Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by some say its a calling. Some say they lost someone they loved. Many say its to save lives, as many and as often as possible. Ny theres 100 reasons why someone becomes a doctor, but at m. D. Anderson, its because theres nothing and we mean nothing we wont do in making cancer history. Lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. 6of these institutions and with the ongoing support 6of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. At and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Rr ifill this was primary day in parts of the country with two bigname republican senators looking to fend off challengers. In arizona, john mccainna campaigned for a sixth term a day after turning 80. And in florida, marco rubio sought nomination for a second term, after dropping his president ial bid. Also in Florida Democratic congresswoman Debbie Wasserman schultz faced Bernie Sanders backer tim canova. Er sreenivasan good weather sent thousands more african migrants sailing for sicily today. Dan rivers of independent Television News reports atvi least 11,000 people have been rescued since sunday. They have risked everything to get this far, and now their desperation overwhelms them. Some plunge into the water to swim the last few yards to safety. Many must have feared they would never make it. This vessel was carrying more than 500 migrants, mostly from the horn of africa who have beee packed into this small boat found drifting 13 miles off the coast of libya. Ya the first off were dozens of children who might not fully appreciate the change they werey in. It was thanks to a Spanish Aid Agency that they were plucked to safety. They were really desperate. For us, it was likely hard. What we saw is basically many mm children, many babies and a lot of women, which is kind of exceptional because, many general, there are more men traveling than women and children. For them, especially, this crossing is really, likely difficult. Reporter it shows how desperate they are when 5dayold twins are found aboard, born into migration barely a week old and already homeless. Sreenivasan the International Organization for migration reports more than 100,000 people have reached italy by boat this year. More than 2,700 have died in the attempt. Ifill in italy grieving survivors of last weeksof earthquake paid final respects to loved ones today. Hundreds gathered at a statehu sponsored funeral in amatrice, where at least 231 people were killed. Firefighters and First Responders stood along caskets under makeshift tents, as family members looked on. Later, a mass was held, andr, mourners released white balloons. Sreenivasan one of the Islamic State groups leading figures has been killed in northern syria. A statement by the militantsit today said abu muhammad aluh adnani died in aleppo province. Hes the isis leader who declared a modernday caliphater across syria and iraq, two years ago. Ifill at least 10,000 people may have died so far in yemens civil war. That estimate today from the u. N. Humanitarian office is nearly double any previous figure. The fighting in yemen has lastei for 18 months. Sreenivasan in Economic News france joined germany today in dousing hopes for a freetrade deal between the u. S. And the European Union. A top german official said sunday that negotiations have failed. Today, french president Francois Hollande added his skepticism,dd in a speech in paris. translated the negotiations are bogged down, positions have not been respected, its clearlysi unbalanced. So rather than prolonging talkst it is better to make sure that we can advise all parties that france will not be able to agree on an accord which has been prepared that way. Sreenivasan the potential agreement has run into growing opposition in both the u. S. And europe. And britains vote to leave the e. U. Has further damaged prospects for a deal. Ifill back in this country president obama commuted the sentences of another 111 federal prison inmates. That makes more than 670 during his time in office. Theyd been convicted of non violent drug crimes. The president has argued that sentences in such cases are too long, and hes called for congressional action to lessen the penalties. Ie sreenivasan and on wall street stocks gave back some of mondays gains. Ai the Dow Jones Industrial average lost 48 points to close ato 18,454. The nasdaq fell nine points, and the s p 500 slipped four. Ifill still to come on the newshour apple told to pay more than 14 billion in back taxes to ireland, mass graves are uncovered as isis loses ground, teaching teachers aboutc the minority communities they serve, and much more. Sreenivasan the European Commissioner ruled today that ireland must collect 14. 5 billion in back taxes from apple. The announcement fueled new tensions between the u. S. And europe over the role of multinational corporations, how they are taxed, and whether it should be considered a subsidy. The antitrust regulator for the e. U. Said ireland had given apple a sweetheart tax deal forx well over a decade, with special laws that effectively allowedct apple to pay less than one percent corporate tax. The e. U. Accused apple of setting up two companies in ireland with a head office that only exists on paper. The profits from European Stores all go to the Ireland Head Office and are essentially untaxed. Apple said it would appeal theap decision and denied the characterization. In a statement, the companys chief executive tim cook said the European Commission is trying to rewrite apples history in europe, ignore irelands tax laws and upend the International Tax system in thea process. The company has more than 200 billion in cash. I spoke with commissioner margrethe vestager, who announced the decision. Thanks for joining us. First off, what gave apple an edge in ireland that was unfair in the eyes of the e. U. We havee. A longstanding tradition of state aid which means benefits, advantages to a selected company, and that may come in any form as a piece of land, a favorable loan, a grant or a tax benefit. B of course, any member state can have their own tax legislation. E we would never question that. But thet. Thing is that you cant give a specific company a benefit or an advantage which is not open to orthocompanies. Sreenivasan is there evidence there was specific to apple and not all the other companies doing business in ireland . Bu yes, it is. This arrangement is due to two things which are none of our concern how apple is organized and the iran tax legislation. But the thing that is specific is two tax rulings or are two tax rulings that are directeded specifically to apple, and tax rulings are, by nature, specific because they are directed from the government or from the t authorities to a specific company, and this is only for them. It is not for other companies. Sreenivasan one of apples concerns today in a call with reporters, the c. F. O. Said the tax rate you cited this morning during your press conference, they said i said it before, its a completely madeup number, we made 4 million in taxes in ireland in 20 14rbgs were on of the largest taxpayers in the country. Well, the thing is that it is important for profits to be paid where profits are made, and whah we have seen is that the irish tax rulings allowed apple to put the huge majority of their profits into a socalled headquarter or head office. This head office only existed on paper. It had no employees, no premises, no real activities, and it wasnt taxed, not in ireland or anywhere else, and that, of course, then led to the result that apple paid very, very, very little in taxes compared to their profits. In some years as little as 0. 005 . Sreenivasan is this parten of a broader effort to redefine how multinational corporationsa pay taxes . We heard youre also going after mcdonalds and reportedly amazon . Well, the thing is i do state aid control, and state aid control do not redefine taxation as such. That, of course, takes the legislature to work. And that is why weve worked with the European Council and with the European Parliament inu order to change legislation, to make transparency greater, to have countrybycountry reporting, for tax authorities actually to know what other tax authorities are doing, but it is for the legislature to change that. What i do is what we have a longstanding tradition of doing and ado Longstanding Court practice of doing which is to control state aid seen as specific advantages to specific companies. Sreenivasan doesnt thisis draw into conflict the role of the European Union or the commission versus countries andu their sovereignty and how theyre able to lay out their tax laws . Well, the sovereignty of the member s. A. T. Is protected of the member state is protected by our treaty and i, of course,co with respect that 100 . 1 i have sworn to respect the treaty. Two things have to be in place at the same time, both upholding National Legislation as tax legislation and, at the same time, the european legislation that we have made in common that the e. U. State aid rules. And here we have a situation where you have irish tax legislation, but a breach of european state aid rules because illegal state aid was handed out. Sreenivasan for thean record, we did invite apple and they didnt have anybody available today but they said in a statement this could have a profound harmful effect on job creation in europe. Eu do you expect that . Europe is a wonderful placeac to do business. D its a Single Market with more than 500 million potential customers. Ot you find research and developmentar of highest quality there, very skilled people, good people to employ, wonderful infrastructure, so youre moreso than welcome to come to europe to do business, and i think you can have a very Good Business here. The thing is what we dont liket so much is when you come to europe for tax avoidance. Av sreenivasan is there a concern that there is an uncertainty between how the e. U. Rules on different laws inside member nations could create a climate where a company mightt not come to europe but might base themselves somewhere else . I think there is an issue here also of Corporate Culture because, if youre in a country where the tax rate is 12. 5 as the ireland and you pay less than 1 , also substantially less than 1 , also reconsider if everything is all right. And 12. 5 is, in the first place, a very low corporate taxation compared to other european member states. Sreenivasan margrethe vestager, thanks for joining us. It was a pleasure, thank you for having me. Ur ifill cataloging the atrocities committed by the so called Islamic State group in syria and iraq, is a difficult, sometimes impossible task. A new report from the Associated Press attempts to document the mass graves holding some of the groups victims. The a. P. Found 72 mass grave sites around syria and iraq. One of the sites held as many as 1,700 bodies. For more we are joined by Associated Press reporter lori hinnant, one of the authors of o the investigation. Lori, thank you for joining us. N 72 mass grave sites. How were you and your colleagueo able to find them and document them . Well, we used a variety of sources. We first went to rocky kurdistan where there are at least 35 masm graves on sinjar mountain alone, most holding the bodies of minority azidi. I we talked to the government outside mosul where six to eight inmates were killed and another in a natural geological pit. Pi we asked the government in baghdad what they knew to try angulate the other information. We also went into archives of news reports when sites were discovered. For syria we cant go in. In ifill do mass graves also mean mass killings . That isme to say, did all of the bodies you found in the gravesa come from single episodes, single assaults . Not necessarily. Although largely, they did. Even for some of them. Its not clear who are in the graves, they have not been excavated and are untouched. Others are in territory unseen. The pit outside mosul and another in syria, for example, we know from Islamic States propaganda they buried hundreds if not more bodies in them and they tossed them in without a thought. We have no idea why the people were killed exactly or when. So in those cases, yes, theh victims are killed at different times. In sinjar, they were all killed at the same time. Ifill do we know how theyho were killed . Gunshots, sometimes in some cases illness . Ill fess seems unlikely. Its mostly gunshots. The assault on sinjar, for example, it was some gunshots,s, some were beheaded, a few run over by cars. Er in the site that holds the bodies of about 1700 iraqi soldiers, they were all gunned down after being forced to lie down on the ground. E same with the shiite prisonerse of the prison in mosul. Ifill you saidmo that in syria it was difficult to physically get to the actual grave sites. Then how were you able to document what happened . Pp well, we relied on multiple sources so, so we didnt waitwa for one person to say there is a mass grave here. We tried to findma a variety of sources including locals. Some people sent photos which we could help by geolocating and coordinating with what Islamic States own propaganda said. They made no effort to hide what theyre doing. Ifill are the bodies that are being retrieved be identified . Thats the complicated thing now. Theyat largely arent being retrieved for a variety of reasons want of money, want of political will and very, very unstable areas. Sinjar mountain although largely taken back by Islamic State still remains a part of it within a n a no mans land. Some areas arey traps trapped. Some bodies have been identified. Relatives can find personal belongings and sometimes i. D. S. Ifill has anyone been charged or jailed or in any way punished for the deaths . There has been justice done in one case, quite recently in the death of the 1700 iraqi soldiers. On august 21st, 36 men were hanged who had been convicted in the killings. Ifill as part of this investigation, and you talked to people who were survivors and witnesses, were you able to talk to any of the relatives of people who think their lovedir ones might be in one of these graves . We went to an area outside a town in iraq and met a man who originally was just there tot tell us about the graves. He was one of the leaders of the village and he wanted to tell us about the graves and how much they wished at the they would be excavated and that the people who were buried in there would get a proper burial, and it took time before he finally acknowledged that in fact two oo his adult sons were among the victims of that killing. After a little while, he and i talked for a lit longer, and he invited another young man downdo from the hillside town just above where the killings had taken place, and said he actually saw the killings. Turned out that the young man whose name was arkon had never spoken with the father abouth what happened the day his two sons died. He discuss theed events of this horrific day, that they feel as though theyre reliving everyer single day that they pass the grave. Ifill will this father ever be able to retrieve the bodies of his snons. Hi he hopes to. He sounded very resigned to it. He said he wanted thean International Community to understand that they couldnt keep reliving the sorrow all of the time. All he wanted was a proper place for his sons to be laid to restr ifill lori hinnant of the Associated Press, thank you very much. Thank y you. Sreenivasan stay with us. Coming up on the newshour the gap in the president ial t candidates ground game. And why icelanders want tourists to stop coming to their island nation. But first, urban School Districts are tough places to be a teacher, but also where the best and the brightest are needed the most. In chicago, which is dealing with one of the worst budget crises in years, recruiting and holding on to good teachers is t an uphill battle. The district also faces a common dilemma, even as the student body is growing more diverse, the teaching profession is not. One University TeacherTraining Program is trying to step up to the challenge. Lisa stark, of Education Week, has the story. Reporter its summer in the city of chicago, the nations Third LargestPublic School district. And these aspiring teachers are getting to know each other, then first step in an intensive summer fellowship to prepare them to teach in urban schools. I want to be a teacher in chicago Public Schools. Ch because i think i can make a really big difference. And make sure other studentso who come from backgrounds like myself get these opportunities. Reporter these fellows 21 of them are all students att Illinois State university, training to be teachers. They have high hopes, but most, like morgan brauer, have little or no experience in the inner city. We first met morgan the day before, at her home about an hour away. Tell me about this neighborhoodb how you grew up . So im from the suburbs of chicago, Rolling Meadows specifically. Reporter morgan typifies americas Teaching Force mostly white, mostly female. I grew up, its everyone basically goes to college. There is not really any question, like i was going to college, that was that. I th