vaccine, not sharing information. but this is not the approach we are taking and i think, again, this is something that has to be respected. >> putin said he even gave his daughter the vaccine. putin has two daughters. he's very secretive about them. one is believed to be a scientist. the other, a competitive rock 'n' roll dancer. he didn't say which one took the vaccine. russia wasn't alone. china has gone even further. it has begun rolling out its vaccines, giving doses to medical personnel, the military and students. china seems to be doing some phase three trials, the ones that test for side effects in large populations, on its own people. >> clearly, the national prestige, projection of scientific prowess, my system of government is better than yours, capitalism versus communism, all of that is at play. i think that the race for a covid vaccine is the race for the moon on steroids. >> lawrence gostin is a professor of global health law at georgetown university. he was also on the board for pandemics at the world health organization. >> it really is becoming a geopolitical race for bragging and boasting rights. >> i don't think we should fool anyone to think there is a collaborative mindset across the globe with nation states in this effort. it's a battle space economically, geopolitically and medically. >> bill evanina is the top counterintelligence official in the united states. he's the u.s. government's most senior spy hunter. >> we continue to see efforts by both russia and china and others to not only beat us to the race with producing the vaccine, but also aggressive attempts to steal what we are producing in the trial faces, in the research and development phase. >> is right now the vaccine the primary target that hackers and cyber spies are trying to discover, steal? >> there's probably not a whole lot that's more important in the world right now than the race for this vaccine. ♪ >> hackers almost certainly linked to russian intelligence have been targeting scientists in britain who are carrying out research into a vaccine for coronavirus. >> we've sort of been seeing targeting from a whole range of actors. the one we called out specifically was russia. >> paul chichester heads operations at the uk's cybersecurity division at gchq, britain's equivalent to the nsa. >> we really saw sort of a pivot, if you like, from perhaps more traditional targets to take an interest in the uk's response to coronavirus when sort of the world was really i think realizing just the significance and importance of the situation that it found itself in. >> chichester's unit spent months monitoring russia as its agents picked and probed the computer systems of the united kingdom's top laboratories. these are direct operatives working for the government? >> in this instance, we believe it is russian intelligence services directly. >> british officials say they caught the russians as they tried to steal data from oxford university and its vaccine manufacturing partner, astrazeneca. >> in terms of dirty tricks, i mean, specifically what we've seen and assessed is potentially theft of intellectual property and the data behind trials and some of the research. >> american authorities and british authorities have accused russia of hacking, of trying to steal scientific information regarding vaccines. what do you say to that? >> i think false accusations are by some of the people who are afraid of russia having sort of a sputnik moment with the vaccine. of being the first out there when there is nobody else out there. but we, again, are not focused on being the first. we are focused on international cooperation and we believe in the time of such difficulty the world needs to put the previous political barriers and biases aside. >> but while russia claims to be the epitome of global cooperation, state media have spread disinformation and cartoons smearing rival vaccines, suggesting they could turn you into monkeys. how successful have they been? how much have they managed to steal, how much have they managed to disrupt, destroy, confuse? >> i really can't get into what they've potentially stolen or what their operational success is, but let's just say they've been super aggressive. some in our community would say a lot of the work being done in russia and china has already been predicated upon stolen research here in the u.s. >> how do you know that? >> we see a lot of the same signatures on our vaccines as we see on their vaccines. there's only one place they could have gotten it from. >> in july the u.s. government formally accused two chinese government-linked hackers of stealing american covid vaccine research. the u.s. also ordered closed the chinese consulate in houston, texas, labeling it a center of espionage. as chinese officials were leaving, consulate staff could be seen burning what appear to be documents outside the building. >> i would say covid right now has become the geopolitical economic battle space as we move forward to the next couple years. (vo) when subaru shares the love, good things happen... over sixty-four thousand pets supported. over twenty-five hundred wishes granted. over two million meals provided. over four hundred national parks protected. in fact, subaru and our retailers will have proudly donated over two hundred million dollars to national and hometown charities through the subaru share the love event. (vo) get 0% for 63 months and subaru will donate 250 dollars to charity. and ask your doctor about biktarvy. biktarvy is a complete, one-pill, once-a-day treatment used for h-i-v in certain adults. it's not a cure, but with one small pill, biktarvy fights h-i-v to help you get to and stay undetectable. that's when the amount of virus is so low it cannot be measured by a lab test. research shows people who take h-i-v treatment every day and get to and stay undetectable can no longer transmit h-i-v through sex. serious side effects can occur, including kidney problems and kidney failure. rare, life-threatening side effects include a buildup of lactic acid and liver problems. do not take biktarvy if you take dofetilide or rifampin. tell your doctor about all the medicines and supplements you take, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have kidney or liver problems, including hepatitis. if you have hepatitis b, do not stop taking biktarvy without talking to your doctor. common side effects were diarrhea, nausea, and headache. if you're living with hiv, keep loving who you are. and ask your doctor if biktarvy is right for you. if you're living with hiv, keep loving who you are. with this seal, this restaurant is committing to higher levels of cleanliness. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ the expertise that helps keep hospitals clean, is helping keep businesses clean too. look for the ecolab science certified seal. when panhe doesn't justs mmake a pizza. he uses fresh, clean ingredients to make a masterpiece. taste our delicious new flatbread pizzas today. panera. whoa! someone please help! of course. you're tenacious, i'll give you that! it's ok, i'm ok... [heavy breathing] where are you? coming! let's do this! yeaahh! it's on!! woooo! whoa... [heavy breathing] rated rp to t. to customizes yourcan gocar insurancetual.com so you only pay for what you need? really? i didn't-- aah! ok. i'm on vibrate. aaah! only pay for what you need. ♪ liberty. liberty. liberty. liberty. ♪ whoever wins the vaccine race may win the world, but they better hurry. >> infections now building across the country again. >> after a summer of low infection rates, europe is now seeing a rise. >> for the first time, every region of the world will face recession simultaneously. >> more than 30 million americans remain unemployed amid the coronavirus pandemic. >> as soon as we think we have one outbreak under control, another wave hits, bringing lockdowns, dividing families, destroying economies, killing well over a million and stretching our hospitals to a breaking point. coventry is in the heart of england. the industrial city was bombed heavily by the nazis in world war ii. now it's under attack by another enemy from the air, one intensive care nurse lisa malpiedi knows all too well. >> it feels like there's no end to it. we feel like we've come out of a dream-like sequence. we feel like it was like a nightmare. it only seems to be happening again. >> is that depressing? is that frightening? how do you understand it? >> it's anxiety. i think that's the feeling amongst most people. it's just this deep-rooted anxiety. and yet we're starting all over again. >> how are you holding up personally? >> okay. i've got an old victorian house that i'm renovating so that keeps me busy. when i come home from work, i sort my house out. i've got my family. i've got my children and my partner and my dog. they keep my spirits up. >> you're able to find some relief for the stress. >> both my children, 23 and 19, both had covid. they were both tested positive. they were quite sick at home. >> ready, steady. >> a vaccine, what would it mean for you? what would it mean to this hospital? >> a vaccine would be a lifesaver. >> would it give you more confidence? >> nurses and doctors feel quite anxious every time you come to work. you're putting yourself at risk and you're going home and putting your family at risk as well. >> and the risk is compounded over time. >> yes. every day you're having to risk. but now it's every day for months and months and months. >> and months. >> the only way to break this covid cycle is a vaccine. we know scientists had a prototype for a vaccine right at the beginning based on the virus's genetic code that china posted online. >> in some ways, the fast and easy part is making the vaccine, because it's all about genetic code and synthetic biology. so we were able to create a prototype within two weeks. so very, very quick. >> we're injecting biological materials in healthy people and we are going to inject that in billions of people who need it to save the world from this pandemic. so we can't take shortcuts. the only way to find out is to observe in the utmost detail tens of thousands of people for long enough that we have certainty that this vaccine is really safe. >> and the best place to test the vaccine is where the virus is out of control. covid hit south africa hard. >> south africa has reported a sharp rise in the number of coronavirus infections. nearly 11,000 new cases were reported on saturday. >> south african officials have warned that the country's health system is approaching the brink. >> the coronavirus storm has indeed arrived, as we said it would. >> especially in the townships. elvis mathingua is a life insurance salesman in soweto, the township once famous for resisting apartheid. today it's battling covid. >> how are you? good. >> i just wanted to find a cure because now this covid-19 has changed south africa a lot. >> elvis is one of 5,000 south african volunteers taking part in trials for vaccines from the uk's astrazeneca and the american drug company novavax. elvis sees the trial as an opportunity to help his generation's struggle. >> i decided to volunteer to get this cure so that i can be able to assist the day all of south africa with this new vaccine that we are trying out now. >> but there's another reason elvis is volunteering. the trial comes with free health care. >> there's a lot of things that were happening to me besides the trial of the covid-19 because they will be testing like everything, the blood. because if you go to a doctor and want to do those tests personally, you pay a lot of money. we don't have that kind of money. >> but many south africans are angry. they feel drug companies are treating africans like guinea pigs. >> i'm not happy at all. this feels like 1981 all over again, or the 1980s all over again, when the aids pandemic broke out. it's a replay, but this time they're doing it in our face. >> resentment over testing in africa is turning people against the vaccine. >> would you take the vaccine? >> never. >> no. >> the vaccine for me is like they are going to kill black people. >> elvis's own family won't see him. >> like my big brother. i've told him on saturday that i started with the study of the vaccine. and then if you are -- on monday i'm going back there. let's go back there. he refused. he said no, no, don't go there. they'll inject you with this covid-19. >> but even with the virus raging in south africa, elvis never caught it. so researchers don't know if the vaccine he's taken works or not. his trial is inconclusive. in the united kingdom, they've come up with a controversial way to guarantee results. a secure wing has been set up at london's royal free hospital where volunteers will be infected with the coronavirus on purpose. 90 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 30 will come to the hospital, get vaccinated, and then tilt their heads back and be given tiny droplets of the coronavirus. in a normal trial the volunteers might never contract the virus. here the virus meets the vaccine every single time. which is why it's called a challenge trial. it's bold. it gets results. but it is not for the faint-hearted. >> instead of going about your everyday life in the community, you would instead have a stay in a biocontainment facility where you would be intentionally exposed to sars-cov-2. >> sophie rose is a graduate student from johns hopkins university living and studying in the uk. >> is anyone signing up to do this, raising their hand saying sure, infect me with coronavirus? >> over 30,000 people from 150 countries. we have found ourselves in a situation where we have hundreds of millions of people facing abject poverty. we have economies that are falling apart and countries that aren't functioning properly. and a lot of that really can't be resolved until we see a vaccine that is distributed on a level that we've never had to do before. we think it's of utmost importance that we get that happening as soon as possible because that gets us one day sooner to getting back to normal. >> what happens if one of these volunteers dies? >> when these sorts of trials are designed and you're consenting people and explaining how this works, they are definitely informed and it is acknowledged that there is a risk of death. >> you're not a supporter of challenge trials. why not? >> i'm not a supporter of challenge trials at the moment. because what do they do? they inject healthy volunteers with the virus for which we have no cure at the moment. if we would have a cure, an effective treatment, i would be all for it. >> but they're volunteers, young men and women sign up to go to war. >> that's a good point. but we also have medical ethics. and ethics say that you should not harm people if there are no backup to save them. can you go into experiments that used to be done that we don't do these days anymore. >> but no matter how much risk volunteers are willing to take, the vaccine's success or failure depends entirely on distribution. hey, dad! hey, son! no dad, it's a video call. you got to move the phone in front of you like... like it's a mirror, dad. you know? alright, okay. how's that? is that how you hold a mirror? [ding] power e*trade gives you an award-winning mobile app with powerful, easy-to-use tools and interactive charts to give you an edge, 24/7 support when you need it the most plus $0 commissions for online u.s. listed stocks. don't get mad. get e*trade and start trading today. don't get mad. get e*trade ythey customize yours lcar insurance. so you only pay for what you need. wow. that will save me lots of money. this game's boring. only pay for what you need. liberty. liberty. liberty. liberty. let's get checked for those around us. let's get checked for a full range of conditions. introducing letsgetchecked a health testing you do at home. let's get round the clock support from a team of nurses. let's get fast, accurate results. know your health. know yourself. order now at letsgetchecked dot com if your gums bleed when you brush, the answer is yes. the clock may be ticking towards worse... parodontax is 3x more effective at removing plaque, the main cause of bleeding gums parodontax for nearly a year scientists have been working at breakneck speed. >> drug companies are developing new vaccines at record speed. >> under normal circumstances, it would take more than ten years. >> but researchers think they could have a covid-19 vaccine in 12 to 18 months. >> modeling a vaccine on computers, bioengineering it and then testing it on armies of volunteers. but the vaccine will only work if lots and lots of people take it. >> look, covid anywhere is covid everywhere. >> bill and melinda gates have donated $6 billion to vaccination programs over the last 20 years. no two individuals have done more to champion the development of a covid vaccine. >> even if you vaccinate the entire midwest of the united states or every single person in our country, if you could get everybody to accept a vaccine, if you still have covid raging in another country, it's going to bounce back into our borders. >> viruses know no borders, don't need visas, passports, and so on. and as long as not all countries are free of covid, no country is safe. >> but if i've taken the vaccine, i'm safe. why do i care if the country to my north or south has the vaccine or not? >> vaccines are not going to be the silver bullet. it's unlikely that certainly the first generation of vaccines are going to protect 100%. the fda has said that if it protects 50% of people against severe disease and dying from it, then it can be approved. so it's not necessarily going to stop the spread of the virus. >> if you want to control the virus spread by blocking transmission, then you need to probably have very high rates of vaccination. that may need to be 70%, 80% of any population. >> it's like the fire brigade. if the house is on fire of your neighbor, you can't say i don't want to support the fire brigade because it's only my neighbor's home. no, we need it all. >> luckily, there is a worldwide fire brigade. >> the co-vax pillar aims to ensure that every country gets fair and equitable access to eventual covid-19 vaccines. >> its name is covax, an international vaccine coalition which may be the most important initiative today that most people have never heard of. american epidemiologist seth berkley is one of its creators. >> if the goal is to really end the pandemic, you have to take a global view. we know this started in wuhan as a point outbreak. and within a few months, we had cases in 180 countries. this is not a virus that's going to stay contained. it's going to continue to move around unless we can tamp it down. >> the covax initiative has a very specific plan to end the pandemic. >> the goal of this is to have 2 billion doses available by the end of 2021, of which a billion doses would go to high-income and upper middle-income countries and a billion doses to low and lower middle income countries. >> covax will distribute those initial 2 billion doses to the people most likely to spread the virus. >> so the idea would be to try to vaccinate health care workers across the world. that's a relatively small percentage of the population. but they're at highest risk. >> more than 175 countries so far have signed on to the covax plan. and one company is already making vaccines for the big rollout. >> there's always been a race for making vaccines or drugs for emerging diseases and other things. but to compress that in a matter of a year or two years, that's what's really unprecedented. >> adar poonawalla is the ceo of the serum institute, the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world. the company was founded by adar's father, cyrus, who first used horse blood to create vaccines in the 1960s. today the horses are for racing while the factory churns out 1.5 billion doses of vaccines a year for every known ailment. serum says 65% of all children in the world receive at least one of its vaccines. and now even as trials continue, they have deals to mass produce five different covid vaccines. two of them will be given to health care workers through the covax program. in exchange for making the vaccines for the world, india gets half. >> i made it very clear even to the indian government that it's better to have a 50-50 percent strategy where anything coming out every month 50% would go to my country and 50% to the rest of the world, because we do want the rest of the world to also restart. >> the city of pune with a population of more than 6 million is one of the hardest hit areas of india. you don't have to go far outside the factory gates to understand how badly india needs a vaccine. so does the united states. but president trump decided not to participate in covax and for the united states to go it alone instead with its own program called operation warp speed. >> is that right? is that the smart approach? >> no, that is not the smart approach. the u.s. should be not only participating but should be a leader at the table. >> how would you assess president trump's leadership in this time of covid? >> well, i was asked earlier during the pandemic for a specific rating and i gave a d-minus as a response. and i would say it hasn't changed. you know, if you're running a company there's the old adage of the buck stops here with the ceo. well, the buck stops with the leader of our country. so you lay this at his feet. he could have created a national testing plan with good contact tracing, isolation and quarantine. vietnam did that. look at their numbers. they're outstanding. look at germany. look at new zealand. we should expect that of our leader, not what we have been getting. >> but president trump has done much more than just opt out of the worldwide plan to defeat the pandemic. he's made so many false statements about the virus, many americans have become totally confused and skeptical. >> it goes away in april. >> all work out fine. >> no reason to be panicked. >> it's like a miracle. it will disappear. >> we have an invisible enemy. we have a problem. this is a pandemic. >> they can't handle the bodies. >> i think that's really dangerous. and if people don't have the absolute trust, we may end up with a situation where we have a vaccine but people say i don't want to take this. >> and if people are not willing to take a vaccine, there's no point in making one. since my dvt blood clot... i wasn't sure... was another around the corner? or could things go a different way? i wanted to help protect myself. my doctor recommended eliquis. eliquis is proven to treat and help prevent another dvt or pe blood clot. almost 98 percent of patients on eliquis didn't experience another. -and eliquis has significantly less major bleeding than the standard treatment. eliquis is fda-approved and has both. don't stop eliquis unless your doctor tells you to. eliquis can cause serious and in rare cases fatal bleeding. don't take eliquis if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. if you had a spinal injection while on eliquis call your doctor right away if you have tingling, numbness, or muscle weakness. while taking eliquis, you may bruise more easily- and it may take longer than usual for bleeding to stop. seek immediate medical care for sudden signs of bleeding, like unusual bruising. eliquis may increase your bleeding risk if you take certain medicines. tell your doctor about all planned medical or dental procedures. what's around the corner could be worth waiting for. ask your doctor about eliquis. is often unseen. because the pain you're feeling could be a sign of irreversible joint damage. every day you live with pain, swelling, and stiffness... you risk not being able to do the things you love. especially in these times, it's important to keep up with your rheumatologist. schedule an appointment today. it's i- [announcer] messes neither should your vacuum. typical vacuums have bristles that can leave gaps and wrap hair. so shark replaced bristles with flexible power fins. they directly engage floors and dig deep into carpets with duoclean power fins you can pick up more in every pass, for a better, faster clean. large and small particles, fine dust, and even hair with no hair wrap. shark vertex with duoclean power fins. pick up more in every pass. ♪ i went back to st. mary's hospital in london for one more visit. professor shattock had something to show me. something i'd been asking to see for a long time. and in an ultra cold freezer there it was, generation one of the covid vaccine. >> so this is the original prototype vaccine. it needs to be kept cold, so it can't be out of the freezer for too long, but that's where we started with our prototype, made in the laboratory. >> amazing. the tube containing the secret to potentially saving millions of lives wasn't even labeled. this was the first vaccine made back in january directly from the code from the virus china published online. there's hardly anything in it. >> that's because we're using a very low dose to vaccinate individuals. so you don't need much of the vaccine. >> this is actually very exciting for me. this is what we're all hoping for, waiting for, a vaccine for covid. and this is the gen 1. >> this is the original starting material that we have right at the beginning of our story. and we've gone from making it in the laboratory to industrializing it and making it at large scale so it can go into humans. but essentially, the vaccine design has not changed. >> so it's more or less the same. what you had in the very beginning is what we still have now. >> absolutely. and now we have thousands, tens of thousands of vials made in industrial scale that are being tested in the clinic. >> so is this little tube a bit of history? >> certainly a bit of history for us. >> well, maybe for the planet. >> that would be nice. >> in the next room, lab techs were preparing blood to test samples from volunteers who'd taken the vaccine. so far, so good. the key thing here is to see what, that they're still producing antibodies several weeks into the trials. >> exactly. that's it. we can see they went from no antibodies to a really high amount because of the vaccine. >> but shattock had one more thing to show me. so what is this? >> this is now one of the vials of the actual vaccine that is going into the volunteers. >> so this is a vaccine. >> this is a vaccine. no longer a prototype. >> that is going into human beings right now. >> that's going into human beings in our clinical trial. >> and it all started with that original prototype. >> it all started with that prototype. >> so when worldwide distribution begins, is that what's going to be going around the world? tiny little bottles like that? >> yes. >> and then you put a syringe in, pull them out -- >> and inject it. >> did you think you were going to get from there to there? >> this is an exciting step, for sure. every step of the way is an exciting step. but at every step you might have success or failure. >> but before leaving, in a biosecure part of the lab, i asked him the all-important question. when do you realistically think, generally, we're going to have a vaccine ready to go? >> i think we'll see the first candidates coming through by the beginning of next year, but it will still be a huge effort to make them available for everybody who needs them. ♪ >> there are several vaccines in the united states nearly identical to this one and at the same stage of development, so americans will get them. all of the vaccines about to be rolled out work more or less like the flu shots many of us already take. they won't make you permanently immune to the coronavirus. instead, they tamp down infection rates across populations. so for years to come, people will still likely die from covid-19 just like every year people continue to die from the flu. but scientists say once enough people take these vaccines, the pandemic will end and we'll all get our lives back. how long that takes now depends more on politicians and drug companies. but the scientists, they've done their part. taste our delicious new flatbread pizzas today. panera. damom, look!get sare you okay?? head home this holiday with the one you love. visit your local mercedes-benz dealer today for exceptional lease and financing offers at the mercedes-benz winter event. unlike ordinary memory want supplements-ter? neuriva has clinically proven ingredients that fuel 5 indicators of brain performance. memory, focus, accuracy, learning, and concentration. try our new gummies for 30 days and see the difference. new vizinc and elderberry mmies are fortified with to sustain a healthy immune system plus melatonin for restorative sleep because being run down, is not an option. recharge your nights to take on your days with new vicks immunity zzzs. ♪ birds flyin' high you know how i feel ♪ ♪ breeze drifting on by you know how i feel ♪ [man: coughing] ♪ it's a new dawn, it's a new day... ♪ no matter how you got copd it's time to make a stand. ♪ ...and i'm feelin' good start a new day with trelegy. no once-daily copd medicine has the power to treat copd in as many ways as trelegy. with three medicines in one inhaler, trelegy helps people breathe easier and improves lung function. it also helps prevent future flare-ups. trelegy won't replace a rescue inhaler for sudden breathing problems. tell your doctor if you have a heart condition or high blood pressure before taking it. do not take trelegy more than prescribed. trelegy may increase your risk of thrush, pneumonia, and osteoporosis. call your doctor if worsened breathing, chest pain, mouth or tongue swelling, problems urinating, vision changes, or eye pain occur. it's time to start a new day. ask your doctor about once-daily trelegy. and save at trelegy.com. inchs tied up and tortured. >> my mother just fighting for her child. that's universal. >> she survived a harrowing ordeal in one of the most dangerous places on earth. >> they have brought me out to kill me. >> then from across the world, her kidnapper found her again. >> he reached out to me on