we know vaccinated people are much, much less likely to contract this. >> reporter: it is really the numbers that are driving this, stephanie. if you look at how difficult it has been for restaurant and bars since the pandemic began, you can see why they made the decision. at this point, we're looking at losses in hundreds of billions of dollars across this time, and the rate of positivity in san francisco has gone up so much, since back when covid restrictions first ended in june, we were less than a percent. now the seven day positivity rate is over 5.5%. that's why restaurants are looking also at the incredible numbers they have inside, $290 billion in debt. more than 90,000 restaurants closed permanently or long term, and so many people walking out of those jobs. that's why bar owners decided to take these steps, steph. >> a number of the numb nuts can now drink at home. jacob, thank you. i want to bring in a professor