Number two. My name is rosa parks. And number three. My name is rosa parks. Once again, panel, these three ladies all claim to be civil rights champion rosa parks, and lets start the questioning with kitty carlisle. Number two, what led up to this glorious moment on that bus . How did you feel at the moment of arrest . [ bell dings ] that bell tells us the time is up. And now, of course, its time to vote whoever, in your opinion, is the real rosa parks. I voted for number two, and its just based on a feeling. She just has that gentleness, i think, that would allow to be defiant. Okay. Any one of these three ladies could have had the courage, and im ashamed to say, i dont really know which one it really is, but i voted for number two. All right. And nipsey, who got your vote . Well, ill have to disqualify myself. I know mrs. Parks, and i was one of the entertainers on that show between selma and montgomery, but ms. Rosa parks is 10 foot tall, and shes a legend and a hero in the democracy of the United States, not just among black people. [ applause ] and now, will the real rosa parks please stand up . [ applause ] the first lady of the movement, mrs. Rosa parks. Raise your hand. Reverend abernathy and all of my Brothers And Sisters and my children, because i have been called the mother of this, we are not in a struggle of black against white, but wrong and right. Rosa parks is arguably one of the most celebrated americans of the 20th century and arguably one of the most kind of distorted and misunderstood. You see before you now a victim of all that has been perpetrated against one to make us less than human. Yes, we all understand that she went and sat down on the bus. The narrow narrative of her just on one day did something we need to dispel that. I am handicapped in every way, but i am expected to be a firstclass citizen. I want to be one. Of course, last few days in selma, actually i almost lost the faith. And i said to myself i could not come here, seeing what had happened in selma, armed with only love. If they could see her talking about the Republic Of New Afrika. If they could see her out there with the panthers in oakland. If they could see her in all of these fragrant varieties of her personality, then they would understand the real rosa parks, but they might have been just a little bit frightened. Yeah please, lord, wont you bind my hands . cause i dont want to hurt nobody oh, lord, wont you guide my soul . cause i dont want to act ungodly oh, lord, wont you help my soul . These heathens want to steal my faith i really need some selfcontrol im trying not to fall from grace lord, please, wont you help my soul . Come strengthen my faith strengthen my faith yeah i have never been an integrationist. Even when there was segregation, there was plenty of integration in the south, but it was for the benefit and convenience of the white person, not us. It is the discontinuation of oppression for all people who are oppressed. All people should be treated equally, regardless of race, religion, or nationality. As a very small child, i had to hide from the ku klux klan to keep from getting killed or thinking i was going to be killed. My family were deprived of the land that they owned and driven off of it after theyd worked and paid for it. I did not have the opportunity to attend school as many have. The early 20th century, this is the period that is often referred to as the nadir, the low point, in African American history. And some people even argue that its a period worse than slavery. By the time i was 6, i was old enough to realize that we were actually not free. The ku klux klan was riding through the black community, burning churches, killing people. I later learned that it was because African American soldiers were returning from world war i and acting as if they deserved equal rights because they had served their country. At one point, the violence was so bad that my grandfather kept his gun close by at all times. My grandfather was going to defend his home whatever happened. I wanted to see him shoot that gun. She would be telling me about the grandfather and how he wasnt afraid of white people. He looked white, but he wasnt afraid of white people. My grandfathers father was a White Plantation owner named john edwards, and his mother was a slave housekeeper. My grandfather was close to white. She died when my grandfather was very young, and then john edwards died, too. An overseer took over the plantation, and he disliked my grandfather, treated him so badly that he had a very intense, passionate hatred for white people. My grandfather was the one who instilled in my mother that you dont put up with bad treatment from anybody. It was passed down almost in our genes. He had his shotgun ready, and i sat up with him all night, and i still have a chronic insomnia from some of the things i lived through when i was a child. If you were out there on guard at night, you aint making no noise. She understood you protected what was important to you. And rosa got the idea that, i want to change that what makes me have to need to be protected. White supremacy was the threat. Her brother was, i think, two and a half or something younger. Sylvester followed me around all the time. He was always into mischief, but i was very protective of him. They were coming home one day and were being taunted by a young white boy. I would rather be lynched than say i dont like it. i cried bitterly that i would be lynched rather than be run over by them. They could get the rope ready for me any time they wanted to do their lynching. We got to understand that about this woman, that she was a soldier from birth, that she was going to fight you. Her quietness was actually her strength. And she would let you know if she didnt agree with you, but she would let you know without raising her voice. My mother taught me quite a bit about reading. She taught me the alphabet and figures and counting before i even started going to school. Just a very short distance from where i lived was a new school. It was without question for the white students. They had bus accommodations, and we never did. Id see the bus pass by my house every day. At one time, i had to walk at least 3 miles to school. The bus was among the first ways i realized there was a black world and a white world. The schools in the south were the best Training Ground for Teaching Negro Inferiority and white supremacy. A young child starting to school could very soon learn that the white children went to beautiful, wellappointed and equipped school buildings, while negro children went to roughly built uncomfortable shacks with no desks, but rough plank benches. Education for black kids ends at sixth grade. Her mother finds that unacceptable, so her mother sends her to a school in montgomery called ms. Whites, and a number of the women who go to ms. Whites will end up being active in montgomery civil rights community. I learned quite a bit about sewing. What i learned at ms. Whites school was that i was a person with dignity and selfrespect, and i should not set my sights lower than anybody else just because i was black. Raymond parks was the first real activist i ever met. He was a longtime member of the naacp. He was the first man i had met since the death of my grandfather that was not ready to accept what we call bowing and scraping, and yesyesing. He was in his late 20s and working as a barber in the black barbershop in downtown montgomery. A Mutual Friend Introduces Rosa and Raymond Parks to one another. Rosas initially not interested. I thought he was too white. I had an aversion to white men with the exception of my grandfather, and Raymond Parks is very lightskinned. Her experience with lightskinned black men is that theyre usually politically timid. Couldnt be further from the truth, right, about raymond. Parks everyone called him parks would tell me about his problems growing up being very fair complected. Hes also the owner of a red nash. Raymond starts to talk about politics, and immediately shes captivated by his authority on matters that are relevant to the black freedom struggle, right . Particularly at this time The Scottsboro Boys case. He was very much concerned with the young black boys who were being railroaded to the electric chair. Eight black teenagers and one boy. Theyre on this train in search of work. They get into a scuffle with some white men. There were two white women on the train who were arrested as well, and to protect themselves, they claimed that they were raped by these black boys. The scottsboro boys are very quickly tried, and all but the youngest one, whos 12, are sentenced to death. I thought it was awful that they were condemned to die for a crime they did not commit. It demonstrated how little regard segregationists had for the lives of black people and the lengths they would go to keep us in fear. I would want to go along with him to the meetings and hear the discussions, but he always said it was too dangerous. The police were always on the lookout for people to intimidate. The Police Killed two men who were connected with the group parks was with, people parks knew well. People were certainly concerned with being killed, being imprisoned. Raymond embraced armed selfdefense during the scottsboro campaign. He and i stayed up for many a night and didnt sleep at all. 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Is attempting to abide by the law. Our weapons are all defensive. We wouldnt carry them if we were not in the state that has shed so much black blood. The Republic Of New Afrika was founded by a man who was then known as richard henry, who later became known as dr. Imari obadele. The point of the rna was to demand reparations for slavery and jim crow, to develop armed selfdefense groups to defend black people, and to basically demand territory in the south. And mother rosa parks, she became friends with Robert Williams and his wife, mabel williams, who was also a revolutionary. In jackson, mississippi, their headquarters was seized upon by authorities. Law enforcement who were not enforcing the law they were attacking them. They were shooting at members of the Republic Of New Afrika, members of the Republic Of New Afrika shot back. Two Jackson Police officers and one fbi agent were hit by the gunfire from inside the house. Tear gas and reinforcements were used to run the occupants of the house outside. Finally, Seven Members of the black Republic Of New Afrika surrendered at the rear of the house. Since a member of Law Enforcement has been killed, people are very worried that theyre going to assault, torture, kill the members of the rna that theyve now brought into police custody. Although dr. Obadele did none of the shooting and none of the causes of violence, he was the one held responsible, and he was sentenced to five years of federal imprisonment. And mother parks contacted the prison just to check on him. She said, i want to know the condition of Imari Obadele, and they called him richard henry. How is he . What is his welfare . Dr. Imari obadele said that mother parks calling the prison that held him for five years is the reason he was alive. To her, there was no conflict between supporting Imari Obadele and Robert Williams or supporting reverend dr. Martin luther king jr. , whom she loved. She saw that as the same line of freedom fighting. She was holistic in her approach to the right of all people to be free. I came to understand that parks was willing to work for things that would improve life for his race and his family and himself. The second time parks and i were ever in each others company, he talked about getting married. I hadnt given marriage a thought at all. We were married in pine level in my mothers home. It was not a big wedding, just family and close friends. Uncle parks was one of the best of men. He was kind, he was quiet as well, and reserved. They moved to the cleveland courts projects. Rosa parks, people look at her as a middleclass woman, but theyd never own a house, not in their entire marriage. Her first meeting with the naacp, the secretary was out. They asked her if shed take the minutes. It was election day, and they elected her secretary. Mr. Nixon was considered the most militant man in montgomery. He was the very first person who approached me about the need to get registered. Mr. Nixon organized the voters league. I became a member. I was impressed by his potential leadership. He explained to me very fully the necessity of getting registered to vote in order to elect those officials that would be beneficial to us and would increase our ability and opportunity to become firstclass citizens. The segregationists made it very difficult for black people to register to vote. And it was. Practically impossible to a black person, regardless of their intelligence, to become registered, except for a very few that were selected by the White Community. African americans were largely being shut out of the ballot box. This was a period where one would have to encounter unrelenting violence simply for wanting to vote. [ Woman Vocalizing ] [ Woman Chanting Indistinctly ] [ Crowd Chanting Indistinctly ] rosa parks for all of her life was fighting on issues that are still very much at the forefront of National Discussion and debate. These battles are ongoing. Today, you look at the rampant Voter Suppression taking place across the country. State houses at the local level are introducing Voter Suppression laws that are meant to keep the ballot box narrow and as white as possible. The right to vote is so important for americans. We vote for the people to represent us in government. I decided to get registered. The first year i tried was 1943. I went down to register and take my tests, but i did not receive a certificate in the mail. The second time i tried, i was denied. They just told me, you didnt pass. they didnt have to give you a reason. The registrar could do whatever they wanted to do. I was pretty sure i passed the test, so the third time i took the test, i made a copy of my answers to those questions. I was going to keep that copy and use it to bring suit against the Voter Registration board, but i received my certificate in the mail. When i tried to register to vote, i was put off a montgomery bus for the first time. The womens Political Council was an organization that had begun in 1946 after just dozens of black people had been arrested on the buses for segregation purposes. We had sat down and witnessed the arrest and humiliation and the court trials and fines paid of people who just sat down on an empty seat. Something had to be done. The fight to desegregate Public Transportation was part of a larger fight for citizenship rights. Nixon is also working to protect black people who are victims of white violence and in particular black women who have been raped and sexually assaulted. She felt strongly that the same mindset that tolerates Sexual Violence against black women by these white men is the same mindset that will refuse to hold people accountable when they engage in Mob Lynchings and racial terror. Is it worthwhile to reveal the intimacies of the past life . Would the people be sympathetic or disillusioned when the facts of my life are told . Rosa parks writes this very interesting narrative of which she describes a near sexual assault. And this is something that takes place in her teenage years. Shes working as a domestic at the time. I saw mr. Charlie standing in the kitchen. Mr. Charlie poured himself a drink. He moved nearer to me and put his hand on my waist. I was very frightened, nearly to death. I jumped away, and he was a bit startled and asked me not to be afraid. He had money to give me for accepting his attentions. I knew that no matter what happened, i would never yield to this white mans bestiality. I was ready and willing to die. But give my consent . Never, never, never. I talked of everything i know about the white mans Inhumane Treatment of the negro, how i hated all white people, especially him. He asked me to give him a price. I turned away, saying i was not for sale. If he wanted to kill me and rape a dead body, he was welcome, but that he would have to kill me first. At long last, mr. Charlie got the idea that i meant no, very definitely no. Ms. Parks was compelled to document crimes because people werent reacting the way she thought they should react. People were a little too accepting of some of that victimization even within the black community. We had so many cases of brutality, sometimes murder, sometimes flogging, sometimes being driven from their homes. And i was on call if anybody needed me to Say Something and write up a report or whatever, if they would have the courage to sign it. And i had been known in the community to come to the rescue of people when sometime others didnt. They were almost unbelievable. I wouldnt like to even mention to you some of the things that i had to undergo. I remember one case out in abbeville, alabama, where my father and his family came from. Mrs. Recy taylor was on her way home from church when she was kidnapped, forced into a car at gun and knifepoint, stripped of her clothing, and raped by six white men on september 3, 1944. Then put a blindfold on her, took her back, and dumped her in the middle of town, and said, if you tell anybody, well kill you. She went promptly to the sheriff and told him. And they realized that nothings going to happen to these men. Rosa parks hears about this from a white woman they know through scottsboro organizing. So rosa parks and some of her comrades decide that they should investigate it. Rosa parks was sent to get the testimony. In those times, to go 100 miles from home. The sheriff is outside driving by. There he goes again. Well, there he is. I just only can imagine what that must have been like, sitting there, actually having her tell that story, and rosa parks writing down every word. It was incredibly dangerous for a black woman to report, to detail that they had been the victims of Sexual Violence. For ms. Parks, it was especially dangerous going into communities because she was seen as the problem. In collaboration with several other activists, they go as far as to take out an ad in the local newspaper in order to let people know what had taken place and to place pressure on Law Enforcement to do something. They write letters to the governor. They get media coverage, but the men are never indicted. There is never justice in recy taylors case. When your vneck looks more like a uneck, thats when you know, its halfwashed. Downy has 7 benefits that condition and smooth fibers so clothes look newer, longer. Feel the difference with downy. Nexium 24hr prevents Heartburn Acid for twice as long as pepcid. Get allday and allnight Heartburn Acid prevention with just one pill a day. Choose acid prevention. Choose nexium. Every search you make every click you take ill be watching you [narrator] the internet doesnt have to be so creepy, the duckduckgo app, lets you search and Browse Pria Blocking most trackers all forf your Search History is never tracked, so it cant be shared. And when you leave search, duckduckgo helps Keep Companies from watching you as you brows. Join tens of millions of people making the easy switch by downloading the app today. Duckduckgo, privacy simplified. upbeat music north carolina. Duckduckgo, privacy simplified. And rosa parks started a Free Joan Little Movement in detroit to try to help with her cause. Joan little was a young woman who was incarcerated in north carolina. And there was a jailer there who regularly raped the women who were in his jail. And he attempted to do that with joan little, and he ended up not living through that assault. She was finally acquitted, but it took a whole long movement, and rosa parks was one of the voices of that movement. Joan little was the first woman in the United States who ever fought back and killed her assailant who was, indeed, exonerated. So that was a landmark case. Rosa parks considered that one of the great victories in the justice struggle. [ Camera Shutters clicking ] theres a continuum from her work in the south in the 1940s. Im thinking specifically of recy taylor. The recy taylor case spurs nixon and parks to run for branch leadership. And thats when nixon runs for Branch President and wins. She runs for secretary and wins. E. D. Nixon and Rosa Parks Begin A Partnership thats going to change the face of american history. They will spend the next decade turning montgomerys naacp into a much more activist branch. Before, the Montgomery Branch was largely dysfunctional. There was a lot of infighting, financial troubles with the organization, and a lot of elitism. The organization was run by some of the middleclass, collegeeducated black elite in montgomery. Montgomery was always a classstratified society. The black elite took a position that negroes should go slow. They should take their time. And thats not the politics that rosa parks adopted. Whoo she ran at a faster pace than a lot of her contemporaries. She wanted to go faster. And you sense that in her work in the 40s. She just wasnt going to be content with the status quo. My only brother, who had served almost four years in the war, was discharged honorably. He was quite upset because he felt that those of us at home had failed those on the war front. My grandfather, he served in two theaters in world war ii. A highly respected military man at the time. And he came home and was mistreated. You know what i mean . You serve your country, and then you come home to a place in which you would think you would get the flowers, you would get the accolades, you would get, at least, dont call me boy or nigger. Sylvester will decide he cant bear this. And so, in 1946, he and his family leave montgomery, and they never come back. And he moves to detroit. Things happened that most people never heard about because they never were reported in the newspapers. At times, i felt overwhelmed by all the violence and hatred. But there was nothing to do but keep going. At that time, i felt that i had a message and felt very vocal, but people did not choose to listen to what i was saying then because they didnt think there was any reason for my being so concerned about doing away with segregation because they thought it was a hopeless cause. I was working very hard to bring about freedom, especially for young people through the naacp. And the hebrew children from the Fiery Furnace why not every man . Rosa parks had a youth group here at the church when i was a young teenager, and we would talk about the naacp and its workings. And why not every man . I was 11 when i joined the youth council. Montgomery was a very scary place that the White Community considered a threat to them. It was very difficult because most of the parents discouraged their youngsters and didnt want them to participate or join. They didnt mind them paying the membership, but they didnt want them to actively participate in writing to the congressmen and challenging segregation locally. We met most of the times in mrs. Parks apartment. I was drawn to her passion on eradicating the conditions that were going on in our communities. If there were 12 people in here, it was an overflow crowd. Ms. Parks mostly was sitting over there and conducting the meetings. But we talked a lot about Voter Registration and events we were planning. It was not, for her, like, were going to pass the torch. It was, i will help you, and we will do this, and we will talk about how to do it, but i believe in you, young people. You kind of feel the energy. Wow. I am. Im almost speechless. Colored people are employed at this store as maids, porters, elevator operators, truck drivers. I work in the tailor shop doing Mens Clothing alterations as a helper of the tailor who is colored. This thing called segregation here is complete and solid pattern as a way of life. To make money on the side, rosa parks is tailoring for one of montgomerys few White Civil Rights Activist families, clifford and Virginia Durr. Parks and virginia began a friendship. She wanted to be part of our efforts to end segregation, even though that meant being ostracized and made to suffer. Durr is affiliated with Highlander Folk School. The school was a new beginning, a link between the towns and the mountain. Myles horton was its founder. If we could demonstrate by the way we lived and what we believed and the way we treated people, that there was a possibility of, in this situation, blacks and whites, working things out. We hoped that idea would have some small influence. The Highlander Folk School is trying to build a program thats dedicated to having people challenge segregation throughout the south. In the summer of 1955, highlander is organizing a twoweek workshop, and they have a scholarship for someone to come from montgomery. And Virginia Durr recommends rosa parks. I hadnt traveled very much at that time. Just getting on the bus, i found myself going further and further away from the type of surroundings i was used to. It was my very First Experience in my entire life going to a place where there were people of another race and where we were all treated equally and without any tension or feeling of embarrassment or whatever goes with artificial boundaries of racial segregation. Myles horton, along with his staff, did give me my First Insight on the fact that there were such people who believed completely in freedom and equality for all. At the time rosa parks came to highlander, we were just beginning to get some understanding in the south of the possibilities, the hope of doing something. Ms. Parks was probably the quietest participant in the workshop, but we had high hopes for her. I was somewhat withdrawn and didnt have very much to say. But finally i relaxed and enjoyed the stay very much throughout the entire workshop. Its there that she begins to get even a sharper and a broader understanding of this struggle for civil rights. That particular school, myles horton, is responsible for me today not hating every white person i see. I learned at that time and at that place that there are decent people of any race and color. I was thinking, i should probably set up that 90 day refill. Walgreens is all about making life easier. 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The montgomery naacp was beginning to think about filing a suit against the city over bus segregation, but they had to have the right plaintiff and a strong case. The best plaintiff would be a woman because a woman would get more sympathy than a man. And the woman would have to be above reproach and have done nothing wrong but refuse to give up her seat. March 2nd of 1955, there was a young girl named Claudette Colvin who was arrested on the bus for refusing to stand up. And she was taken off the bus bodily by three policemen and thrown into jail. I was very active in mrs. Parks youth group. And i began to think about how unfair we was treated. They asked me to get up, and i refused. I could not move because history had me glued to the seat. It felt like sojourner truths hands were pushing me down on one shoulder and Harriet Tubmans hands were pushing me down on another shoulder. Instead of charging her with violating the segregation law, they charged her with disorderly conduct, resisting an officer, and assault and battery. The naacp ultimately did not move forward with her case. At the age of 15, they did not think that she would make a good witness, that she would not be reliable. Some people described her as being a bit rebellious and feisty. And Claudette Colvin was a darkskinned black girl. There was colorism. I was really disappointed. There was a lot of Emotion Building over this period of time. The people were just feeling pushed. Violence on the buses had been going on, too. And there was a veteran who was killed by a police officer. Treading the tightrope of jim crow from birth to death, from the cradle to the grave is a major mental acrobatic feat. It takes a noble soul to plumb this line. Theres always a line of some kind color line, hanging rope, tightrope. To me, it seems that we are puppets on a string in the white mans hands. They say we must be segregated from the color line, yet they pull the strings, and we perform to their satisfaction or suffer the consequences if we get out of line. There were literally hundreds of incidents on the buses. There are no black bus drivers, and all bus drivers are armed. There was a growing consciousness that the polite, accommodating, gentle way of getting people to see the humanity of black people in this community was not going to be enough. The Death Of Emmett Till she knew she could not take it anymore, see black children killed, see women raped, see men accosted and mutilated. It brought a big burden on auntie rosa. The front of the bus was reserved for white people. The back of the bus was reserved for black people. And then theres the middle. And the middle is kind of a no mans land that black people are entitled to sit there, but on the whim of the driver, could be asked to move. By the terms of alabama segregation, all four people in her aisle will have to get up for this one white person to sit down. The driver said, yall better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats. i could not see how standing up was going to make it light for me. I thought back to the time when i used to sit up all night and my grandfather would have his gun right by the fireplace. I asked for water to drink. And as i walked to the fountain, one yelled, get away from here. You cant drink water from that fountain. i went back to the desk, still very thirsty. I felt completely alone and desolate, as if i was descending into a black and bottomless chasm. Mr. Nixon asked if id be willing to make my case as a test case against segregation. I had worked on enough cases to know that a ruling could not be made without a plaintiff. So i agreed to be the plaintiff. She calls a young, 25yearold lawyer named fred gray who she knew and had become friends with in the naacp to ask him to represent her. As president of the womens Political Council, i called all the officers of the three chapters. And i told them that rosa parks had been arrested and she would be tried. They said, you have the plans . Put them into operation. I didnt go to bed that night. I cut those stencils. I ran off 35,000 copies, and i distributed them. We had worked for at least three years getting that thing organized. Oh, yeah friday, which was the 2nd of december, it was a Typical School day. I was in ninth grade. I remember very, very clearly telling us, youre here because youre bus riders, and were depending on you to take a note home to your parents. The note tells your parents that you are not to ride the buses on monday. And its so important that you dont let anybody see this note. Students, im depending on you. People were wondering if this was really going to work. Everybody was doubtful. We thought that it would cause a lot of problems. I can remember the fear and the anxiety of people. Monday morning, which was the 5th of december, my dad came home about 7 00. Boy, was he excited. I never will forget the buses are empty. The buses are empty. Oh, theyre as clean as jesus. Wow, the buses are empty. We laughed. I said, we got to walk. We got to walk. We got to walk. We were so excited. On the evening of december 5th, we had a meeting at the holt street baptist church. There were thousands of people. I remember being given a leaflet announcing the mass meeting at holt street church. People showed up from everywhere. They had to block off streets. The church had the loudspeaker outside so people could hear. It was just packed. And i did get escorted to the pulpit. And there were, oh, so many people that you can imagine that many getting in this church. People were so enthusiastic, and they were so willing. I did not have to speak, and i didnt speak because they told me i had said enough. Reverend king. [ applause ] dr. Martin luther king, who had just become the pastor of dexter avenue baptist church, he was not well known, and this was his comingout party. [ cheers and applause ] he ended up becoming a spokesperson. He put the boycott in a global perspective. There was a vote taken to decide whether the protest would continue. And the decision was unanimous. People were yelling out that they would remain off the buses until changes were made for the better for us. So can you imagine how people must have felt when they realized, we did this . Look, we stood against the threat. You want to go on . Yes. The sun will never go down, Go Down The Sun Will Never go down, go down the flowers. They organize a Carpool System where they set up 40 pickup stations all around the city, and the Montgomery Improvement Association ultimately is coordinating, like, 10,000 to 15,000 rides per day. Rosa parks will serve as a dispatcher for about a month. Riders, go to dispatch and pickup stations if you want transportation. Dont be rude. Remember how long some of us had to wait when the bus passed us without stopping in the morning and evening. Drivers, stay on the job. The riders may create some problems, but try to be patient with them. They are making the protest the success it is. My dad would every morning, before hed go to work, go to one of the pickup stops and would carry somebody else to work. People could go and get in a blackowned taxi to get to work instead. Or the workers that were impacted by not riding the buses had, like, mutual aid to take care of them and their families while the economy took the hit. Black women were the forefront. They helped out as fundraisers, organized rides, cooked food in their home to make sure that they could sustain the boycott. The womens Political Council had more than 300 members, and we were organized to the point that we knew that in a matter of hours, we could corral the whole city. My asthma felt anything but normal. A blood test helped show my asthma is driven by eosinophils, which nucala helps reduce. Nucala is a oncemonthly addon injection for Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. Nucala is not for sudden breathing problems. Allergic reactions can occur. Get help right away for swelling of face, mouth, tongue, or trouble breathing. Infections that can cause shingles have occurred. Dont stop steroids unless told by your doctor. Tell your doctor if you have a parasitic infection. May cause headache, Injection Site reactions, back pain, and fatigue. Ask your Asthma Specialist about a nunormal with nucala. Ase several station back pain, and fatigue. Wagons through the churches. One of the things that made our movement so very significant, because we were banding together on a common cause. As long as we were divided and fearful, we were defeated. For several months, rosa parks traveled. She played a key role in helping to fundraise for the boycott. We did not have weapons to go against the power structure, but our persistence, our patience, our faith, and our belief in each other always strengthened our determination to remain steadfast and united. Segregation is an institution of society we do not intend to see disturbed. The White Citizens Councils were the kind of respectable version of the klan. They were the judges and the lawyers, and their task was to defend segregation at all costs, but do so in a way that presented a kind of look of respectability. You are not going to permit the naacp to control your state. [ cheers and applause ] we are not going to permit our little children to be used as pawns in a game of Power Politics to get the racial vote in marble city. [ cheers and applause ] the cities try in all different ways to break the boycott. Theres all sorts of violence. People are throwing things, including cops, like urine, and theyre slashing peoples tires. A lot of the highprofile leaders Martin Luther king from the Montgomery Improvement Association, e. D. Nixon from the naacp their houses are bombed. And people dont appreciate the kind of violence that people endured, and how people would put on their sunday best and go places knowing that they were going to get beaten and bloodied and battered when they got there. Fred gray decided to file a proactive case into Federal Court to start another legal front in challenging bus segregation. And so hes looking for plaintiffs, and in the end, four women, including Claudette Colvin, stepped forward, which will be called browder v. Gayle. Parks is not on that federal case, partly because of her long political history with the naacp as an activist. Their case went all the way to the Supreme Court, and they won. The Montgomery Improvement Association recommends that the 11monthold protest against the city buses will be called off, and that the negro citizens of montgomery, alabama, will return to the buses on a nonsegregated basis. Freedom [ cheers and applause ] freedom the Montgomery Bus Boycott is the most successful boycott in u. S. History. People have been trying to replicate it for forever. I think if social movements could understand the bus boycott, we could win everything. I make the rules as i go choose my destiny i follow my dreams make no apologies fear has no hold on me Freedom Freedom all sorts of rumors snake through montgomerys White Community about rosa parks that shes an naacp plant, that shes a communist plant, she has a car, shes mexican, that shes not even from montgomery. We dont often want to talk about the reprisals. We dont want to talk about the consequences and how people make personal sacrifices in order to advance a broader movement. 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Not coughing at the movies . hashtag still not coughing . aaah. Oww mucinex dm gives you 12 hours of relief from Chest Congestion and any type of cough, day or night. Its not cough season. Its always comeback season. The owner of the barbershop on the Air Force Base its not cough season. Prohibits all discussion of rosa parks and all discussion of the bus boycott. And raymond resigns in protest, thinking that if he cant defend his wife, that hes being silenced. Dr. King ends up getting the accolades. He is invited everywhere to speak, gets an honorarium, makes money, survives. Hes a hero. The civil Rights Groups would have her go out and speak at events and raise money, but it never occurred to anybody that they ought to find some way for them to be supported. I think that part of the way she was treated was because she was a woman, therefore taken advantage. Montgomerys a smaller town. People had to know that she was no longer working. King, none of them offered her a job. Rosa parks was also a prideful woman and would not dare ask. And i dont think she was the kind of woman that would think she was owed. Auntie rosa never discussed any hardship. You would not know she was hungry, for instance. You wouldnt know that she could not pay this bill. They were getting death threats, and her mother was on the phone all hours of the night to stop calls from coming in. They had to go somewhere because of her safety, so she called on my father, and they knew if she called, it was an emergency. They needed to get her out of there. My grandfather, Sylvester Mccauley i, he told her, dont worry about any of that. Come up to detroit. We will protect you. We will have more opportunities up here for you. And, plus, you will be around family that loves you. Here, you have this flood of people coming into detroit because of the automobile industry, was the magnet. My goodness, it was like you dropped the plow, you dispensed with the mule, and headed for detroit. However, you had restrictive covenants that limited the movement of the black people to just one part of the city. These are some things that rosa parks brother understood long before she arrived. Sylvester, he had already experienced a lot of these things, so he was able to talk to rosa about some of this history and background. I dont know whether i could have been more effective as a worker for freedom in the south than i am here in detroit. Really the same thing that has occurred in the south is existing here to a certain degree. We do have the same problems. Blacks in detroit were relegated to the worst parts of town, called black bottom and hastings street. But we built homes there, and institutions developed there. It was very difficult, to say the least. So what my grandfather would do, he would just grow his own food. My father had a green thumb. Hed work all day in the chryslers plant, and then he would come home and work a garden. We grew up on fresh tomatoes, green peppers, onion. There was enough food in that little plot for him, grandmother, auntie rosa, and uncle parks. Rosa parks is a very creative person, and she would take found items and create stuff out of them of course, dresses and ideas of quilts. She taught us how to sew. The stitches were absolutely perfect. She could tailor anything. She could look at something and go home and sew it. 1959 is probably the worst year for the parks family. They record an annual income of 700. She cant find steady work, raymond cant find steady work. In 1960, jet magazine will run an expose where they describe her as a tattered version of her former self. This article leads to people raising money for her around the country. They move into a better place to live the first floor of a duplex on virginia park. Rosa parks will get a job in 1961 at the stockton sewing company. Its basically a glorified sweatshop. Shes doing piecework there. And raymond will start to barber around the corner at the wildemere barbershop. I opened vaughns bookstore in 59, The Second Black Bookstore to open in america. It was a very hot period for black books. They were just coming into vogue at that particular time. I met mrs. Parks when she was a customer. She and her husband, raymond, would walk up to the bookstore on a regular basis, because we were about 8 or 10 blocks from where she lived. Every thursday night, i would have meetings. Rosa parks was there, and she was right up on the front seat. I always talked politics with her, and i got to know her pretty well, and also her husband. He was a very fine gentleman. You never hear that much about raymond because he was a very quiet, behindthescenes kind of individual. Youll find that rosa parks and Raymond Parks are inseparable. Often, the man is out front, and you never hear about the wife. Here, the reverse is true. Uncle parks was willing to let Auntie Rosa Step Out there and just do her thing. He was not the kind of husband that stood in the way of auntie rosa. She could make any speech, travel where she wanted. Power e trades awardwinning trading app makes trading easier. With its customizable options chain, easytouse tools, and Paper Trading to help sharpen your skills, you can stay on top of the market from wherever you are. Power e trades easytouse tools make complex trading less complicated. Custom scans help you find new trading opportunities. While an Earnings Tool helps you plan your trades and stay on top of the market. My most important kitchen tool . My brain. So i choose neuriva plus. Unlike some others, neuriva plus is a multitasker supporting 6 key indicators of brain health. To help keep me sharp. Neuriva think bigger. This isnt charmin no wonder i dont feel as clean. 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There was a tribute to women in which a. Philip randolph, one of the organizers of the march, introduced some of the women who had participated in the struggle, and i was one of them. They would have her stand up and wave at people theres rosa parks. She sat down on the bus in montgomery. Wave at them, rosa parks, mrs. Parks. Then shed sit down. They never said anything beyond that. I was 15 when i went to the march on washington. I stood there in awe of all of the people that had gathered. And i remember lena horne moving swiftly to the front of the stage, picked up a microphone, and sung two syllables. Freedom and they lingered in the air. There was a blanket of silence. Theres so much patriarchy built into the movement, like its built into so many institutions. Women raise most of the money, do most of the organizing, but when you go back and check the record, those whove been labeled president s or directors or the leaders, the grand poobah, largely have been men, while the women have done the work. And mother parks, she was doing the work. [ Speaks Indistinctly ] [ cheers and applause ] by the 1960s, you have this Evolving Black Liberation Struggle in this country, and rosa is not at all outside the realm of that, because she understands the urgency, the struggle thats going on, because she identified strongly with young people, particularly the militant, radical people in the society. Malcolm x has come to detroit, and he makes it known he wants to meet rosa parks. Malcolm x looked on two people in the Civil Rights Movement with awe, and that was Fannie Lou Hamer and rosa parks. Whenever he had an opportunity to talk about the role of women, rosa parks would be the first thing out of his mouth. His thing was, youve got to push a little bit harder, be a bit more aggressive, take a stronger stance for selfdetermination, for independence and liberation in our society. So malcolm would see rosa as, like, certainly a soldier in all of this. She was totally enthralled by the malcolm idea. He was so dynamic, he so spoke the truth. You and your government preach one thing and practice another thing. You say that this is the land of equality, and 20 million of your black socalled citizens dont have equality. The strength of him and the intelligence of him and the commitment of him was right up the alley of rosa parks. He had come to detroit to speak, and i was sitting in the front row. His home in new york had been firebombed, and all his clothes had been damaged by water and smoke, but he came to detroit anyway because he had made a commitment. They meet for the last time about a week before hes assassinated. I spoke to him, and he autographed the program for me. I had a lot of admiration for him. He was a very brilliant man. Dr. King used to say that black people should receive brutality with love, and i believed this was a goal to work for, but i could not reach that point in my mind at all. Malcolm wasnt a supporter of nonviolence either. Its her encounters with malcolm x that create what politics looks like for rosa in the 1960s. [ gunshots ] the police in detroit were brutal. In fact, Police Brutality that ultimately led to the Detroit Rebellion In 67, which was at that point, the largest urban rebellion in u. S. History. The establishment of white people will antagonize and provoke violence, and the young people want to present themselves as human beings and come into their own as men, there is always something to cut them down. The Michigan National guard on the west side, they were beating folks and busting windows out of folks homes. On the east side of detroit, they sent in the 82nd airborne. [ Indistinct Shouting ] close to 50 people, almost all of them African American, were killed by the police and killed by the national guard. During the rebellion time, three young men were killed at the algiers motel. There was a blackout on news about the incident. Its obvious nothing was happening, no justice. So young militants decide to organize a peoples tribunal to bring the facts of the case to the community, and they ask rosa parks to serve on the jury. I was one of the young radicals. I said, shes not going to go for this. I asked her. She says, certainly. Im glad you asked. We had the tribunal here at the church of the black madonna. Jesus was concerned about freedom, about people coming together, about the unity of a black people fighting against the oppression of a White Gentile nation, rome. The shrine of the black madonna was part of the whole black power, black Liberation Movement of that period. First time i met rosa parks was in 1967 at the peoples trial that was taking place. This entire church was packed. All of us were there to see and witness her display of what we call the imminence of justice. Well, the conclusion was that they were guilty. They was guilty of murder in the first degree. I dont think people understand how welltrained mrs. Parks was. I dont think they understand what a good organizer she was. I dont think they understand how long she had been in the struggle, and i dont think they understood how radical her understanding of what the kind of change we need is. And its a part of her magic, really, that on the one hand, she can cultivate this notion of innocence, if you will, while acting on behalf of and espousing very radical views. Politically, we were changing, and black people were growing in percentage of the people in detroit, and they were beginning to think that we need to have our own people representing us. They no longer wanted to be represented primarily by white people. It has been made a very bad neighborhood to live in. We would like to take action to see this neighborhood cleaned up, because id be afraid to send a child of mine to the store. John conyers, he was a freedom fighter. Coretta scott king, she told me that mother parks got her husband to endorse congressman john conyers for congress, and he was the only elected official he ever endorsed. Mrs. Parks, she helped him. He had a difficult time, because the Democratic Party did not support him in the beginning of his running. I think what she did was bring a presence of authenticity. She was at meetings, and she was always there and supported him. And she helped us in our voting drive, and we went out and got people registered to vote. Mrs. Parks was involved in all of that. She was in it, and we were in it to win it. In 1965, john conyers is elected to congress, and the first thing he does is hire rosa parks. And to my honor and delight, she did accept, and we were happy to have her in my original staff. She has been an activist for over three decades, she is 52, and this is her first paid political job. This position comes with health insurance, which is incredibly important. He was in awe of mother rosa parks, even though she worked for him. I had worked on john conyers first campaign. John conyers came out of a Labor Movement family. So there was a lot of hostility toward john conyers for being john conyers, never mind for hiring mrs. Parks. That was kind of Throwing Gasoline on the fire, i think, in the eyes of a lot of white people. John, he said, i just want ms. Parks in my office. She can do whatever she want to do. Her name is rosa parks. The daytoday answering the phones, the recording, the notetaking. Whatever john conyers asked her, she did. She was a humble person. Rosa parks essentially had a saintlike quality. Conyers told me once that mother parks asked him to reduce her salary because she told him that, people keep giving me awards and honors and tributes. And i feel bad when i have to leave your office and go pick up these honors. And john conyers said, no, mrs. Parks. Its an honor for me that youre working in my office, and i will not be reducing your salary. Somethings happening at ihop. Something. Huge. Where are we . Antman and the wasp have arrived. Saving the world from epic dangers. While we feed the hero in everyone. Spend 30 on your next visit to ihop and get a fandango movie ticket to see Marvel Studios antman and the wasp quantumania in theaters february 17th. Ihop. Lets put a smile on your plate. cecily whats up, einstein . einstein my network has gone kaput ihop. Lets put a smile cecily oh, you tried to save a buck on it . einstein i got what i paid for. Not so smart. cecily nah, youre still a genius. 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Join tens of millions of people making the easy switch by downloading the app today. Duckduckgo, privacy simplified. upbeat music the reverend ddr. Martin luther king jr. ,ed. Father of the Nonviolent Movement in the American Civil Rights struggle, was killed by an assassins bullet tonight in memphis, tennessee. The 39yearold Nobel Peace Prize winner was hit in the neck by a bullet as he stood on the balcony of his hotel and died less than an hour later in a hospital emergency room. I remember my mother and i were listening to the radio. It was approaching easter time. The program was interrupted to say that dr. King had been shot. It was very devastating. I was lost. How else can i describe it . I was deeply grieved. Mama and i wept quietly together. She starts playing sam cooke, a change is gonna come, over and over. I was born by the river in a little tent oh, and just like the river, ive been running ever since its been a long a long time coming, but i know his smooth voice was like medicine to the soul. It was as if dr. King was speaking directly to me. I rarely saw her show emotion, but when dr. King was assassinated, i saw her cry at his funeral. I was losing the people i love best. My husband and brother were all sick, and there was a time when i was traveling every day to three different hospitals to visit them. I had to quit working full time and work only part time. Auntie rosa and uncle parks loved each other until the end. As uncle parks health deteriorated, the loving way that she would take care of him. They were so closely joined together. Parks died in 1977, when he was 74, after a fiveyear struggle against cancer. My brother sylvester died three months after that, also of cancer. Mama was ill with cancer, too. I cared for her at home until she died at the age of 91. Dearborn is a predominantly white affluent suburb, home to the ford motor company, but many of the people who work in dearborn come from detroit, 63 black. The dearborn boycott really started where a black family had gone into a Dearborn Park to have a picnic. A white family showed up and said, well, youre not residents of dearborn, so you cant use this park. So the white family went to the city council of dearborn and got them to pass an ordinance to restrict nonresidents from using a public park. In other words, black folks, dont use our parks. Mrs. Parks was participating in the discussion, and we said, well, hell, lets boycott dearborn. So its almost like the bus boycott. Theres this photograph of mrs. Parks and i going to this news conference, and it became frontpage news. When rosa parks was asked by the media, do you support this boycott . She said, i support this boycott 100 . The boycott went from the local courts all the way up to the michigan Supreme Court. It was ruled unconstitutional. We won. And once again, mrs. Parks was on the right side of history. These days, there still seems to be a kind of feeling of hostility around alabama sometimes towards blacks and around the south towards blacks. And also in the north, and wherever we go. Yeah. Listen, i cant say why because it is another question that has to be answered by those people who have that attitude, why they have it. After the dearborn boycott, i put my hat in the ring to run for the president of the detroit naacp. And i asked rosa parks if she would be my running mate. She agreed. I have been a member of the naacp since 1943. I believed, and still do, that the invitation to become a member of the board will allow me to give some direction to the activities of the detroit branch. They put a campaign together. Got a prominent minister to run on another slate. They were afraid of our activism. And the thing that was so hilarious as we were campaigning. These oldass men would say, rosa parks is too old to be officer in the naacp. And my retort would be, shes traveling All Over The World being rosa parks, and they could hardly walk up the steps. Instead of spending so much energy on an internal power struggle, we should be concerned with what we should be doing about increased racism with the rise of the new right. Our energy should be focused on responses and not on whose name appears on the naacp stationary. And they defeated us, but they didnt control rosa parks. I hope to someday see an end to the conditions in our country that make people want to hurt others. The kind of compassion she had for people who were struggling was really refined. She was led by a compassionate heart to do really difficult things. Challenging things. One night, a young man broke into rosa parks apartment and attempting to rob the house. This man threatened her and physically beat her. Struck me on this side of the face and on that side of the face and a little scar up there. And she fought back. By herself. Caught hold of his shirt that way and pushed him off of me the best i could. She was elderly. 51. 100 pounds soaking wet. She came out fighting on this guy, and i believe that saved her life. She had to go to the hospital, and she recovered. Very painful again because. I still, to this day, dont understand how she was by herself. Many people offered her money, gifts, everything, and she turned them all down because she was not a person that wanted things. She wanted you to be okay and fairly treated. Thats it. She didnt want that extra stuff. She didnt want the awards. She didnt want the money. She didnt want the fame. What she did was, she forgave the man. The media asked her, well, how could this happen . What happened after . She said, i already forgave him. Just dont do it again. She takes things in stride, and she moved on. Just want to get everything over with it and. Yes, and get back to my job, what im doing. [ laughs ] rosa parks, alongside a longtime friend and fellow activist, elaine steele, decide to found the rosa and Raymond Parks institute for Self Development to really cultivate young peoples leadership, young peoples vision. The gift that ms. Parks gives is the decadeslong transitions of what your role can and should look like as times shift, as conditions change. I welcome this opportunity to lend my support to freeing South African natives and freeing those imprisoned Political Prisoners and all that goes to make it a free country. Nelson mandela walked out of jail and into a south africa facing rapid, some say frightening, change. While he was in prison, he said he was reading about her, and her courage meant so much to him. In 1990, Nelson Mandela came to detroit, one of the cities he visited after his release following 27 years of imprisonment in south africa. There was a line of vips greeting him as he came to what was then tiger stadium. Mother parks was added at the last minute, so she was at the end of the line. Nelson mandela looked up, Saw Mother Parks at the end of that row. He rushed down with his arms outstretched. Rosa, rosa, rosa and held her so tight it lifted her up off the ground. She was slightly built. That exuberant response from Nelson Mandela meant everything about who was a real celebrity among that list of vips. [ applause ] ive never gotten used to being a public person. I have more honorary degrees than i can count. Interviewers still only want to talk about that one evening in 1955 when i refused to give up my seat on the bus. I understand that i am a symbol. There were times when i would be very discouraged, but i always remembered that, deep within, theres a spirit that is beyond my physical strength. Her whole being was dedicated to god. She was highly spiritual, highly understanding of purpose, and that we have a life to serve. [ Women Singing Indistinctly ] during the last couple years of her life, me and my father, we would go see her, and her caretaker would be there with a smile on her face, saying, oh, come on in. Your auntie rosa asked about yall. Yes, i was with her when she passed. I grabbed her hand, and i said, rosie, rosie. And it was a doctor there. And she came, and she said, shes gone. I was born by the river in a little tent when mother parks joined the ancestors, the bible was open on her chest to the 23rd psalm. That says everything. What does the 23rd psalm say . The lord is my shepherd. I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul. He leads me in the path of righteousness for his names sake. Yea, though i walk through the valley of the shadow of death, i will fear no evil. For thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of my enemies. Surely goodness and mercy shall comfort me all the days of my life. And i will dwell in the House Of The Lord forever. Her body is flown to montgomery. There is a massive celebration of her life there. Her body is then flown to d. C. Glory glory, glory she becomes the first woman, the first civilian, the second African American to lie in honor in the nations capital. Hallelujah president george bush and 40,000 americans come and pay tribute to her. Its really an unprecedented honor. I mean, nothing like this happened for Martin Luther king. Her body is then flown to detroit. Put your hands together and show your love for sister rosa parks. [ cheers and applause ] show your love. Show your love. She sat down to test the law she was a freedom fighter. A seamstress. Thats irrelevant. She didnt get locked up for sewing. She was a militant ill never forget that. And oh, boy. That was a great time of remembrance of a great lady. The whole city showed up. The whole world showed up for mother rosa parks. Which was wonderful. Limu emu doug hey, man. Nice pace clearly, youre a safe driver. You could save hundreds for safe driving with liberty mutual. They customize your car insurance. So you only pay for what you need [squawks] whoo we gotta go again. Only pay for what you need. Liberty Liberty Liberty liberty my most important kitchen tool . My brain. So i choose neuriva plus. Unlike some others, neuriva plus is a multitasker supporting 6 key indicators of brain health. To help keep me sharp. Neuriva think bigger. I was thinking, i should probably set up that 90 day refill. Walgreens is all about making life easier. I can help set that up right now for you. Ill be honest, there are days i forget what shes supposed to be taking. Hey, i get it. And youre not alone in this, ok . So james, all these prescriptions. Are they covered . Thats right. 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To help actively repair acidweakened enamel. Ladies and gentlemen, the statue of rosa parks. [ applause ] rosa parks simply did what was natural. She was tired, so she sat down. Today, we will remember with admiration the simple act of a brave woman. Theres a convenience in making it small a small act, an innocent act. I believe when we devoid it of strategy, we create an environment where its easy to fix racism. On the day that rosa parks statue was erected in the capitol, the Supreme Court was hearing Oral Argument in shelby v. Holder, the Voting Rights 1965 Voting Rights act law, to decide whether it was still constitutional. This was a very big deal. Remember what a moment in history it was when Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights act. And now the Supreme Court said, you know what . Times have changed. The old south is gone. These days of systematic exclusion of blacks are over. The court gut the Voting Rights act. The irony in that is rosa parks was at the march from selma to montgomery, which was part of the move to get the Voting Rights act of 1965 passed in the first place. And here they are, in fact, enhancing Voter Suppression on that same day. It erased her whole political history from the 1930s, really, until the eve of her death. It erased the fact that she was part of a movement that was considered a threat to the United States. And so a statue was the way we were going to remember the Civil Rights Movement. And so she gets trapped in this image of this longago problem that we had in this country. And in many ways, the statute reduced and trapped what her legacy actually asks of us. She was very mindful of the ways in which, despite the activism in the 1950s and 60s, we had not made the progress that shed hoped for. Fighting for Voting Rights is about fighting for the right to participate in democracy. The struggle has many parts. Hands up dont shoot hands up it is a struggle which requires a use of direct action. Dont shoot hands up dont shoot each generation has to make its own dent in the wall of injustice. Rosa parks never gave up that torch. She lit the torch to the next generation. We will continue to show our strength in numbers. When you think back on it, if you had to do it all over again, would you do it . Yes, i would. As far as i can remember during my lifetime, i resisted the idea of being mistreated and pushed around because of my race. And i felt that all people should be free regardless of their color. And when the driver demanded that we give up this seat, i felt that the time had come to not take it anymore. I had had enough, and this was truly the end of being pushed around. Yeah please, lord, wont you bind my hands cause i dont wanna hurt nobody oh, lord, wont you guide my soul cause i dont wanna act ungodly oh, lord, wont you help my soul . These heathens want to steal my faith i really need some selfcontrol im trying not to fall from grace lord, please wont you help my soul come strengthen my faith strengthen my faith yeah yeah my asthma felt anything but normal. It was time for a nunormal with nucala. Nucala is a oncemonthly addon treatment for Severe Eosinophilic Asthma that can mean less oral steroids. Not for sudden breathing problems. Allergic reactions can occur. Get help right away for swelling of face, mouth, tongue, or trouble breathing. Infections that can cause shingles have occurred. Dont stop steroids unless told by your doctor. Tell your doctor if you have a parasitic infection. May cause headache, Injection Site reactions, back pain, and fatigue. Ask your Asthma Specialist about a nunormal with nucala. Somethings happening at ihop. Something. Huge. Where are we . Antman and the wasp have arrived. Saving the world from epic dangers. While we feed the hero in everyone. Spend 30 on your next visit to ihop and get a fandango movie ticket to see Marvel Studios antman and the wasp quantumania in theaters february 17th. Ihop. Lets put a smile on your plate. Coming up on the second of ayman, new details on the downing of the chinese surveillance balloon, we will have a live update in a moment. Plus, an indepth conversation about the new chair of the National Governors association. Democratic Governor Phil Murphy of new jersey
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