week of news. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.ws ur >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. ♪ ♪ >> supporting socialci entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social changein worldwide. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and friends of the newshour. >> this program was mades possible by the corporation for public broadcasting.ro and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. n thank you. >> woodruff: donald trump is winding down another tough weekk in the presidential race, as new polls now put him behind by double digits in several keyit states. his staffers were meeting with officials of the republican national committee today. and in erie, pennsylvania, theri candidate himself sounded upbeat-- a day after acknowledging his campaign wasgn having trouble. >> we have to win pennsylvania. we win pennsylvania, we're goin, to win it. you know, we're up in florida, we're doing well in ohio, and i am hearing we're doing well here. we'll find out. >> woodruff: trump also insisted again he was being sarcastic in saying that president obama "founded" the islamic state group. and then, he added, "but not that sarcastic." meanwhile, democrat hillary clinton reported she and former president clinton made $10.6 million in income last year.r. they paid about 34% in federal taxes. we'll return to the campaign, after the news summary. in the day's other news: the pentagon confirms tonight that a u.s. drone attack has killed a top islamic state leader in afghanistan.is hafiz saeed khan died in a strike on july 26th. the state department designated him a global terrorist lastro year. bombings rocked resort towns across southern thailand today,, killing at least four people and wounding dozens more. coordinated attacks hit six sites, including the popular island of phuket. harry smith, of "independent television news," reports. >> reporter: the authorities say they were small explosions from improvised devices, but still deadly in their impact. some filled with ball bearingsin and other shrapnel designed to cause maximum casualties. many set off were nearly as busy with tourists at times when thet might have been out enjoying the night life. the blasts also coincided with the national holiday to celebrate the birthday of thailand's queen.ai the object was to hit theth country's tourist trade. it made an immediate impact. >> i couldn't believe it. i felt sick. i was absolutely speechless. i just don't know how to feel.ho i thought like that i was going to come to this place and feel safe. >> i mean it's astonishing what's happening in little hua hin. it's a place where tourism, and especially this weekend with the queen's birthday, it's supposed to be a place for celebration. >> reporter: perhaps to reassure the thousands who visit thailane each year, police were quick to insist this was not an attack connected to any global terror network.k. insisting instead it was the work of local insurgents. >>we are working round-the- clock in order to identify the suspects and also the motives behind the scenes. >> reporter: insurgent groups in the historically muslim south of thailand have a long-runningso campaign for an independent islamic state. it's often been violent, thousands have been killed, but it has never before targeted tourist areas. the attacks came just a week after the thais voted in a referendum to strengthen the powers of the ruling military regime. the authorities have stepped up security checks at all tourist destinations, and european embassies have advised their nationals to be vigilant. >> woodruff: there was no immediate claim of responsibility.bi the man that turkey's government blames for a coup attempt, is calling for an international investigation before he will agree to return. turkish leaders want the u.s. to extradite muslim cleric fethullah gulen, who lives in pennsylvania. writing today in the french newspaper, "le monde," gulen said: in russia: president vladimir putin fired his right hand man today as part of an ongoing shakeup of his inner circle. long-time ally sergei ivanov was dropped from his post as chief of staff. he'd been one of the most influential figures in russia and was once considered a likely successor to putin.. but today, the russian president said he made the decision atec ivanov's request. >> ( translated ): we have been working together for many years and it was successful work.wo i'm happy with how you have handled the tasks. i understand your desire to choose another line of work. >> woodruff: in the past year, putin has replaced several of his more powerful allies with younger officials. back in this country, the u.s. department of health and human services has declared a public health emergency in puerto rico over the zika virusn the island has more than 10,000 cases, and the surgeon general warned that 25% of the population will be infected by year's end. zika is linked to severe birth defects. new data shows the cost of expanding medicaid under the affordable care act is almost 50% higher than projected. up to ten million low-income americans have been added to medicaid rolls so far. but the agency overseeing the effort says it's running nearly $6,400 a person. that could make it much more difficult to expand medicaid in 19 states that have not yet done so. wall street closed out the week with a sub-par session, after weak data on retail sales. the dow jones industrial average lost 37 points to close at 18,576. the nasdaq rose four points, and the s&p 500 dropped a point. for the week, all three indexes gained a fraction of a point. and, at the summer olympics: an upset today in women's soccer. the u.s. team lost to sweden in the quarter-finals-- on a penalty shootout-- after regulation play ended in a tie. the american women had won gold in the last three olympics. still to come on the newshour: how republican officials are dealing with donald trump, six lives that reflect the fracturing of the middle east, triumphs and heartbreaks at the rio olympics, and much more. >> woodruff: donald trump continues to drive division in the republican party as new polls having him losing ground in key swing states. we dig into the state of the race with robert costa, national political reporter with "the washington post." robert costa, welcome back to the program. first of all, we know reince priebus, chairman of the republican party, made a point of introducing donald trumpp today when he spoke i in erie, pennsylvania. but at the same time the polls have beenbu slipping for mr. trump, there has been an string of these controversial statements. is this party worried? t >> judy, good to be with you. the relationship between thewe party chairman and the g.o.p. standard bearer remain the pivotal one within the g.o.p., and my sources say priebus traveled from new york to erie, pennsylvania to make sure hee show cased his unity to donald trump as some people at the partyo's upper level say maybe it's time to distance reps especially in swing states fromm donald trump. priebus says today that's not true, the party is sticking with the nominee. >> woodruff: what sort of pressure is there on the republican party, on the leadership of the party too either work with donald trump or to distance themselves from him? >> at the r.n.c. level, they're intertwined, the trump campaign and r.n.c. when it comes to fundraising. house republicans have a 59 seat majority. some members are edgy, uncomfortable about what trump could mean for them especially if they are in a swing district in. the senate, you have states like pennsylvania where trump was today. mark kirk in illinois, kelly ayote in new hampshire. they're facing tough races this fall and how they align with trump is becoming their key strategic decision. >> woodruff: we heard donald trump himself acknowledge he's having problems in important swing states like ohio, like florida, but even in a reliably republican state like utah, what is that telling you, somebody who's been covering politics for some time, and what does it say to reps who are watching this race so closely? >> utah is a particularly case.l you have a senator that comes from utah, temperamentally the mormon population don't really like donald trump according toco most polls. some evangelicals, hillary clinton is gaining in a state like georgia. g trump has been so rough and tumble for so long, it turns some swing voters off theso according to my sources in the t trump campaign, trump is adamann that he will not change, that he want to continue to run a campaign from the gut on his instincts. >> woodruff: and what does that mean, robert?e does that mean we can expect to hear comments like the ones in the last few days, the second amendment comment that some people took to mean he was threatening hillary clinton? and more recently the hillary -e comment hillary clinton and president clinton found at i.s.i.s. >> he likes to be the outsider, someone who's brash and bold in his mind, but he takes risks in his comments by being out there a little bit. the party hopes he can control more of his incendiary remarks but still have the outsider appeal which they think is trump's really only path to the white house to make these swing voters and working class voterss who are disengaged from theom system feel like maybe they have a candidate for themselves. >> woodruff: we've seen a number of prominent republicans like senator susan collins of main come out and -- maine come out and say they couldn't support donald trump.pp there was a letter from foreign policy experts in the republican party.t another letter went from the r.n.c. from republicans sayingin we don't want you to spend as much money on donald trump, we want you to spend money on these other races.. is this the kind of thing that the party leadership has to worry about or can they just ignore it all? >> oh, they're not ignoring itit at all, judy. one of the things trump is facing he is does not have an institutional history within the republican party. he doesn't have the relationships going back years that have sustained other nominees in past cycles when they've had a patch of rough poll numbers. a lot of republicans on capitol hill and elsewhere says if trump is going to lose the general election, maybe it's time to walk away in a full way, put the money to the down ballot racesac that are more vulnerable. but trump insists the r.n.c. is still going to work with him and priebus was there today but this all happened as conversations are circulating within the party that maybe trump isn't going to win and things have to be done.. >> woodruff: robert costa with "the washington post," we thanko you very much.c >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, to the middle east and a conversation about the chaos, calamity and political dissolution that now envelopes the region. hari sreenivasan in new york has that. >> sreenivasan: the last five years of tumult in the middle east defy easy explanations. revolutions that began with much hope in early 2011 have evolved into disaster in places like syria and libya and led to political upheaval andph repression in egypt. in iraq the american-led war that began in 2003 has morphed into a many-side conflict that has once again brought america back into the fight there and in syria. caught in the middle, millions of people whose lives have been up-ended, an attempt to capturec in part the story of this cataclysmic time comes now journalist scott anderson and photographer whose work captures the entire issue of miami's magazine. the big thesis in a nutshell. >> i wanted to tell the broade story of how we got here, to a degree where we might be headed next and to tell this story, i needed to focus in on people.eo >> sreenivasan: one of the characters you focus on in iraq is so compelling, a young womann who was working for the c.p.a., provisional authority, tell us about her arc now. >> she's from a provincial town in southern iraq from a shia family. when the americans invaded in 2003, she heard the talk of demock signed human rights and women's empowerment that the c.p.a. was talking about she became an instant convert,on worked for the c.p.a. and when americans left, she was stranded on the beach. she continued thech work, receid death threats in the militias and compiled in jordan. in the last six months, she joined the migrant exodus to europe. so now she and one of her sisters are living in a little town in austria and they have been given asylum and they're going to start going to university in september. >> sreenivasan:te you find these characters at their bridge, they're crossing over, something that changed their lives forever, not just the overall invasion but something specific that happened in each one of their lives. there is an egyptian character you focus on, an activist.t >> she's a math professor at the university, activist since the 1970s, leftist, feminist, and she and her husband who is now deceased were probably the most -- certainly the most common political dissidentl couple in egypt.up >> sreenivasan: and their sonon was in the family business, too. >> and their son and two daughters got in the family business. layla in 2007 was on the front lines. she saw the danger in existing political forces.ex they were slow to consolidate, and she saw the danger of the military coming back in and two of her children are in prison for protesting against the government. >> sreenivasan: this was part. of the ripple of the arab spring. we saw it spreading like wildlife across -- wildfire across the region and three or fours later not much change, in fact some things are worse off. >> i think what happened in a w lot of the countries is there wasn't a consensus. these dictators have been around for so long and when they did fall, people tended to fall back on their tribal or sectarian alegions that a lot of these countries had always been the people's primary allegiance, anyway. libya, syria iraq, these are all artificial nations created by the western powers at the end of world war i. when the strong man goes, you have no tradition of democracy. no tradition of political expression, let's not even talk about democracy.o you know, what happens? what takes its place?la > >> sreenivasan: in the initial carving up, you say there wasn't much attention paid to who is kurdistan, who are that i recall loyalties to, what is the rest of iraq and should this be part of the country. >> right. i think it was the same strategy the colonial powers used in sub saharan africa. you empower a local tribe or ethnic group or religious group to operate as your local overseers. so the majority is never going to rebel against them, and they're not going to rebel against you because they will be taken over by the majority.aj this is a pattern that existed throughout the region. >> reporter: you begin and end your story with one of your characters from kurdistan. in tend he says iraq is gone, syria is gone, it is our turn now. >> they wanted a larger kurdish land. he sees no future living amongst arabs, so he sees this as a golden moment in his mind to rid the area, to basically ethnically cleanse the entire kurdistan of the arab population that moved in, and this goes to this idea that people think, oh, why don't we start bifurcatingf these countries and they can go back to their little homelands. well, everyone is so mixed , in how far down do you start subdividing it? >> sreenivasan: one of theas things i noticed in this article, you don't just say thit is a shia-sunni problem which is a western-eastern way to look at the middle east and say they're in cahoots and they will overthrow this.ov >> no, and it's so much more complicated. enjoined to the idea of how you subdivide it. in iraq, there is lots of very large tribes that have a sunni and shia component. so if you tried a sunni-shia division, what happens to that tribe? you know, there are issues with going back a couple thousand years. you know, and, so, when people start looking at like a kind of a quick solution to any of thisi i think it's just in for a really long, very rocky road throughout the region.eg >> and finally, syria you have multiple characters, we just got to a few of them, he's fascinating for a totallyal different reason. >> yeah, ibrahim is a 23-year-old from homs a city in central syria which is probably the most destroyed city in the syrian war, they call it is syrian stalingrad. the whole time, ibrahim, i said what did your father say about the regime? he said we never talked about it. talked politicsic around the dinner table. the security state that existed in syria and still does was something nobody would talk about and goes to the idea if people can't even talk about their political aspirations, when you have a rupture, how caa there be a consensus of what the going to take its place? >> sreenivasan: scott anderson, the entire "new york times" magazine this weekend. thanks for joining us. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and scott anderson's work for the "new york times" magazine was supported by the pulitzer center on crisis reporting, they are a frequent partner of theof newshour. >> woodruff: stay with us. >> woodruff: pack to the world of politics and to the analysis of brooks and dionne.io e.j. dionne, david brooks. mark shields is away this week. let's pick up with robert costa of "the washington post." david, what a week for donald trump, i guess we thought things were going to show down but somehow there was the comment about the second amendment seen as a threat to hillary clintonon and then the i.s.i.s. comments.m how do we interpret how donald trump is communicating with everybody? >> this isn't ath decision he makes, it's a condition he possesses. we're not used to talking aboutg the psychological, mental health of the candidatesps and in some ways i think it's not fair to talk about his mental health in terms of how he operates with his kids and private life, but there is public psychology and political psychology and in public he displays extreme narcissism but also a certain manic hyperactive attention.ti so if you graph a trump sentence, every eight-word verse, it's associative thinking. there is a term in psychology that's called the flight ofof thought where one word sets off an association that sets off an association. one psychologist said compare his speeches to robin williams' monologues but without the jokes and instead insults. he's not in control of his attention, i don't think.at you have randomly weird sentences, things he patently shouldn't be saying, and i'm being sarcastic about the sarcasm, obviously, and then a fifth a second later he said not that muvment so he contradicted himself within 12 words and that's a condition. >> woodruff: how are we to understand this as people trying to understand this election? >> i have been thinking about it, there is the english language and the trump language. in the trump language, words change day by day depending on his political needs. i won't go into the learned psychological explanation david gave, but there are a lot of people talking that way about him. politically, he doesn't seem to care much about what he says. he gauges effect. sometimes in the middle of age speech he'll change his direction if the audience doesn't like him.ke i had an instructive trip to york, pennsylvania. it's a conservative county,co southern pennsylvania, not farno from here. one to have the most interesting conversations i had was with alison cooper, the editor of tht new york "dispatch" and she talked about how people in this have republican area, new york city is democratic but the county is republican, are people who care about manners and decorum. she spoke about common decency is a core part of who people are. in this campaign we've talked about soccer moms and angry white men and i think you're starting to develop common decency voters who are just reacting to what trump says. the republican county commissioner i talked to upto there said she's been active with veterans and after what trump said about the khan family and the purple heart, they can't vote for him, and something deep is happening and has nothing to do with ideology or party. >> woodruff: as we just heard robert costa reporting a few minutes ago, leaders in the party are betwixt and betweenwe trying to figure out how are they going to deal with. this he's saying i'm going my own way. they know they're not going to separate from him.ro but again how do we understand the state of his campaign. >> in today's polling, it's pointed out if you take the states clinton is up by 10 points or more, she has 273 electoral votes, enough to win. that's 10 points more.ts can we imagine a state where he moves the numbers in wisconsin by 10 points?? that would be a huge and unprecedented gain at thisth stage. so it's looking very bad for him. so the republicans are going to have to figure t out what to do. a lot are writing open letters and more are saying privately let's get the r.n.c. to defund the campaign and cut them off and drives him crazy so he quits or we have more money for our own people. in morality you cut off funding, on political grounds, we can spend more money on these campaigns. but the trump completely collapses, the tsunami will sweep the congressional races no matter what they and where to spend the money is the question. >> republicans are in a catch-22, a lot of their candidates, because they know if they get too close to trump they can lose a lot of voters in the middle, the common decency folks, but if they cut him off too aggressively, the trump constituency, if they lose those votes they're in trouble. so you're seeingty midty and uncertainty on the republican side because they don't quite know what to do with trump. >> i think it was interesting after the second amendment comment, his poll numbers were flat and narrowed a little. there is possible we're seeing a floor. he can say all kind of crazy things but he's not getting above where he is. >> woodruff: what are the options for republican leaders? just to wait and watch and see what happens? >> i think that the way -- partly, it depends on individual candidates. there are candidates in states where they know trump is going to do very badly and they're already running away from trump. there were other candidates who are as i said worried about this mix of votes they're going to get. more and more, republicans for clinton is the real deal, the clinton repu clinton is the real deal, the clinton republican is the reagan democrat at this point and i think more and more theblican leadership is going to look at the threat to the senate. the senate is very shaky, they're controlled on the numbers right now, and say it's not worth propping this guy up, we've got to let him go and support our candidate. >> meantime, david, it was not an especially great week for hillary clinton. today we saw she put out her tax returns in the last year addingi to a number of years. what trump camp says is wait a minute, we still want to see the e-mails. in fact, there were a couple ofu leaks this week that paid it look like something was going on between the clinton foundation and hillary clinton's staff atf the state department. >> looks like they were soliciting money and exchanging access. so i think the clintons path is not a surprise. the obama codery does not get into many scandals. the clintons' codery gets into many scandals. they never break their political careers, but there's a whiff of scandal, this goes back to the rose law firm and for decades. this goes back to their pattern. they probably are not disqualifying. if we get rid of everyone in washington who sold access for donations, the town would be empty, so it rises to the level of unseemly which confirms the mistrust people have.ha >> woodruff: how much of a problem is it for her? f >> i don't think we have the evidence yet that they sold access for contributions, and the justice department decided not to look intode this. nevertheless, i think the existence of the clintonhe foundation is a problem for her. my notion is that if she were ever elected president, and if i were she i would have announced it ahead of time, i would have announced that for the duration of my presidency, this is going to become the eisenhower-kennedy foundation. let's pick the two popular presidents when bill and hillary clinton were kids or young. david and susan eisenhower, bill and hillary clinton, push this aside, because you can borrow from prince formerly known as the clinton foundation. but you don't want the stories coming out even if there is nothing actionable in terms of the law. i would just push this aside. you've never had a chance where a former president, they all had these foundations at one time or another, actually has his spouse in the whowssments you have tots figure ow what to do with this. >> woodruff: you have it where hillary clinton's chief of stafc at the state department went to new york and was involved in important meetings at theat clinton foundation.in is there something wrong with that. >> i think minorly, she paid her own way. minorly, the way life works not only in washington but every business i've ever heard of is a friend wants something and you want them to give money to a good cause and, so, you know, people join boards of directors to make professional connections. there is no pure line between those things. so would it be better if there was a pure line in some ideal world? would it be better if the clintons didn't have a predilection for blurring every line they could? that would be better. again, i think it's the width but i can't get super angry about it, to be honest. >> woodruff: you don't see anything actionable. >> i don't see anything actionable. every foundation has interactions with the state department. but are people going to keep asking these questions as long as the clinton foundation is around and as long as she is in public life. so i'm against trump's wall against mexico but they need a wall to protect themselves and push these stories away. a >> it would be a good experience to know how much money they would raise as the truman-kennedy foundation, ittr might be 1.20 a year. >> woodruff: meantime, there are clinton e-mails out there and we expect they will be leaked out into the public arena between now and the election. what's the bright line between the two of bill and hillary clinton? depressed by both of them. i think the country, the economy has some new, genuine challenges. we've had lagging growth. productivity increases have been merge and terrible.r hundreds of millions of people dropped out of the labor force. these have all happened this century. to me what both clinton and especially trump did was have economic plans built for 1973, as if we're going to have labor-rich manufacturing jobs come back. labor-rich manufacturing doesn't exist. manufacturing jobs are white collar, silicon valley programmers or highly-skilled technicians that are not going to employ lots of people. so we had two economic plans that had, in my view, limited growth agendas.da infrastructure is good but not it. very limited productivity agendas and really nothing to help people out of the labor force. they were so unimaginative, they were sort of grab bags of the normal policies the democratsem have been proposing 20 years or in trump's case a weird mix of things from supply side and populism. >> woodruff: how did you readou all that? >> i think there was more growth and forward-looking stuff in the clinton plan than david did. she began her speech by talking about the inventiveness of companies in michigan and how they were taking advantage of change. it reflected the issue democrats have to deal with. they want to talk about how things were a lot better than eight years ago and they really are, but they say if too much they look too out of touch with people. trump, he's giving words to the workers and money to the rich. the tax cuts he has sort of make reagan look like, you know, almost like a democrat. i mean, these are steep tax cuts for the wealthy, getting rid of the inheritance tax, the estate tax, which would be particularly good -- >> woodruff: he's trimmed someme of the tax changes he's talking about. but it's still a huge tax cut with no talk of compensation for the deficit or anything else. hillary had fun saying this is really good for trump's familyam and friends but it's not clear who it's going to help. i don't know what the net of this exchange is but i think you're seeing clinton is not going to leave blue-collar voters to trump, she is fighting for them, and a lot of what she's done in the last two ort three weeks has been to try to shore up her position in the swing states with a lot of blue-collar voters. >> woodruff: we get abl chance to talk about the chi again and we wanted to talk about the wonderful american results at the olympics, these young athletes who are performing so well. but we're going toso save that r another time. >> they can all run in 2032. >> woodruff: a great lead because we have the olympicsbe coming up. thank you very much. v >> thank you. >> woodruff: speaking of which, to the big wins and surprising loss at the olympics. as we near the completion of the first week of the rio games, u.s. olympians have often fulfilled-- even exceeded-- already sky-high expectations. even so, there was a big upset today. jeffrey brown kicks off our coverage tonight. >> brown: first, the first time the women's team failed to advance to the semifinals. simone biles met challenges last night as she soared through the all around competition to wino her second gold medal, confirming her place as the best gymnast in the world today and best ever olympian, many would put michael phelps high on that list. yesterday the 31-year-old swimmer won the 200-meter individual medley for the fourth consecutive olympic games and fourth gold medal in these games. his astounding career now stands at 22 gold medals, 26 olympic medals overall. simon manuel tied in the 100-meter free style, setting the olympic record and becoming the first african-american woman to win an olympic gold medal in swimming. >> i mean this medal isn't just for me, it's for a whole bunchho of people who have came before me and been an inspiration for me, maritza correa, and it's foe all the people after me who can't-- who believe they can't do it and i just want to be an inspiration to others that you can do it. and let's go to rio now for more on these big moments.o christine brennan is a sportswriter and columnist covering the games for "u.s.a. today." she's a contributor for cnn. and joins us once again this evening. hello, again, christine. so let's go in that same order, if we could. first a big loss today in women's soccer. what happened and how big a loss? >> it's huge, jeff.ev a we hear that aet t lot in the olympics, but this one is a very big deal. u.s. women have never lost at this round ever in a world cup or an olympics.ol so this is a first to go out in the quarter finals is stunning. what happened, they have been having a little uneven play throughout the tournament. the goal keeper hope solo has not been at her best. still you think they would get by sweden. but the sweep was the u.s. coach for two olympic games, there is no one who knows the teams better so she was able to coach the swedish team and do well thaws she knows the u.s. classic misfires not playing well from some of the top americans. when you get to penalty kicks as this game did, anything goes ata that point, and this is the first olympic game to be decide bid penalty kicks.lt and hope solo not as great as she has been, again. and i wonder how much the u.s. team misses abby wombach. this team is the favorite of the country of all sports people of the year. the only positive i could come up with is it shows the world is catching up. even the u.s. women, the johnny apple seeds of the world, sowing the seeds of sports around the world, would say when they lose, as devastating it is, around the world people care more about women's soccer is thanks in large part of the u.s. team. >> brown: simone biles. we spoke before the games started, how could she live up l to the exeblgtations. she did. >> she did. it's one thing to say women arer going to win in the women's all around. your name is known forever. you may never have to buy yourself another meal and you y are one of the stars of the olympic games. it's one thing people saying you can do it and another thing too do it. this woman cut through it. i think she's the greatest gymnast of all time. she's a combination of mary lou retton, going back to nadya comb neechy and corbet. she's the embodiment of an entire sport. the team medical other day and the individual all around. simone biles had the pressure of the world on her shoulders and not only did she deliver, she was at her best at the most important moment of her life. what more could you ask for than that. >> brown: speaking greatest ever, michael phelps. from greatest swimmer to discan cogs of greatest olympian ever and doing what he's doing in his fifth olympics. >> he's 31 years old which i know to you and i doesn't seem that old, but for swimming he's going against teenagers that are, like, 20-something. i must admit, i'm surprised. i knew he was going to be good and i knew he might win a gold medal or two, but this is fourr gold medals with one more chance tonight in the 100 butterfly which is going to be tough for him, much closer. but he had a katie ledecky lead in the 200 individual medley last night. he has won the 200 butterfly, he is a rock starhe of the u.s. tem in two relays and solidifies, i think, over the course of time, 2004, 2008, '12 and '16 to beat all comers.co for a guy who's 31, the greatest moment, after the relay, in 70 minutes he won two gold medals, and after the relays he sat down on the block and lumped over like an old man coming home from day's work. he was spent. he'd had it. he spent all his energy to that. this is a punctuation point of all points that i didn't see coming. he is the mecca. >> brown: finally an another touching story, the victory by simone manuel who tied for the gold in the 100-meter freestyle. >> you know, jeff, this is so important, the visual says everything. i mean, to me, as great as katie ledecky has been, as great ass michael phelps has been, i don', know if at the end of the day we don't come away with simone manuel being that one image. basically a lily white sport, a sport of suburban kids, which is fine, all of a sudden, you have an african-american womanri becoming the first african-american woman to win an olympic gold medal in swimming. and what that mention is as a role model, this is a sport and the skill of learning to swim that many swimmers talk about, they've got to get into the urban areas.s. you've got to get into the places where kids aren't able to go to poovment simone manuel, this could be her ability to speak to all ages. up to now it's been contained to one demographic. to see the moment and the tie and the canadian and the way they reacted to each other, to me that's what the olympics is all about.bo >> brown: christine brennan in rio. thank you so much. >> jeff, thank you very much. >> brown: and we turn to another big story of these games, away from the medal podiums: across the globe today there are some 65 million people who've been forced from their homes-- an unprecedented number. ten refugees are now on the world stage in rio. he didn't win the 100 meter butterfly yesterday-- not even close-- but 25-year-old rami anis, a syrian refugee now living in belgium-- did get a standing ovation. 18-year-old yusra mardini, also from syria, won a preliminary heat in her race before failing to advance further. still, by the very special termt she'd set for herself, this was a victory. >> for the refugees in brazil, and all the refugees around the world, we are going to represent you guys in a really good picture. and i hope you are going to learn from our story that you have to move on because life will never stop with yourwi problems, and i hope that everyone will continue to achieve their dreams. >> brown: just last year, both yusra mardini and rami anis made the dangerous voyage across the aegean sea that's become a symbol of an international refugee crisis. on mardini's trip, the motor t failed and she and her sister-- also a swimmer-- were the only ones strong enough to swim theen crowded boat to safety. but one week ago, to aag resounding welcome, the two young syrians and eight other athletes made history as the first ever refugee olympic team. filippo grandi, u.n. high commissioner for refugees, was w there, and spoke with uske yesterday from his geneva headquarters. >> i was so nervous, like if i was going to give an exam, i can tell you. and we had to wait for the whole ceremony because they were the last team to enter before the hosts, brazil, and when they entered, the emotion was unlimited. >> brown: the u.n.h.c.r. worked with the international olympical commission to create the team, holding tryouts in refugee camps such as the huge kakuma camp in kenya. those who made the cut got the help of world class coaches to prepare for rio. >> we started talking about that project in the midst of the most negative global discussion on refugees and migrants during the europe crisis. so it was really a reversal of that approach, that vision, it was positive, it emphasized achievement. it emphasized contributions by refugees. >> brown: five runners who fled war in south sudan as children made it to rio. 21-year-old yiech pur biel made his olympics debut this afternoon in the 800 meter competition, anjelina nadai lohalith, will run on saturday in the 1500 meter race, 28-year0 old james chiengjiek will run the 400 meter dash saturday as0 well. paulo lokoro, 24 years old, is a middle distance runner who escaped the war in 2006. he runs next tuesday. rose nathike lokonyen made theye team despite having to run barefoot in tryouts in the refugee camp where she lived. >> we compete among the refugees >> brown: filippo grandi visited the five as they trained in kenya, and it was there he became convinced this refugee team could both compete with world class athletes, and have an impact beyond rio. >> we knew that these were people coming from hardship, often living in difficult conditions in refugee camps,io having gone through very difficult situations. so for them to step up to those technical levels would be difficult. but we knew that would be compensated with enthusiasm, by commitment, and by the strong message they would bring to the olympic games. >> brown: the oldest member of the refugee team is 36-year-oldo marathoner yonas kinde. he fled ethiopia in 2013, and now has asylum in luxembourg. and filling out the group: twoll refugees from the democratic republic of congo, who competed in judo earlier this week. 28-year-old yolande mabika lost her parents to war and first took up judo in a center for displaced children in kinshasha. she lost her first round match on wednesday. 24-year-old popole misenga won his first bout before losing tob a world champion from south korea. misenga's mother was killed when he was nine and he's not seen his siblings since. >> ( translated ): i am here, in brazil, i'm participating in the olympics and i thank god for that. if my brother can see me on tv,, to know your brother is here in brazil, striving to maybe see him, be one day together.th i send him hugs wherever he is, and i am thinking of him here in brazil, and i hope to bring all my family close to me, to see them, it's been such a long time. >> brown: both popole misenga and yolande bukasa received asylum in brazil three years ago. the olympic host nation, a land of immigrants, has welcomed manh recent asylum seekers. hanan dacka, a 12-year-olda, syrian refugee, was chosen as an olympic torchbearer in the capital city of brasilia earlier this year. it was a symbolic moment greeted warmly by onlookers, just as an international audience has embraced the refugee athletes at the rio games. but will it last? filippo grandi hopes the world sees beyond these ten to the millions of others. >> and i hope the personal history of these ten athletes will illustrate this important characteristic of refugees thats is too often forgotten. because too often we concentrate on big numbers on the consequences of flows of millions of people and the impact that they have, and forget that each one of them is a person with a history that needs to be addressed as well. >> brown: a hope that is, is fo an olympic moment, that is, that goes beyond gold medals. i'm jeffrey brown for the pbs newshour. >> woodruff: finally, to another of our brief but spectacularla episodes where we ask interesting people to describe their passion. earlier we heard what was driving the recent chaos witnessed in the middle east. now we hear a more personal take from photojournalist lynsey addario, whose work appears regularly in "the new yorkyo times," "national geographic," and "time" magazine. having covered conflict around the globe, from the taliban in afghanistan to turmoil in libyai where she was kidnapped in 2011, she writes her experiences in a memoir, "it's what i do." >> if your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough. that's a classic robert cappa quote. he's a famous world photographer. it's true, we cannot do our jobs from further back. i have to bring myself emotionally closer to thena subject. i believe in these stories. i believe they have to be toldol and, so, i force myself to go to these places. it's not an adrenaline rush and it's not an addiction. i have been kidnapped twice, once outside fallujah by sunni insurgents. once in libya, i was sure we were about to die and all i could think about, is really? r is this where i'm going to see the end of my life? what am i doing here? why is it so important for me to be here?e? and i have to ask myself those questions because a big part of this job is knowing we might die at any given time. people always ask, like, are you stoic when you're shooting? and i am anything but stoic when i'm watching someone die. i become very overwhelmed with emotion and i'm crying as i'm shooting. i think it would be reallyl strange if i didn't cry when i saw the things i see because i see some of the most horrific things and some of the most beautiful things. being a war photographer comes with great sacrifice. it's almost impossible to have a personal life. the amount of psychological and physical traumaa that each one of us carries with us from covering war over many, many years is extraordinary. when i first started doing thisi job, i had a really hard time reconciling the fact that life went on outside of these war zones, and i would come back to new york, and everyone was at a bar, getting drunk, having fun, and i was so confused.nf i don't understand why no one cares, and people aren't out on the street protesting. i had to make a decision at some point that if i was going to lead this life, i would have to not leave behind the things i've seen but be present when i go home to be with my family and husband and son, i have to be there for them.e i was so frustrated by people being so dit dismissive of the deeper reasons why anyone wouldd cover war. it's about educating people, policymakers talking about huma rights abuses.ts once a photographer starts seeing the impact of his or her work, it's impossible to turn away. it's impossible to stop doing it. my name is linsey addario, andan this is my brief but spectacular take on life as a photojournalist. >> woodruff: such amazing photographs. and you can watch more episodese of our brief but spectacular series on our website: pbs.org/newshour/brief.pb also online: what gives dogsal their super-sniffing skills? meet zinca the rescue dog, and learn how researchers are decoding the secrets of smell. all that and more is on our website: pbs.org/newshour. and a reminder about some upcoming programs fromm our pbs colleagues. gwen ifill is preparing for "washington week," which airsng later this evening. here's a preview: >> ifill: hi, judy. well, another week, another set of signs that this election is nothing if not unconventional. from tax rates to tax returns, from the second amendment to isis, as more republicans appear to flee for cover. at week's end, what does it all mean? we'll try to put it in context, later tonight on "washington week." judy? >> woodru6ff: and we will be watching. tomorrow on the pbs newshour weekend: the downside to silicon valley's success--skyrocketing housing costs. and we'll be back, right here, on monday.on that's the newshour for tonighth i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably betteu lives. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbt station from viewers like you. io thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org this is ly nicely business sue herera. marking milestones. two straight record closes for the nasdaq. the dow and s&p 500 hovering near all time highs and there may be to come. consumers gave their credit cards a rest and thac gro may not pick up as much hoped. some home prices soar in silicon valley even those with high powered jobs can't afford to stay. those stories and many "nigh good evening, everyone and welcome. what a week. and what a six months. yesterday, we saw a