that the executive branch has been making for a long time. and what this judge said is absolutely not, congressional investigations are enshrined in the constitution and they have a right to call aides to come and comply with subpoenas. >> it's a separation of powers argument is what judge jackson made yesterday in court, eddie. >> i want to under line what ken just said. oftentimes we confuse two things. there's the bad actor that's donald trump, and then there are the arguments surrounding donald trump around an imperial presidency. and then there's some folks like bill barr who is defending this radical understanding of executive, of executive power, and then there's folks defending trump and the way in which those two things converge. what we saw yesterday is a clear distinction. judge jackson invoked federalist 51 which was all about the separation of powers, right? so we have in some ways a clear annunciation that this idea of