Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20170221

Dont have to be angry. I dont have to fight. I dont have to show off. All i need to do is breathe. Woodruff all that and more, on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by xq institute. Bnsf railway. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the federal government has formally begun moving tonight to get tougher on illegal immigration. The department of Homeland Security formally set that in motion today, with toplevel memos. The new memos on immigration were set in motion just after President Trumps inauguration. I just signed two executive orders that will save thousands of lives, millions of jobs, and billions and billions of dollars. Woodruff now, the secretary of Homeland Security, john kelly, is putting the president ial orders into practice. His directives greatly expand the pool of immigrants subject to quick deportation. Now, anyone in the u. S. Illegally, whos charged or convicted of any crime, is an enforcement priority. The Obama Administration focused on immigrants convicted of serious crimes, threats to National Security and recent border crossers. White house Spokesman Sean Spicer the message from this white house and from the department of Homeland Security is that those people who are in this country and pose a threat to our public safety, or who have committed a crime, will be the first to go, and we will be aggressively making sure that occurs. Woodruff the new directives do not change the Obama Program known as daca, that protected from deportation more than 750,000 young immigrants from the socalled dreamers. Mr. Trump addressed their plight, during last Weeks White House news conference. Were going to show great heart. To me, its one of the most difficult subjects i have, because you have these incredible kids. Woodruff today, he told nbc news, we are going to try to take care of the dreamers very, very much. Authorities do plan to enforce a longstanding provision on people caught in the act of illegally crossing the mexican border. They will be sent back to mexico, even if theyre from a different country. On plans for a border wall, the kelly memos identify locations near el paso, texas, tucson, arizona, and el centro, california for initial construction. In addition, secretary kelly has directed immigration and Customs Enforcement to hire 10,000 additional officers and agents. All of this comes amid rising fears among immigrants, and nationwide protests. Last week, activists staged a day without immigrants, shutting down restaurants and stores to highlight the contributions of workers born outside the u. S. I belong here. So i think its important to show support and to try to open their eyes that were not here to be criminals. Woodruff and, immigration advocates point to two cases in phoenix and seattle, in which people were detained despite apparent protection under president obamas policies. In the days other news, the death of a mexican teenager at the hands of a u. S. Border patrol agent reached the u. S. Supreme court. It happened in 2010, between el paso, texas, and ciudad juarez, mexico. The agent was on the american side when he fired at the boy on the mexican side. Details of what preceded the shooting are in dispute. The teens family is seeking the right to sue the agent in u. S. Federal court. In israel, a military Court Sentenced Army Sergeant elor azaria to a year and a half in prison for killing a wounded palestinian attacker. Diana magnay of independent Television News reports on the outcome in the hotly debated case. Grinning with nerves perhaps as he enters the courtroom and still in the comfort of his mothers arms as he awaits sentencing. Sergeant elor azaria, 11 months ago an unnamed teenage army medic now a household name and something of a hero to many in israel after a military trial which has divided the nation. And the National Anthem from his supporters once the sentence is handed down. 18 months jail time, one year on probation and a demotion in rank, which his defense team says theyll appeal. Rewind to march last year in the town of hebron in the occupied west bank. On the ground is a palestinian man. Moments before he and another palestinian had stabbed and wounded an israeli soldier. The other man is dead. This man lice wounded and seemingly harmless. None of the soldiers pay him much attention, except for one, 19yearold elor azaria. He caulks his gun, steps forward and fires. In hebron today, alsharifs family watched as azaria celebrated. The prosecutor had asked for three to five years, but the sentence was less than half that. The judge citing mitigating circumstances, that hebron was hostile territory and the suffering the azaria family had experienced throughout the trial. translated getting a year and a half is a joke. This is not a sentenced. If one of us killed an animal, they would put us in jail for god knows how long. Theyre just making fun of us. To azarias supporters, hes a hero, no matter the rules of engagement. Hes already spent a year in jail dealing with this. His family has been broken. His father had a stroke. His mother collapsed. And hes got no backing from our government. I dont blame the army. I blame bibi. Bibi, israels Prime Minister, benjamin netanyahu, has gone from backing the military on azarias case for last month asking for him to be pardoned. Woodruff the Prime Minister was out of the country today, and had no immediate comment on the sentence. There has been another migrant tragedy in the mediterranean. The libyan red crescent says at least 74 bodies of african migrants have washed ashore near a city in western libya. They had been on a rubber dinghy that was trying to sail to italy. Officials say more bodies are still floating offshore. Back in this country, hundreds of people in Northern California were forced to evacuate their homes, after heavy storms sent creeks and rivers flowing over their banks. In san jose, fire crews carried out a series of rescues as water levels surged. One rescue came near a homeless encampment, amid reports that up to 40 people might be trapped. Normally, thats only three or four feet deep out there, but that water is not where it normally sits, so i cant tell you how deep it is. All of the water in the coyote creek watershed right now is dangerous. Its swift moving. Its carrying debris with it from areas that havent seen water in years. And on top of that, it may be contaminated. Woodruff Authorities Say it may take four days or longer for the rivers to begin to fall. The new head of the u. S. Environmental protection agency, scott pruitt, struck a conciliatory tone today. As oklahomas attorney general, he sued the e. P. A. More than a dozen times to rein in regulations. He also expressed doubt about climate science. Today, he told agency staffers that he wants to listen, learn and lead. The rally resumed on wall street today, after the president s day break. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained nearly 119 points to close at 20,743. The nasdaq rose 27 points, and the s p 500 added 14. All three closings were new record highs. And, the national zoo in washington, d. C. Said goodbye to bao bao, its threeyearold giant panda cub. After a last breakfast, zookeepers packed the panda up, put her in a fexex travel crate, including bamboo and other snacks, and drove her to washington Dulles Airport to catch her flight, the panda express. After a 16hour flight, bao bao will join a Panda Breeding program in china. Well miss her. Still to come on the newshour more details on the trump administrations plan to deport undocumented immigrants; fears of a spike in antisemitic violence; using meditation to improve student learning, and much more. Woodruff we take a deeper look now at todays directives on immigration laid out by the federal department of Homeland Security. Joining us from miami, alan gomez, an immigration reporter for usa today; and from tucson, nancy montoya, Senior Reporter on immigration on border issues for arizona public media. We welcome both of you to the program. Alan gomez, to you first. You wrote today that this is going to mean a significant shift in the governments deportation strategy. Just how big a shift are we talking about . Its really difficult to put into context just how big this is. Theres many components of what President Trump is trying to do that hes going to need help from congress. When we talk about building a border wall, hiring 10,000 more immigration and Customs Enforcement officers and agents, hiring more Border Patrol, hiring more immigration judge, hes going to need a lot of help from congress on, that but even if you put all of that aside, changes that were announced today in department of Homeland Security memos represent one of the biggest shifts in Immigration Enforcement weve seen in a generation. The pool of undocumented immigrants that are now available to be deported has vastly increased, the powers of immigration agents have vastly increased, the ability of local police to be deputized to carry out not just ice function but Border Patrol function is now a reality and something thats going to increase. So when you look across the board at all the different changes they make, again, its really difficult to explain how big of a change this is. Basically most undocumented immigrants living in the country now are at a high risk of deportation. Woodruff nancy montoya, is that what you see in youve covered border and immigration stories for the last several decades. Absolutely. I agree with alan that we are seeing a major shift in how immigration is functioning in the United States. Its not just that the president is going to require help from congress in order to implement all these changes. Its also the attitude of people around the world, how will they view america. Ive been talking to folks along the u. S. Mexican border all day long today, and i can tell you in my nearly four decades of covering the u. S. Mexico border, i have never seen such energy and such emotion coming from the border, and its not positive energy either. Woodruff alan gomez, there is a contradiction going on here, because on the one hand, we hear the secretary of Homeland Security john kelly saying, no, were not talking about mass deportation, but on the other hand, there is an enormous amount of fear thats being described in the reporting of those who have been talking to people who could be affected by this. Thats because theres a difference between saying that youre going to target undocumented immigrants who have a criminal record and what else youre allowed to do. President obama and President Trump have said the same thing, that their target for their limited deportation dollars are undocumented immigrants who have a criminal conviction on their background, who are gang members, who pose some sort of threat to National Security, but what is different under President Trump is that now there are more people who are deemed enforcement priorities. That means you dont have to be convicted of a crime, you can simply be charged of a crime, just be arrested and charged with that crime. You can commit an act that an immigration agent deems is a deporteddable offense on his own and initiates deportation proceedings against you, and along the way while ice is conducting its operations, it is now ice policy, which for the first time, that anyone that they pick up along the way who just has purely immigration violations on their record can also be rounded up. So thats why everybody is scared that its not just going to be criminal undocumented immigrants, its going to be a whole pool. Woodruff nancy montoya, how clear is all this to the people who are affected by it . Its not clear at all. In fact, i talked today with groups from daca and dafa, which are the deferred action folks, who are supposedly safe under these new orders. They dont feel safe at all. In fact, they told me that President Trump has used up all his potential credibility when it comes to immigration issues. They do not trust him. They do not believe that they are safe. Many of the daca students, who are the dreamers, those who were brought here as children, told me today that there is still this fear. However, going alongside of that fear is this renewed energy because groups from all over the country, all over arizona, are meeting, are working together, and so you are going to see a surge of protests like never before. Woodruff meantime, assuming they get the funding for it, alan gomez, the administration is talking about another 10,000 ice immigration agents. There are already about that many, what, 12,000 immigration and Border Patrol officials, if you add it together. So were looking at a doubling of the number of people who are going to be carrying out enforcement. What is that expected to mean . What that means is that right now if youre an undocumented imgrant who is living in the United States under president obama, the odds of you running into an immigration officer, the odds of a raid at your. Woodruff you mean under President Trump. You mean under President Trump . No, im. Woodruff oh, you were making a comparison. Go ahead. Before the odds of you running into an immigratio agent who was going to arrest you and start deportation hearings was very low. This ramps that up dramatically, and it allows. When you add the numbers of ice agents with their new directives and knowing they can target anybody they encounter on the street, youre going to have what weve seen in the last couple weeks, which is panic. There is a school in Corpus Christi that had to close down because there is the fear that immigration agents were in the neighborhood. Youll see more of them in those immigrant communities see ice agents in the area, its going to create panic in that community. And were going to see that repeating itself over and over. Woodruff nancy montoya, is that what you think may be happening . And if thats the case, what are the recourses for people who are out there who have questions . Do they feel they can even come forward and try to get those questions answered . One of the things that has amazed me is how the Faith Community has come together. Back in the 1980s there was something called the Sanctuary Movement that started right here in tucson, in fact, at South Side Presbyterian Church. Thats when Central American refugees fleeing the violence of the civil war in Central America wound up in the u. S. Now, just two or three weeks ago, South Side Presbyterian Church again has ignited the Sanctuary Movement. Right now there are more than 2,000 churches, synagogues and mosques around the country that are calling themselves sanctuary sites where people can go in and ask for help, and i was asked how do people find this. If you just google sanctuary church, youll be able to hook up with a church, a mosque in your area. Woodruff alan gomez, finally, for those who have questions about this, where do they turn in where can they go to get answers . Thats a very good question. Its right now the best thing you can. The only option you have right now is to look at the two memos that department of Homeland Security put out there. The white house and Homeland Security have tried to provide some guidance. It took some prodding from us today for them to say on the record that daca will remain and that those people who have those daca protections, those will be honored. And so, yeah, i think a little bit like we saw with the travel ban a few weeks ago, were operating in a bit of a gray space where were not quite sure how exactly all these orders are going to be implemented. We have a lot of questions about how specific aspects that we havent even had time to get into tonight are going to be implemented, and i think its going to be like you saw with the travel ban, little by little, as things get tested, and as people fight back and sue the department of Homeland Security in certain cases, that were going to realize what this all means. Woodruff well, the newshour will continue to cover this. Very closely, alan gomez, nancy montoya, we thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Woodruff the past couple of months have seen a wave of antisemitic incidents in the United States, including a dozen bomb threats at Jewish Community centers in the past two days, and the destruction of gravestones in a Jewish Cemetery in missouri. The president today made a statement of condemnation, but it comes amid growing concerns in this country about antisemitism and other incidents involving hate, and some criticism that President Trump hasnt responded forcefully, and quickly, enough. John yang has the story. Reporter over the past two days, authorities have evacuated Jewish Community centers in a dozen cities across the country, the latest this morning in la jolla, california. Reporter no explosive devices were found, but its part of an unsettling series of events. On monday, more than 200 headstones were toppled and damaged at a Jewish Cemetery in st. Louis. Since january, 54 Jewish Centers in 27 states have been the target of 70 threats in all of 2016, there was just one such incident. This morning, at the National Museum of African American history and culture, President Trump condemned the threats. The antisemitic threats targeting our Jewish Community and Community Centers are horrible and are painful. And a very sad reminder of the work that still must be done to root out hate, prejudice and evil. Reporter mr. Trumps comments followed mondays tweet from his daughter ivanka, who converted to orthodox judaism before her 2009 marriage to Jared Kushner we must protect our houses of worship and religious centers. The president was far stronger today than he was last week, when, in two news conferences over two days, he was asked about the apparent uptick in antisemitic incidents. On thursday, he dismissed a question from a reporter for an Orthodox Jewish weekly as very insulting and unfair. Number one, i am the least antisemitic person that youve ever seen in your entire life. I hate the charge, i find it repulsive. Reporter today, the Antidefamation League urged mr. Trump to present a plan to combat antisemitism. And we are joined by Jonathan Greenblatt, the head of the Antidefamation League. Jonathan, thanks for joining us. You tweeted this afternoon that polling shows antisemitic views have been fairly constant despite an uptick in 2013 and 2016. Why then are we seeing this wave of threats against Jewish Community centers . Whats going on here, in your view . Well, look, the a. D. L. Has been tracking Antisemitic Attitudes since the 1960s. As you said, our latest poll, which looks at Antisemitic Attitudes in 2016 turned up about 14 of all americans harbor these ideas. Thats more than 30 million americans some its not a small number. But i think whats changed is the fact that over the course of the last 12 to 18 months we had a Political Campaign that saw extremism move from the margins into the mainstream of the political conversation. We saw images and ideas from White Supremacists literally shared from Political Campaigns showing up in the twitter feeds of major news organizations. Youre talking about political rallies, as well. After the election there was a surge of hate crime. We saw acts of vandalism, certainry a lot of slander on social media, and, in fact, in the last few months, as you mentioned, a number of bomb threats, almost 70, to dozens of Jewish Community Centers Across the country. So i think whats happened is the extremists feel emboldened. The lack of comments from the highest levels of our Political Office have created a vacuum that they have rushed to fill, bringing their hateful ideas literally into the center of our public life. Thats got to stop. Yang the president did speak out today. Whats your response to that . What do you think of what he said . He did. The president took an important first step today. Literally we hadnt heard him speak in the way that he did, talking about these threats are painful and antisemitism is horrible. Of course we agree, so his Statement Today was an important first step. But as we said for a long time, now we need the next step, which is a plan of action to calm these communities where anxiety has reached an incredibly high level. Yang what do you want to see him do . There are a series of things we think its time for the president to announce steps to the white house to undertake. Number one, the f. B. I. Has been fantastic in responding to these threats and these scares. But wed like to see a fullfledged comprehensive investigation from the department of justice using all of their energies to launch a civil rights investigation. Theyve got the power to do that and to work with u. S. Attorneys around the country. Attorney general sessions should get that started immediately. Number two, wed like to see a White House Task force on hate crimes. This could be something again convened by the attorney general, but you would bring to bear d. H. S. , the department of education, the f. B. I. And other federal agencies to use all of their resources to deal with this problem. Number three, Law Enforcement needs to be trained on dealing with extremism. The a. D. Does a. D. L. Does this already around the country. We need to make sure every officer understands how to deal with hate. And we think every state should have hate crimes laws. Its worth sharing, john, that five states today dont have hate crimes laws including South Carolina where just last week man was arraigned, he had been arrested by the f. B. I. For plotting a columbinestyle attack on a synagogue in myrtle beach. But you know what, that man couldnt be charged with a hate crime in South Carolina because it doesnt have a law on the books. So the attorney general could push and the president could push gives and state attorney generals to move forward with hate crimes laws all over america to protect the Jewish Community and other marginalized groups. Yang we have about a minute left. The president was asked about this very topic three times over two press conferences. Yeah. Yang what did you think of the responses last week, and why do you think it took him until today to get to where he is today and what he said today in. Look, the response last week in both press conferences was clearly inadequate. What we should focus on now is hes taken the first step. So how do we seize this opportunity . How can you manifest more leadership and say, im not only outraged, i am energized to take action. And when he does that, the a. D. L. Will be prepared to work with him to find the perpetrators and to ensure that america truly is no place for hate. Yang Jonathan Greenblatt of the Antidefamation League, thank you for joining us. Youre welcome. Thank you. Woodruff stay with us. Coming up on the newshour coal miners who have placed their bets on President Trumps promise to bring back jobs; and using the game of chess to help troubled youth. But first, baltimore, maryland has high unemployment and a Violent Crime rate of nearly twice the national average. Educators say factors like these add significant stress to children, and cause emotional and behavioral problems. Several area Public Schools are working to reduce that stress with programs that teach mindfulness and meditation. Our Hari Sreenivasan has the story, for our weekly series, making the grade. And exhale, pushing out all the things that make you stressed out. Sreenivasan this isnt your local yoga studio. Its the mindful moments room at Patterson High School in east baltimore. Its a place students go when they act up, get stressed out, or just need a break. I do this because my day is so stressful, and as soon as i walk in the door, i dont even have to do exercises, theres just a big smile on my face because im in here. If they didnt have mindful moments in patterson, i would not be here at all. Sreenivasan why . Because its too stressful, and for to not have a place to relieve stress is like putting you in a oven. Sreenivasan these students i struggled with depression and grief and really bad suicidal thoughts. I had to find a way to get out of it. My moment is when you take a deep breath, like a moment a mindful moment is when you, you just take a deep breath like a moment of conflict and just like and you can just look at that and you know i can do this in a different way. I dont have to fight this person, i dont have to look violence as the issue or violence as an answer. When you get really angry at somebody else and they want to fight you and youre close to losing it, what do you do . I go to the back of the room and sit by myself and destress. What is that person going to say . She lost . Shes scared . At that pilot, i dont care. Given all the stresses that theyre living with, how does taking a few breaths help . Theres drama, theres violence, theres all kinds of issues. They need it more than most kids who dont have that sort of trauma in their everyday lives. Those are the kids that really do need to step outside of that cycle of violence. Patterson principal vance benton agrees. Outside the school build, sometimes difficult situation, hopefully they will be able to take a breath, reconsider, and possibly walk away from death. When i say walk away from death, that means either death themselves or them killing someone based on a situation that exploded. Sreenivasan a survey at patterson high four years ago showed most students experienced the death of a relative or neighbor. The founders of Holistic Life approached the principal soon thereafter with an idea. Principal benton is so convinced he now meditates every day. The feel in here since weve had the mindful moment is a bit calmer. Children are a lot calmer. I dont believe in jinx so ill say this, that although there are altercations that happen during the course of a school day, during the course of a school year, our male students, particularly our black male students, they dont fight each other in this building. Sreenivasan theres research that shows the effectiveness of mindfulness and meditation but whether or not it is effective in the classroom will take more research. Scientific studies in Peer Reviewed journals have shown mindfulness meditation that focuses on breathing has positive impacts on important parts of the brain. The amygdala, stimulated from strong emotions such as fear, shows less activity through meditation. The hippocampus, which regulates the amygdala and is key to learning and memory, becomes more active following mindfulness. And the prefrontal cortex, associated with maturity and making wise decisions, also becomes more active. Erica sibinga of Johns Hopkins university has published studies on mindfulness practice and children. Our qualitative data, our interview data from youth do suggest that they use these techniques to help them settle themselves before they take tests, to help them have better sleep patterns and sleep hygiene, and we believe that those outcomes will also have downstream effects on academic performance. Sreenivasan education administrators often look at Measurable Results test scores, graduation rates. But how can you measure the effectiveness of mindfulness . Inhale in deep. Bring all the goodness in. Exhale and out, send all that bad stuff out your brain. When you lay down, close your eyes, and you relax and you thats the time, thats the time for you just relax and make sure you think of the good things in your mind. When you have all the love in your heart and you just want to send it to somebody, not even calling on the phone, all you got to do is inhale and send all of it out and they gonna get it. Sreenivasan third and fourth graders at coleman elementary practice yoga and meditation during after School Programs often without anyone to lead them. Their principal, carlilian thompson, has noticed a major change in behavior in the last three years. Since its been in effect, office referrals, the number has gone to almost zero. We have zero suspensions. The children are now able to embrace it and realize that, i dont have to be angry. I dont have to fight. I dont have to show off. All i need to do is breathe. Sreenivasan mindfulness breathing programs are now in more than a dozen baltimore schools. Similar programs are in schools in at least 15 states across the country. Im Hari Sreenivasan for the pbs newshour, in baltimore. Woodruff now, a special series this week, on the hopes and economic realities of many of those americans who voted for President Trump. Three reports will take us to erie county, pennsylvania; central valley, california; and the coal towns of west virginia. The president made economic promises in each of these places that helped him win. Filmmakers with pbss frontline went to those areas looking for personal stories. Our first report is set in coal country, in west virginia, and profiles two miners we spoke with after the election. It is part of how the deck is stacked, newshours collaboration with frontline and marketplace, in conjunction with the corporation for public broadcasting. I have been registered democrat all my life, but i crossed over this year. I voted for donald trump. Because he promised to help the coal miner. And for this region, we need help. There is good men out here, just walking the streets. Their families are getting desperate. Welfare cant keep people forever. These men need to go back to work. So i just left parts of virginia, and west virginia. And the coal industry is decimated. The miners are out of work. They are totally out of work. I mean, theres there will be no such thing as coal in this country pretty soon. What were going to do, folks, is going to be so special. Were going to bring back our jobs. We are going to win. We are going to be america first. We are going to make America Great again. I really want to be a coal miner. I always have been, ever since i was in high school. Everybody had their dreams about being a basketball player, football player, i always just wanted to be a coal miner. The only thing that i really given thought about is trump getting in office and going back to work. My American Dream would just be to watch my kids grow up happy and healthy. Thats the only thing i could ever ask for. I didnt have anything very long, you know. Not a whole lot, anyway. Didnt make enough. Didnt work long enough. They said that things went dry. It made it really, really hard to take care of a baby and a wife. Since the election, a lot of lights have came on in mining. Most of them have a job waiting on them, or they wouldnt be here to spend that money. Getting outside with nobody hurt, now thats what pays the bills, and pays it the right way. We dont want no blood on that coal, nobody does. What year is this truck . 14. I just got it, two months before i got laid off. So you need to hurry and get back to work, dont you . I guess i basically seek it because its hard work. Ive always been a fan of hard work. Its the way i was brought up. A family man, i guess. Whatre you doing, buddy . Callie, shes four days old. She was just born on friday. Colton, he will be two in february. My father never was really there through the picture, you know. I only got to meet him twice. I never would let my kids down, i always told myself that. Coal mining, i dont think its that risky. My familys done it for generations, but i think its well worth it. You know, there is risk in everything you take. Respirable dust is on the test you cant see that with your naked eye. The dust you see, youll cough up. It gets caught in your throat and in your nose and in your mouth. If well do our job, we can eliminate black lung. Its something you dont want as part of your check. Coal mining is a rough job. I was very seldom off. I worked six days a week, and sometimes seven. I worked 16 hours a day instead of eight. When i first went in the mines in 1969, the risk factor of black lung disease wasnt mentioned a whole lot. I was one of them young coal miners, i would never get it. No, not me. I mean, it happens to a lot of these older miners, but not me. Thats what i thought. The doctor told me, said youve contracted, now you need to do something about it. But, buying a home, buying two automobiles, i had my daughter in school. You couldnt go out and just quit work and go hunt a job somewhere in another field that you wasnt even trained for. So i had to keep working, had to keep going, until one day you realize hey, i have done went too far. Our new administration is talking about repealing obamacare and doing away with obamacare and starting a new one. And one of our greatest fears now is, if you take these provisions out for the coal miners i spent four and a half years in litigation to get my black lung benefits started. I wouldnt want my wife to spend four and a half years trying to get her started, if something were to happen to me. I realize a lot of coal mines are shutting down. They file bankruptcy, but taking a mans benefits shouldnt be part of it. And everything that was promised unto him to go to work should be there waiting on him when he gets ready to retire, without any controversy. He earned that. I thought i was ten foot tall and bulletproof. It didnt take long for me to realize i wasnt. Now, i find myself as a 69year old, broken down coal miner. I think its going to be the one to take me out in the end. They can say well, this man died of black lung. If it picks up and it starts booming, thats probably all ill do for the rest of my life. Until i retire, anyway. Id love to do that. Be a coal miner. Support my family, make good money. You know, have something in life. If i could give any advice to woodruff for a look at the full length film, go to the newshour website at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Woodruff as we reported earlier, President Trump visited the African American museum of history and culture today, spending time learning about the struggle to overcome racism in the United States. Tonight, another installment in our series race matters, focused on finding solutions to racism. Special correspondent Charlayne Hunter gault reports from athens, georgia, on finding success in the game of chess. Reporter this is one of lemuel larouches day jobs, teaching graduate students in the university of georgias school of social work. But larouche is a man of many parts, one who doesnt separate town from gown, especially the parts of town populated by troubled youth. And to that end, larouche puts all of his teaching skills to work, with troubled and not so troubled youth, and others from other places, with chess the game he loves and sees as more than a game. Yes, because a lot of times, chess is such a metaphor for life. When i teach chess, i try to teach it from the perspective of, how do you take this game, and corelate it with the real world . This is a game that can unify people. When i teach chess, i try to teach it from the perspective of how do you take this game and correlate it with the real world. When teaching children how to play chess, i try to teach them how to look at the world different. The same goes when you give a man fish, hes for a day. When you teach a man how to fish, hes for a lifetime. I try to apply the same concept with chess. I just think more critically, i have to focus more, because in chess, if you mess up moves, then you can basically throw your whole game off. You really think about what to do before you do it. But you also begin to close the spaces between black children and white children and latin children. Tell me how you did that in. I adopt a program in their own viewpoints, their political and religious views. If we can succeed at putting children together, getting children to shake hands, look into each others eyes, have that socialization in where they can engage, and touch each other in a positive way, then that child can potentially become the beacon. And when that child becomes a mayor or a commissioner or is put in a position, he or she has some experience or have had an experience with African American youth. So, using chess as a tool to bring kids together, we do it through chess and pizza, chess and ice cream, where we bring these kids together, that in essence, force the parents to come together, and before we know it, we have a community that will begin to build collectively. Reporter and they begin to understand each other beyond chess . Indeed, because thats important, and often times chess is just used as a hook to bring to the table, but beyond chess now that i have a relationship with you, if i have been programmed to see you as a criminal, as a thug, all these code names, if i have been chess is a way for you to have that oneonone interaction, and now i realize, that man who i thought was a thug just beat me in chess. Reporter you have also brought in police, who as we all know, had a very rocky relationship around the country, to watch the Police Officers engage with youth in a game of chess is, that, to me, its a brilliant thing. One is because, a lot of times the way we have been programmed and conditioned to see each other. Kids have been programmed to hate the police, based on historical mistrust, as well as relationships that they have had with parents, or they have seen a Police Officer incarcerate the parent, so there is a negative stereotype about Police Officers in our community. And oftentimes, Police Officers have been programmed to see a lot of young African American youth as criminals because of the things that they have dealt with. By engaging the kids with the Police Officers in a game of chess, it helps both the youth as well as Police Officers to break the stereotypes that weve developed about each other. Reporter and you get reactions . Very positive reactions, because one, the kid now recognizes he has seen a Police Officer smile, theres positive socialization, people are beginning to engage with each other. The Police Officer is telling a kid, man, you beat me in chess. It develops a relationship that you dont see. So once a year, we have whats called justice served, and this is the way for the kids who whip up on the Police Officers through chess, but all in positive interaction. Reporter how do you brige the gaps . By building what weve built locally in athens. It was a process it took years. You first have to allow those who are in positions of power to engage with people who are affected by policies that are being joined. So to get both in a room, weve helped to strengthen that process through, by annual chess conference. This is a conference that brings policy makers in the room with kids that are affected by policies. Reporter now youre talking about chess. I want to talk about, how you do it, if you dont have chess as the centerpiece . I truly believe that it is important to try to reach them at the youth, at the ground level. Reporter who has to take the lead . What kind of people do you think need to get engaged in this, and how do they go about bringing this change . If we begin to look at things as, we are all small pieces of the big puzzle, then that helps to make the picture a lot more clearer. The great w. E. B. Dubois said that the 20th century, the problem with the 20th century is going to be the problem with the color line, and its sad that in 21st century, we still find ways to erase that color line or find a way to turn that line into a circle, where we can include every line. Im optimistic because i see how we engage the youth on the ground. I see what happens when we engage little white boys, little white girls, and, you know, asian, hispanics, b the kids together. I see that type of engagement that they have. I see the genuine incident, and im in a position that when i see parents, the parroting of the parents when the kids are repeating what they hear from the parents then its an opportunity for me to redirect that concept, redirect that thought, so by engaging the youth on the ground, have them engage, talk to each other. Have them play with you, socialize with each other. I believe that is the only way that we can erase it. And its about allowing those who have been programmed to see you a certain way, or how we have been programmed to see other people certain ways, that we really begin to have that genuine dialogue, that genuine interaction and i would try to do that through my work, but i am very optimistic that it can happen. Its tough, but it can happen. Reporter thank you. Thank you. Woodruff finally tonight, perspective on americas elderly from a onceworried daughter. Americas aging population continues to explode and will double, from 46 million today to 98 million by 2060. This weeks i. M. H. O. in my humble opinion, features annabelle gurwitch, the author of the book wherever you go, there they are. When my sister and i stepped in to help our declining parents, there were finances and insurances to detangle. We wanted them to move nearer to us, but they needed to stay close to their doctors. Now, the aging at home option has been touted as a cost saver, but it doesnt address the isolation and loneliness of many seniors, so we started looking for the next place. It turns out there are few resources for the middle class. We found play shall residences like the one i think of as villa grand day with Wine Tastings and white table dining. Or villa even more grande with personal butlers and architectural layouts named for picasso and renoir. But michelangelo was the size of new hampshire. I started waking up in the middle of the night just to search the web, just how much are kidneys going for these days . My parents had champagne taste but were on a boxed wine budget, and the place that we found was something of a letdown. It wasnt the most up to date. It was hard for them to get used to the traffic sounds and the bright lights outside the facility. My parents were jewish but not observant and my father was caught on more than one occasion smuggling bacon into the kosher cafeteria. While my mother found it upsetting that at the exercise class, which included people in wheelchairs, they played the song dont get around much anymore. They were small victories. My mother lobbied for k. C. And the sunshine band so the still ambulatory residents could shake, shake, shake, shake, shake, shake their booty every tuesday and thursday morn, but my mother still had trouble making friends because depression can keep you trapped inside your shell. Now i was waking up in the middle of the night wondering if i should move closer to them, but my son was in high school and im a writer and performer who is often on the road. And then something remarkable happened. My fathers health deteriorated and this Community Rallied around them, visiting, helping out, making sure that my mother had someone to have meals with. One night my mothers new bff helen and i went for a stroll, and she took my arm. And i had no idea what had happened in helens life that had brought her to the same place as my mother, who she loved or who loved her, but i took my first deep breath in months. Villa grande wouldnt have been right. My house wouldnt have been right. They found family, which is more than what any of us could have hoped for. Woodruff on the newshour online right now, when is a laugh not a real laugh . Before her death, writer and civil rights activist maya angelou reflected on the inspiration for one of her most enduring poems, a story thats featured in a new pbs american masters documentary. We take a look on our website, www. Pbs. Org newshour. And tune in later tonight. On pbs, on frontline, out of gitmo, tracking down what life is like for those released from americas most controversial prison. And thats the newshour for tonight. Im judy woodruff. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by bnsf railway. Xq institute. The ford foundation. Working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org youre watching pbs. Rose funding for charlie rose has been provided by the following and by bloomberg, a provider of multimedia news and Information Services worldwide. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose