Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why were your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan good evening, and thanks for joining us. President Trumps National security adviser h. R. Mcmaster calls north koreas latest and failed missile test part of a, quote, pattern of provocative, destabilizing and threatening behavior. Only hours after yesterdays massive military parade in pyongyang, north korea launched what was believed to be a mediumrange missile. U. S. Pacific command said it blew up only four or five seconds after launch. South korea said the test threatened the whole world and japan called it a provocation shortly after the failed missile test, the pentagon said President Trump had been briefed, but mr. Trump did not comment. The president attended Easter Services with his family today at a church in palm beach, florida, where theyre spending the holiday weekend. Vice president pence was aboard air force two when the missile test occurred. He spoke about it after landing in seoul, south korea, his first stop on a ten day trip abroad that will also take him to japan, indonesia, and australia. This mornings provocation from the north is just the latest reminder of the risks each one of you face every day in the defense of the freedom of the people of south korea and the defense of america in this part of the world. Sreenivasan a Foreign Policy adviser traveling with pence said the u. S. Was not planning an immediate military response. Seven decades after the korean war, the u. S. Still has 28,000 troops stationed in south korea. National security advisor h. R. Mcmaster, who was meeting with government officials in afghanistan today, said in an interview the u. S. And china are developing a range of options to deal with north korea. So in the coming weeks, months, i think theres a great opportunity for all of us all of us who are really the threat now of this unpredictable regime to take action short of armed conflict, so we can avoid the worst. Sreenivasan the administration of turkeys president , recep tayyip erdogan, is claiming victory in todays referendum to expand his executive powers. With 99 of the votes counted, turkish Election Officials said 51 of turks voted yes to amend the countrys constitution. It will result in abolishing the office of Prime Minister and allowing the president to draft the budget, issue decrees, and appoint judges without parliamentary approval. President erdogan cast his ballot in istanbul and called yes vote a choice for change and transformation. Opponents charge the changes will lead to authoritarian, one man rule and they have already begun challenging the results. For more on the referendum, i am joined by skype from istanbul New York Times reporter patrick kingsley. Is patrick, this is close im sure youve been watching it all night. But one side is claiming victory and the other side says, not so fast. Well, exactly. The administration of president recep tayyip ergt has claimed victory. His Prime Minister ben ali will be out of a job, just made a speech claiming victory. The main opposition has contesting what it says around 37 of ballot boxes and that could be well over 2 million votes in there. Sreenivasan what is the concern the opposition has . No circulating taking five ballot slips and placing them within a ballot box and the main opposition, chp says there could be millions but yet to be proved. Sreenivasan how strong is the possibility that the opposition could mount enough of a challenge to eight over the role of president for a couple of years . For people watching in the United States how competitive is it then . It feels very unlikely at the moment. President erdogan is for the moment the most popular man in turkey at the moment even if he is a very divisive man. If theres a main figure within the Main Opposition Party who is currently out of jail who could mount a particularly strong opposition to him, never say never but he seems unlikely to win in 2019 and his Opposition Party seems to be the Biggest Party in parliament. The only means to have a check on the president is to form a majority in parliament in turkey right now but that seems unlikely. How much of a fabt did the attempted coup play into this vote . It may have a major effect, because president erdogan was able to show there was a very real threat to turkish address. The faction in the army trying to surface from power. And for that reason, we need to create a stability and you the electorate night to vote for this constitutional change that would centralize power of the president. Sreenivasan was turkey and was erdogan conscious of what the rest of the world thought of this referendum and what happens tomorrow . They were very conscious, the renal why president erdogan and his allies stoked so many battles with european and european politicians, he called the europeans nazis in holland and germany, the reason he did that was to seem turkey under siege, and making them seeming like only president erdogan was standing up for them and turkey. He was very well aware of how they felt the turkey and how they felt about it. Sreenivasan thank you patrick kingsley. Sreenivasan in a development that could upset neighboring india, landlocked nepal today launched its first ever joint military exercises with china, its neighbor to the north. Nepal said the ten days of exercises at its paratroop Training School in kathmandu will focus on counterterrorism, but did not say how many nepalese and chinese troops are involved. Chinese president xi jinping and nepals Prime Minister met recently in beijing and agreed to increase cooperation. China also gave nepal billions of dollars to help it rebuild after a devastating earthquake in 2015. The ambitious evacueeswap of syrian civilians between government and rebelheld areas resumed today following yesterdays devastating car bomb attack on buses carrying evacuees near aleppo. Todays exchange of thousands of evacuees involved four besieged towns, two progovernment villages and two rebelheld towns. The syrian observatory for human rights says the death toll from yesterdays bombing of a bus convoy has risen to at least 126, with most of the victims women and children. At the vatican today, pope francis delivered his traditional easter message from the balcony of saint peters basilica. His focus was war and violence around the world, and in particular, syria. Referring to yesterdays bus convoy bombing, the pope condemned what he called, the latest vile attack on refugees. Francis also denounced repressive regimes and urged World Leaders to ease conflicts. In the complex and often dramatic situations of todays world, may the risen lord guide the steps of all those who work for justice and peace. May he grant the leaders of nations the courage they need to prevent the spread of conflicts and to put a halt to the arms trade. This artist and filmmaker has documented the rise of far right nationalism in central europe. Ad more at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Sreenivasan federal law requires American Companies with 50 or more employees to offer 12 weeks of unpaid family leave to care for a newborn, another child, a spouse, or a parent with a serious medical condition. The law also requires employers to let anyone taking the leave to come back to work. Now, democratic members of congress have reintroduced a bill to grant paid family leave, and its an idea President Trump said he wants to pursue. Some states are already experimenting with paid family leave, and in tonights signature segment, newshour weekends Christopher Booker went to one of them rhode island to see how its working. Reporter living and working in rhode island, julie moura hit the family leave lottery. Not only did i get 20 weeks off, but i got 20 weeks paid. Its like peace of mind, right. Youre going out and you know that youre going to continue to get paid at the same pay, and so youre not worrying about that piece. Youre focusing on bonding with the baby. Reporter her lengthy Maternity Leave was a combination of a rare state Insurance Program and her employers paid family leave policy. She works for the rhode island based toy company, hasbro, the makers of mr. Potato head, my little pony, and some of americas most well known board games. You know, we want to be an employer of choice and talent, for us, is everything. Reporter Dolph Johnson heads hasbros Human Resources team. He says paid family leave is a benefit that entices quality employees to work for the company. Not only are we recruiting great talent, but that great talent, theyre recruiting companies. So its really important for us to make sure that they understand how much immense value we put on raising kids, and how important that is, because, you know, thats central to our business. Reporter johnson says Companies Like disney, google, and netflix are models hasbro has tried to emulate in offering paid family leave. Disney offers 12 weeks of Maternity Leave, google, four months, and netflix, up to a year of parental leave. But those companies and hasbro are rare. Only 13 of American PrivateSector Workers have any kind of paid family leave. In fact, the 1993 federal family and medical leave act requires employers only to offer 12 weeks of unpaid leave. Companies with 50 or fewer employees are exempt, so only about 60 of American Workers are covered. Rhode island decided to go further than federal law. It requires employees to pay into a state fund so they can take paid family leave. So whether you work for retail giant, Urban Outfitters or a small vintage clothing store, you are eligible. Rhode islands Program Allows eligible employees to collect about 60 of their salary for four weeks to care for a newborn, an adopted or foster child. Employees can also the benefit to care for a seriously ill child, a parent, a spouse, a domestic partner, a parentin law or grandparent. The program, called temporary caregiver insurance, or t. C. I. , is an extension of the states long standing Disability Insurance. Funded by a 1. 2 payroll tax on most rhode island employees, even parttime workers are eligible for the Insurance Program. The maximum benefit paid out is about 800 a week and workers who take it are guaranteed their job back when rhode island implemented the law in 2014, it became only the third state to mandate paid family leave, after california and new jersey. Next year, new york is scheduled to join them. Julie moura, who already had paid family leave offered by her company, got even more paid time off. And because of the state mandate, her husband was able to join her for four weeks when their last baby was born. I think that my husband and i both were able to not stress as much as we did the first time and know that we had these additional weeks and the additional amount of pay. So it, i mean, invaluable time. There was certainly strong support from the public. Reporter rhode island state senator, gayle goldin sponsored the family leave law. The democrat was inspired by her personal experience. 16 years ago, a serious back injury left her on disability for several weeks. Thankfully, rhode island had this temporary Disability Insurance in place, and so i was able to use that to cover my own care. But my husband did not have access to that in order to care give for me. And thats really when we realized what a stressor that was on a family when you need to be able to take care of somebody else. Reporter senator goldin says in rhode island, the law is meant to fill the gap, especially in a state ranked ninth in residents over age 65. The reality is that most children have their parents in the workforce, and most people are trying to deal with aging parents and Young Children at the same time. Its important that even if people who dont have children, they do have loved ones that are going to get seriously ill at some point. Its a reality we all experience. So this is a way that we can ensure that everybody has at least some minimum benefit when they need to be able to be out of work to deal with those issues. Reporter after the paid family leave law was implemented, the state Labor Department contracted university of rhode island sociologist Helen Mederer and psychologist barbara silver to study the program. The people who took t. C. I. Were more likely to endorse better physical health, they were more likely to initiate and sustain breastfeeding for new children, they reported less stress, and less family stress, which as we know is a major problem. We also found a significantly lower rate of absenteeism after returning to work, among people who use t. C. I. Reporter but the researchers did find a difference in just who was using the benefit. Across all income groups, loss of pay was the most frequently reported reason for not using the paid family leave program, but higher earners were more likely to use the benefit. So lower wage workers not only dont have the ability to take whats offered to them, from the state, but they dont have any employer benefits, they cant afford alternative care, and so theyre left with nothing, and theyre left with very unhappy choices. Do i leave my sick child at home, and go to work . Do i not go to work, and lose my job . Do i reduce myself to part time . Do i go on public assistance . Which is what a lot of people have to do. Reporter throughout the state, a majority of small and mediumsized employers support the program. Only a quarter oppose it. That opposition is strongest among Small Businesses. Mike chenevert runs swissline precision, a Manufacturing Company that produces components of medical, aerospace, and other commercial products. Most of his 51 employees are highly skilled technicians who run complex machines. How much training does it take to get an employee up to speed to be able to respond to these orders . To get somebody where they can program and set up a machine, it does take some time and investment. Reporter so, six months or. . It can take upwards of a year. Reporter chenevert says that even though as an employer he doesnt have to pay into the t. C. I. Program, there is a cost. Losing even one worker for four weeks of paid family leave can hurt the companys productivity. Weve always been a family oriented company. Weve always tried to work with our employees and give them the time that they need to take care of their families. It can really be devastating in some aspects. Especially if its a topnotch, someone thats going to be setting up and programming the machines. I lose one person that does that, it definitely can put a lot of burden on the other employees that are in our facility. Reporter while the federal family leave law exempts companies with 50 or fewer employees, Rhode Islands law does not. You do have Big Companies that are multibillion dollar companies, then you have smaller Companies Like ourselves. I mean its, it can be daunting to try to kind of put everybody in the same bucket. Some of the Big Companies have a lot more resources than we do. And they also offer different benefit packages that we may not be able to meet. Reporter we met with a Small Business owner, and while he is supportive of the effort, his criticism is that the productivity hit that he takes. The reality is, people have heart attacks whether or not you have temporary Disability Insurance in place. So businesses already have to deal with that, the loss of somebody being out of office or out of the Manufacturing Company or wherever they are. You know, i think what is important to know is this is at least giving relief to the employee. And to the employer, now they only have one thing that they have to deal with, which is how to fill up that space while the employees out. Reporter john simmons would like the family leave Insurance Program to be optional. Hes executive director of the rhode island Public Expenditure council, a businessfunded policy research organization. So we believe the optout should be provided for employees. There is a whole market out there on short and longterm disability that could replace it. Could be mobile, could be portable by the employee as well. Reporter while Companies Like hasbro believe offering paid family leave beyond the state mandate gives it a recruitment advantage, simmons worries the mandate to offer temporary caregiver insurance hurts competition for jobs with neighboring states. Massachusetts and connecticut do not offer t. C. I. , so we now are at a disadvantage because people thought that was the right approach to go think of this as a marketdriven question. The employer should be able to offer it or not offer it. Reporter about 15,000 rhode island re