>> sreenivasan: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> you never discriminate. you want everyone, the young, the old, the soft, the strong, but cancer? we're fighting you. with immune therapies and genetic testing. with laughter. with strength. because everyone of us is doing one thing only-- making cancer history. >> you were born with two stories. one you write every day, and one you inherited that's written in your d.n.a. 23andme.com is a genetic service that provides personalized reports about traits, health and ancestry. learn more at www.23andme.com. >> fathom travel. carnival corporation's small ship line. offering seven day cruises to three cities in cuba. exploring the culture, cuisine and historic sites through its people. more at fathom.org. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and 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in ensuring that we continue to recruit and retain the most qualified people. and good people are the key to the best military in the world. >> woodruff: we'll explore the effects of today's announcement right after the news summary. >> sreenivasan: in the day's other news, taliban attackers in afghanistan killed 37 people and wounded 40 in a double suicide bombing. they struck in paghman district, about 12 miles to the west of kabul. the first bomber targeted two buses carrying police trainees. the second blew himself up when people rushed in to help the victims. >> woodruff: two more people have died from their wounds in tuesday's airport bombings in istanbul, turkey. that makes 44 killed, with dozens more hospitalized. police also said today the three suicide bombers were from central asia, including one from southern russia. we'll have a full report later in the program. >> sreenivasan: meanwhile, air strikes in iraq devastated two islamic state convoys trying to escape fallujah this week. aerial video from iraq's defense ministry showed vehicles as they came under attack by iraqi helicopters and u.s. coalition warplanes. the attacks began tuesday night. iraqi forces have now recaptured most of fallujah from isis. >> woodruff: the u.n. children's fund reports the war with isis in iraq has taken a fearful toll on children. one in five-- or more than 3.5 million kids-- are classified at "serious risk" of death, injury, sexual abuse or being forced to fight. >> sreenivasan: in britain, more fallout today from the brexit vote. former london mayor boris johnson dropped out of the race to be prime minister. his support melted away after a key conservative party ally, michael gove, announced his own candidacy. johnson had been a leader of the campaign to quit the european union. he says his focus now will be on making the transition. >> my role will be to give every possible support to the next conservative administration to make sure that we properly fulfill the mandate of the people that was delivered at the referendum and to champion the agenda i believe in. >> sreenivasan: current prime minister david cameron is stepping down after losing the fight to keep britain in the european union. >> woodruff: a new palestinian stabbing attack today left a 13- year-old israeli girl dead, who was also an american citizen. israeli police say a man broke into the girl's home in a west bank settlement and knifed her as she slept. he also wounded a guard, before being fatally shot. another palestinian was killed later after he stabbed and wounded two israelis in the coastal city of netanya. >> sreenivasan: back in this country, the navy blamed weak leadership and bad judgment for iran's capture of ten u.s. sailors last january. their two boats mistakenly entered iranian waters, and they spent 15 hours in iranian captivity, before being released. the navy says several violated military rules by cooperating with their captors. >> woodruff: u.s. attorney general loretta lynch is fending off questions about a meeting with former president bill clinton. their paths crossed monday at an airport in phoenix at a time when the f.b.i. is investigating hillary clinton's e-mail practices as secretary of state. white house spokesman josh earnest defended lynch today without specifically saying if the meeting was proper. >> she certainly understands that investigations should be conducted free of political interference and consistent with the facts. investigators should be guided by the the facts and by evidence, and that's ultimately what should support their conclusions. >> woodruff: lynch says she and the former questioned president discussed families and friends, but none of the issues involving his wife, the presumptive democratic presidential nominee. >> sreenivasan: house speaker paul ryan is promising a vote next week on barring terror suspects from buying guns. his announcement today follows last week's sit-in by house democrats. republicans say their bill will block gun sales tied to the terror watch list if prosecutors show probable cause. democrats in the senate blocked a similar bill last week. >> woodruff: on wall street today, a third straight rally. the dow jones industrial average gained 235 points to close at 17,930. the nasdaq rose 63 points, and the s&p 500 added 28. >> sreenivasan: and, there's word the ozone hole over the south pole is getting smaller. u.s. and british researchers say the hole is now about one-fifth smaller than in 2000. their report in the journal "science" credits a 1987 treaty on phasing out chemicals that deplete ozone. the gas shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation. >> woodruff: still to come on the newshour: the military lifts its ban on transgender service members; new insights into the identities of the istanbul airport bombers; the u.s. ambassador to the u.n. on shaping public perception of refugees; a detroit company that's tied its own fate to the city; and much more. >> sreenivasan: last summer, defense secretary carter declared the military's ban on transgender soldiers "outdated." carter's announcement today that transgender people can serve openly will impact the estimated 2,500 to 7,000 transgender soldiers currently serving, out of a total one point five million on active duty. there are between 1,500 and 4,000 transgender reservists. our john yang has been reporting on the new policy, he joins me now. so, what's the big impact today's announcement. >> yang: well, starting today, transgender men and women in the services can no longer be kicked out simply for being transgendered. entire policy will be phased in over a year, but starting in 90 days, medical services, medical treatments for transgendered service people-- hormone treatments and even sexual reassignment surgery itself, will be covered under the military health care system. that's a first. they've had to go outside the system and pay for it themselves until now. >> sreenivasan: one of the first things the secretary said in his speech was he needed access to 100% of the population to have the best military possible. what about the impact on are cruits? >> recruits can go in. if they've had sexual reassignment surgery in the past. but they have to certify or have a doctor certify they have been without distress or impairment for 18 months. this is like any other medical condition. they're trying to cut down on lost duty time. if you've had knee surgery, you've got to show the same proof. if you had symptoms of depression, you've got to show the same proof. so this is all treating it like any other medical condition now. >> sreenivasan: why did it take so long from his announcement to now? >> it was delayed several months. we don't quite know why. there have been reports about opposition coming from the top ranks of the military worried about unit cohesion bmilitary preparedness, and effectiveness in battle. there have been some retired officers who have been wondered why what they call a social experiment is being done at a time when you've got troops deployed around the world fighting insurgent forces. but secretary carter said he spoke to all the uniform chiefs and they are all on board with this. >> sreenivasan: you know, there was also a kind of moral component to what he was saying, that this is the right thing to do. >> he quoted the chief the staff of the army, saying we are fighting the-- the men and women in the armed forces are fighting for people and they're open to any american and that if they're willing to fight and die for it they ought to live by it at all. >> sreenivasan: there was a conversation recently about the marines taking gender-based titles out of their force. this is an active conversation happening in the military right now. >> i mean, this is something-- think. in the last five years, you have had the military open up to gays serving in the military, serving openly in the military. women in combat roles. and now transgender men and women serving openly in the military. this has been a huge soc change in a rather tradition-bound and a-- thought of being rigid institution. >> sreenivasan: and in a relatively short period of time. john yang, thanks so much. >> woodruff: we return to istanbul, and the aftermath of tuesday's deadly airport attack. more of the dead were memorialized today, and larger questions are being asked about how turkey will respond. from istanbul, special correspondent jane ferguson reports. >> reporter: shattered families have gathered to bury their loved ones in funerals across istanbul. many of those killed on tuesday's attack at ataturk airport were turkish nationals, leaving behind grieving relatives, and a shocked country. at this small high school in the city, people gathered to say goodbye to 28-year-old teacher, hussayn tunch. he was waiting for a friend to arrive when the attackers struck. his students are clearly shaken. >> ( translated ): we first heard the news from social media and couldn't believe it. then we checked the school website and found out it was our teacher. >> reporter: police say the attack was planned here, a historic neighborhood in istanbul called fatih. the three suicide bombers lived in this second-floor apartment before that attack. turkish news media here report that neighbors complained of a suspicious chemical odor coming from the building. the turkish government says the three men were from russia, and the central asian countries of kyrgyzstan and uzbekistan, and that it was an isis operation. reactions to tuesday's attack reflect how polarized turkey's population is. some locals in istanbul told the newshour they don't think the government is doing everything it can to keep them safe. >> ( translated ): i don't think they do enough. with this last attack, there is not much they can do. they tried, but they made it worse. they cannot control it. >> reporter: others are staunch defenders of the government. >> ( translated ): the opposition, they don't know anything. they just talk. >> reporter: turkey's president, recep tayyip erdogan, had been criticized in the past for tolerating the islamic state's use of the country as a backdoor into syria. isis recruits have often traveled through turkey on their way to join the group. it's an issue that's led to backlash in the streets. >> ( translated ): we think we are surviving by chance, because the government supports is, and innocent people are killed as a result. we are here for the innocent people who were killed yesterday at the ataturk airport. >> reporter: now the government is under renewed pressure to react to the attacks, in part, by thawing relations with russia. erdogan has called for syria's president bashar al assad to step down, and had been angered by russia's support of the dictator. last year, turkish jets downed a russian plane accused of entering their air space from syria. but turkish analysts say ankara increasingly sees russia as an important partner, not only in the fight against isis. >> ( translated ): russia provides balance for turkey. turkey is part of western security institutions like nato, it's in the un and trying to be >> reporter: those swings in alliances continue, as syria's war tests country after country. and as frontline state turkey faces some of the most daunting challenges of all. for the pbs newshour, i'm jane ferguson in istanbul, turkey. >> woodruff: now, to my interview with the u.s. ambassador to the united nations, samantha power. she was here in washington yesterday to speak on the plight of refugees, now a record 65 million worldwide. i spoke with her yesterday afternoon at the state department. ambassador susan power, thank you very much for talking with us. >> you were calling this situation right now the greatest refugee crisis the world has known since worl world war ii. and yet you see this rising, enormous backlash in europe, in the united states. it says that a lot of people, maybe most people be don't share your view about what to do. how do you deal with that? >> well, i think there's a lot of latent public opinion that doesn't necessarily get air time during presidential elections, for instance. but there are fears. i think those fears are stoked. we see those in history at different times, whether we let in jewish refugees during the second world war or vietnamese refugeees after the vietnam war. so there's nothing new in that set of fears. i think some of the fears are warranted. people are wondering, could isil potentially sneak through. and we have to answer those fears and i think we have by putting in place these incredibly strenuous vetting processes that have the f.b.i. and the center for counter-terrorism and the department of homeland security at the table vetting the time it takes. but we also need to do a better job lifting up the voices of those people who, again, aren't necessarily running for office, but who have welcomed refugees into their homes, into their communities, giving small amounts of money, donating toys. i see that all over the place meeting with refugees around the country, just how much generosity there is. >> woodruff: you also see the vote in the united kingdom to leave the e.u., the brexit vote. this has become a political crisis or problems as much as a humanitarian one. how much harder does that make it for you? >> clearly, there are difficult politics associated with this issue. i think we have to be a little careful to choose-- to pull out of brexit one thing and say, "wow, those people voted that way because of the syrian refugee crisis or because of displacement." i mean there were concerns, of course, we saw in exit polls and heard from people about immigration, so i don't dismiss the point at all. but, you know, i think that part of what is making people feel a little overwhelmed now, just by reading the newspaper, is a sense of an uncontrolled flow, just people tumbling over borders. and that's also where the security fears-- people are, and could among that popilization you have ice nil syria-- could that be smuggled in that very large number of people. and what we're trying to do is to say we have systems here. we have processs. in order for those systems to work, there has to be burden sharing. it has to be more equitable. it can't just be falling to turkey to take three million syrians, and then have countries washing their hands of an obligation to take any. if there's a way to-- and it's very difficult to do-- but to slow downtown process, to make sure that the screening and procedures are in place, to be sure that communities are ready to absorb refugees when they land-- because there's nothing worse than the volatility of an unready community, you know, meeting an influx of families with have gone through so much. >> woodruff: it sounds like what you're saying is you're ciewlg leaders to go against the popular will in their countries. there are very real concerns in this country that so many of these refugees may be terrorists hiding, pretending to be somebody else. >> this is an issue that has proven divisive, there's no question. but again, i draw on the number of mayors and local officials and school board heads who-- and private-sector c.e.o.s who have gone out of ther way in this country to say we want refugees. we have seen how refugees work. we have seen how they enrich our community. we have to know there's more beneath the surface than necessarily meets the eye. >> woodruff: at the same time, many americans are looking at this from, frankly, a more parochial standpoint. they're thinking these people may be taking jobs away from us. they may be presenting a very real security threat to us right now. you can guarantee the american people those things aren't gog happen? >> what i can say is since september 11, we've taken 800,000 people into this country in our resettlement program and not one of them has been involved in domestic terrorism. what i can say is our system for screening refugees is the most robust of any-- for anybody coming into the country, and that syrian refugees get an added layer of vetting because of the proximity, of course, with a battleground and with isil. >> woodruff: europe probably the person in this administration, high level, most identified with humanitarian cause, certainly because of all the work yo did on humanitarian issues before you came into the administration. how do you square that with what has to be-- i mean, from your perspective-- a disappointing response on the part of the u.s.? i guess the u.s. at this point has taken in just a few thousand-- >> syrian. >> woodruff: syrian refugees out of millions. >> yeah. >> woodruff: how do you reconcile that personally? >> well, i reconcile it in part because nobody is the the more vocal champion of enhancing our support for refugees than the president i get to work for every day. so we have now increased the number of refugees we're taking this year to 85,000, including 10,000 syrians. we are increasing next year to 100,000. that is a 40% increase in just a two-year period of time. we have to make sure the system is ready, and that we can do the vetting consistent with our primary responsibility, which is to keep the american people safe. >> woodruff, of course, the root cause of the most of the syrian refugee crisis is the war ongoing there. just recently, a number of u.s. diplomats wrote a letter to secretary kerry saying they want the u.s. very much to take a more aggressive military role. in that war. what's your feeling about na? >> the viewlz expressed in that cable are views and policy positions that have been taken in meetings i'm in, in meetings the president has chaired. he welcomes that kind of debate. if we were able to present something that makes a compelling caes where, you know, the benefits in terms of ending the syrian war are going to exceed the costs, he's going to embrace that. and there's not an option that's been presented, again, that he hasn't embraced, you know, that if somebody presents it in a manner where it is compelling and actually looks like it's going to solve the problem, he's going to be all over it. and to this day, even with the short time left in his tenure, we are still looking to end the war, and we are still being encouraged to look under every rock. >> woodruff: u.s. ambassador to the united nations, samantha power. thank you very much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: a deeper look into why some voters don't trust hillary clinton, the untold story of women mathematicians who launched the u.s. into space. and tig nataro's take on healing through comedy. but first, how a small company in detroit is trying to bring more manufacturing of a different kind back to the motor city. in fact, the company is branding its products as "built in detroit." but what does that really mean? special correspondent roben farzad has the story, part of our series on business and economics, "making sense," which airs thursdays. >> reporter: shinola's flagship store in midtown detroit showcases hand-made leather goods, bicycles constructed on site, and, of course, watches, the product that put this luxury brand on the map. when you look at your marketing research, say, a 40-something with some money to spend walks into a store, and aspires to buy a shinola watch. what is that person buying? >> first and foremost, a, a high-quality time piece that has a story behind it >> reporter: president jacques panis says that story is about detroit, a city that got hit especially hard by a financial crisis that saw washington bailing out general motors. adding insult: the nfl's lions went winless; the city's mayor was indicted and detroit later filed for the biggest bankruptcy in municipal history. even so five years ago shinola set up shop here in a former general motors lab. >> it's a city that, it's gonna be one of the great stories of our country. and, yes, it, it fell on hard times. and, we at shinola have come to this city and have been a small part of this revitalization. >> reporter: the company has created almost 400 jobs here. 240 in manufacturing. mesha mccoy was laid off by a car parts maker in 2009. this feels much less kind of what i imagine manufacturing to be, it's a clean room, we're wearing, you know, smocks and we're wearing things over our shoes. >> i like it because when we come in, we're clean, and when we leave, we're clean. at the auto, automotive industry, it was the total opposite. go in clean, you leave out dirty. so, i love it. >> reporter: mccoy was one of the first workers on the movement assembly line. >> i didn't know anything about a watch, but to know how to set it. >> reporter: titus hayes used to work on dashboards for chrysler. he too was among shinola's first hires. >> they helped us assemble the movements and they trained us piece by piece, step by step how to assemble movements so we can do it on our own. >> reporter: the workers on the floor earn $13.50-$15.50 an hour. this year they'll churn out 225,000 watches. they're also ramping up production of leather passport covers, key fobs and journal covers. >> this is the future of manufacturing. >> reporter: michigan state university economist lisa cook says the days when detroit manufacturers employed 200,000 are gone. but there is a future for smaller, niche operations like shinola. >> we can expect that many different types of novelty products might be produced, ones that require high skills like shinola watches, and these goods, and goods like them, represent that kind of comeback. >> detroit is and always has been an amazing place to be. >> reporter: shinola has closely aligned itself with the resilience of detroit and the revival of american manufacturing. as a result, it's won some famous fans like presidents past and present and movie stars. >> i got this shinola watch in detroit. anytime you can contribute in any way to that city, it feels good. >> reporter: billionaire sports and tech mogul ted leonsis invested $25 million in shinola's parent company bedrock. why? he saw more and more young people buying products with meaning. >> millennials really wanted the ability to not only badge, wear something of high quality, fairly priced, beautifully made, like my shinola watch right here, but equally as importantly, to be able to support your community and your neighbors. >> reporter: shinola founder tom kartsotis, who made his fortune building fossil watches, named his company after an old shoe- polish brand that came up in conversation one day. >> when tom talked to his lawyer and told him, "i'm going to do a moonshot. i want to build the next great company to put people to work," he said, "you don't know no ( bleep ) from shinola about doing that." and he said, "what shinola?" and went online and-- >> reporter: is that apocryphal? that's real? >> yeah-- and ended up buying the brand, kind of there's a little tweak and fun, you know, you're probably right that i don't know what we're doing around this, but let's go for it. >> reporter: though it has yet to turn a profit, shinola made 100 million in revenue last year, up from 60 million the year before. but shinola has its critics who point out that it's owned by a company in texas, not detroit. aaron foley is the author of "how to live in detroit without being a jackass." >> it seemed like overnight they were talked about in the same, you know, breath with ford, g.m., and not just them -- motown-- all of these things that are so iconic in the history of detroit. who's to say that, you know, once the luster of the coolness of detroit wears off, shinola won't, you know, pull up their stakes and go to toledo or cleveland or whatever the next hot rust belt, midwest city on the rise is. >> reporter: detroit writer jon moy believes shinola is exploiting detroit's travails to make money. jon, come on! detroit, jobs, happy workers, revival, renaissance, leather watches! what, how could you have any beef with that? >> don't think i have a beef with jobs, i don't think i have a beef with new things, but i mean, i think it's a valid criticism to say that they've sort of co-opted this city and the struggle of the city and sort of commodified it in a way that most companies i think would be reticent. >> reporter: case in point: this ad for a new watch which ran soon after detroit filed for bankruptcy. and this tweet. >> you know, bankruptcy schmankruptcy yeah. i don't think a lot of people here would sort of respond the same to the city canceling pensions and retirement plans and benefits. to sort of use it to sell luxury goods and, it's, i think at least problematic, you know? and at worst, it's cynical and manipulative. >> reporter: washington has also weighed in. the federal trade commission recently told shinola to stop using the slogan "where american is made" because so many parts come from overseas. panis says "built in detroit" will now be qualified. >> built in detroit, with swiss and imported parts. >> reporter: the company argues the f.t.c. regulations are too strict since many components are not even available here. >> swiss companies are able to say "made in switzerland" even though they're bringing parts in from china and around. there's a globalization for manufacturing companies. >> reporter: lisa cook gets the criticism but she thinks ultimately shinola is a boon for detroit. >> i am an economist. i am a macro economist. i will take growth any way you can get it. even if it's not sort of made wholly in detroit. it's made enough in detroit! open more manufacturing stores like this, more manufacturing outlets like this. there are niche products that people want to buy. so why not supply those consumers who want these goods? and why not have these goods come from detroit? >> reporter: the shinola brand seemed to enjoy goodwill among locals we bumped into. would you get a shinola watch? are you interested in them? >> i got two shinola watches. >> reporter: you do? >> two of them. >> if they have good quality that says that detroit has quality workers, then people will buy them and bring detroit some more shine. >> i wanted to get one of the bikes but they're kind of expensive. it's detroit though, you know? >> reporter: what that ultimately means, only time will tell. for the pbs newshour i'm roben farzad reporting from detroit. >> woodruff: now, to the 2016 campaign for the white house as we get closer to the national party conventions. impressions of both hillary clinton and donald trump have begun to take hold in the minds of more and more voters. some positive and some less so. in our on-going effort to look at not only the candidates' positions on the issues, but also at their personalities and character traits, we take a look tonight at voters' perceptions of clinton: the newshour's lisa desjardins begins our report. >> reporter: it was a blunt moment on monday: hillary clinton, the democratic nominee- in-waiting, confronting an issue that's dogged her in this campaign: >> a lot of people tell pollsters they don't trust me. now i don't like hearing that and i have thought a lot about what is behind it. >> it's something even democratic voters have expressed. >> first of all, she's lying about benghazi. she's lying about her e-mails. >> reporter: recent polls such as this week's nbc-"wall street journal" survey back up the anecdotes. 69% said she had a record of being dishonest. enter the republican nominee-to-be, donald trump. he has his own polling negatives, but he's pouncing on the clinton trust gap. >> most people know she's a world-class liar. just look at her pathetic e-mail server statements. >> reporter: some point to her time in the white house and the investigation into both clintons' investments in property, known as white water. defenders say this is pure politics, the drawback of a nearly four-decade-long career, this from one iowa voter in january. >> i think you can't be a candidate who has been in the public eye for as long as hillary has. and not have something that can be sort of picked apart. >> reporter: the candidate insists she is a victim of politics and misunderstanding. she says she's ready to confront the issue. >> you can't just talk someone into trusting you. you've got to earn it >> woodruff: we explore this issue of trust with: anne gearan. she covers the clinton campaign for the "washington post." democratic pollster peter hart, founder of hart research. and strategist ann lewis, a hillary clinton supporter who has known the candidate for more than two decades. welcome all three of you back to the program. >> thank you. >> woodruff: anne gearan, to you first. you do following the clinton campaign very closely. how serious do they view this issue, this question of trustworthiness? >> well, i think you get a measure of how serious and persistent an issue, a problem this is for clinton by the fact that she took time out of an otherwise-unrelated event earlier this week to address it, which was, you know, on monday at a an otherwise civil rights-themed, she kind of made an aside to say, before a friendly audience, that she understood that people have questions and doubts about her trustworthiness and that she's trying to work to address those. she's trying to neutralize it and cauterize that the pest she can at the start of the general election campaign because it's something that stuck with her throughout the primary and appears to be primed to be a major topic during the general. >> woodruff: peter hart, based on the polling you've done over the years, especially this year, talking to voters, what do you see? >> it's a big problem. i mean, this is our nbc-"wall street journal" poll, and we asked people to use their own words when they hear the word "president hillary clinton. what comes to mind?" and you can see the biggest word there is trustworthy, liar, and all of this. there are lots of good things to say about her but the biggest problem and challenge that she has is how do you overcome the integrity problem. >> woodruff: and this is unprompted or prompted? >> unprompted. in other words, this-- they can choose any word. people say i want to select a woman, they like that very much. they think she's competent. but the biggest hurdle for her is integrity. >> woodruff: ann lewis, as somebody who has known hillary clinton for a very long time. it's a recurring issue. why is that? how do you see it? >> well, as hillary has said, she knows it. she doesn't like it. she knows it. she knows she has to work hard tore earn people's trust. look, judy, it is not a coincidence that we're having this conversation the day after the benghazi committee report comes out. we've had 25 years of partisan attacks on hillary, every one of them eventually disproved, but they leave a residue. so the benghazi report, which was the seventh, looking at this tragedy where people had died, and yet it's being used for partisan purposes, really to bludgeon her. the report comes out and says no wrongdoing, front page, cleared of any wrongdoing, and yet her opponents are using it again as a way to attack her. yes, she has work to do, as she has said. she knows she's made some mistakes but the most important thing she can do is tell people,"i'm going to work hard on your behalf. you can count on me." >> woodruff: peter what, do you see, again, in the research and focus groups, that's at the source of this? what's causing people to have this lack of trust? >> well, what's fascinating is what ann says. it's not a single event, it's not as if hillary clinton can go to the nation and say, "i want to address this directly." the problem is there are a host of things that go back over 25 years. >> woodruff: like what? >> well, you can go back to white water that they talk about. they can talk about all of the elements, whether it's benghazi, whether it's the speak fees at wall street. all of those things become challenges, and they build upon one another. so as ann said, maybe she's answered each and every one of these things, but there's not a sense of transparency. there's not a sense of she's opened all the backs and done all those thengz. so that's what's hanging out there. it's not a single specific. >> woodruff: anne gearan, you have also talked to voters. you don't just talk to people in the campaign. what do you see coming through voters and what is at the source of this? >> it's interesting that you mention the speaking fee issue. this is-- this is something that we heard an awful lot about throughout the primary, and it was not a partisan attack in the sense that it did not come from republicans, primarily. it came from democrats. it came from bernie supporters. it came from liberal democrats concerned that clinton was revealing that she was too close to wall street, point one. and that she felt-- seemed to them that she had something to hide by not releasing the transcriptes of those conversations and not being willing to talk in great ketail about what she had said in those closed door sessions. so that-- it's the two things. it's that she, you know, has made decisions that people disagree with, going back decades, and in this case, not that long ago, and whether she's being truthful and forthcoming in the aftermath in describing those. that particular incident was of great interest to us because it showed that she, even at a time when this was pretty obvious that she was going to run for president, made decisions that in-- really pretty clearly were going to make her look as if she could potentially, you know, have something to hide, that there was a political-- that there was going to be a political cost to that. >> woodruff: ann lewis, basically your point is it's not fair. it's just the accumulation of a number of negative stories. but having said that, does hillary clinton, do the people around her understand-- i mean, how do they think they turn this around? how do they deal with it? >> let me be clear, life may not be fair, but you deal with what's there. and hillary says and knows she has-- she has to work hard in this campaign, again, to earn people's trust, to say, "here's my record of what i've done. you can count on me. you can count on me to fight for you." look, nobody i know would say, who could you count on to fight for children? well, look at hillary clinton's record, and this is what she'll do. this isn't something you address with rhetoric. do you it with action. do you it with commitment, and you do it in hillary's case by pointing out what she has done throughout her life. >> woodruff: and peter hart, again, as somebody who has looked at a lot of different campaigns, is this something that a candidate can turn around? is this one of those thengz that you can go out there and make the opposite argument? what are the options for hillary clinton? >> well, i think the options are to get back to-- hillary clinton i see as sort of a great antique desk that has been painted over a million times and if you could just strip away all of that, she'd have a much better chance. and i don't think it's on integrity. ung it is on being easygoing and likable. her friendships. her depth. all of those things. people think of her as competent. they don't trust her. but they don't like her at this stage of the game. that's the thing that she needs to deal-- >> woodruff: so how does she-- is this the kind of thing a candidate can change? >> of course, they can. i mean, it just is as much as anything, all of her friendships. those thengz need to get across. somehow she needs to be able to have that nice interchange, which she can do so well. everything is too much of a platform. you don't get that easygoing qualities that you can see. and if you create that, then i think integrity becomes a subpart instead of the major part. >> woodruff: anne gearan in talking to the campaign, do you sense they have a strategy, that they recognize-- as we pointed out, hillary clinton herself addressed this, this week, but what do they do going forward about it? >> well, i mean, the strategy appears to be two main things-- talk about it, confront it, acknowledge it. it is a problem, she's saying, and here's what i'm going to do about it. i'm going to try to work hard and earn your trust. that's point one she's doing. the other thing i think-- i've been surprised we evaporate talked about yet-- which is, yes, people don't like her. yes, people say she is untrustworthy but in the same polling people say they don't like donald trump more and the second part of that strategy is to play on people's dislike and distrust of donald trump, and to try to flesh that out with data points from his business background which you see, not only clinton and her campaign doing but all of the superpacs doing on her behalf. people who say they were victimizeed by trump, showing where he stiffed contractors at his atlantic city hotels and all the rest. that is a different way of getting at the question of trustworthiness and, you know, believability, and that's how they're going to try to advance her by attacking him. >> woodruff: compared to what? >> exactly. >> woodruff: well, we've got four and a half months to go. and we will continue to watch this unfold. anne gearan. >> thank you. >> woodruff: peter hart. ann lewis, thank you all, appreciate it. >> sreenivasan: now, the next addition to our summer reading list. it's a look at some unsung american heroes in the space race, the women behind the scenes. at the recent los angeles book festival jeffrey brown sat down with nathalia holt, the author of "rise of the rocket girls: the women who propelled us, from missiles to the moon to mars." tell me, who were the rocket girls? they were mostly forgotten by nasa. these women worked as computerss -- >> explain that. i know they're called literally computers. >> this is their job title. you actually needed humans to be able to do the calculations. so this is what they started out working as. so they only had pencil and paper and these really loud mechanical calculators that couldn't do very much. and from that, they were able to calculate an incredible number of trajectories for spacecraft, propellants >> brown: so they are literally computing and called computers before the age that we are now living in. >> but once the first i.b.m.'s came in, then they became the first computer programmers in the lab. >> brown: what kind of background did they come from that brought them into this? >> they come from different backgrounds, many of them have only had high school degrees. but they were exceptionally good at math. they were often the only girls in their math classes, but they loved math. they would take as much as they could, but they're weren't many options for women then. mostly, if you loved math, if you loved science, your option still were nurse, teacher, secretary, and so by becoming a computer, they could get around this and have a job in science. >> brown: give us an example. someone that you came to know and love. because you told these individual stories right? >> i found these women and i loved speaking with them. a wonderful example is barbara palsin. today she is turning 88, she has a birthday and she started in the lab when she was 19. she had her high school degree and loved math. and she had an incredible long career, she had a 45-year career in nasa, working on all of these different missions. >> brown: what kind of limitations do they run up against? women were paid less than men, and their responsibilities increased as the time went by but still they had many setbacks, of course there was sexism there as there is today in science and so they had to cope with that. but in general, they loved their careers, they loved their time at nasa, and really had such a big contribution. >> brown: you described them sort of joining, or forming a club. i suppose that they almost had too. >> they really relied on each other, so they became this all woman group, because of macy roberts, so she was the first supervisor of computers. she was made supervisor in 1942, so she is the one that decided it should be all women. even though men did apply, but she wanted it to be a close knit group of girls. >> brown: she kept out the men? >> she did. on purpose. >> brown: sort of reverse discrimination in a sense. >> yes, this actually continued for decades. they were friends as well as co- workers. they had spent so much time together, often all night, during missions. they were there for days sometimes, some of these missions. and there were also some concerns that a male wouldn't do as well taking directions from a female boss. brown: what kinds of things were they working on? >> they are thrilling moments, one of my favorite is during explorer one, which is the first american satellite. and here you have barbara polsin, who is in the control room that night. she has worked in the lab for a decade already. so she had been hard at work making this moment possible, getting all of the rockets to this point. and she is the one calculating the trajectory that night. so when the first american satellite is a success, its because of her. she is the one that actually has found out that it's in orbit. >> brown: did she get her due? did people understand it at the time? >> a very sad part of the book is that, although she was celebrated then, and she had a room full of people that were so excited by what she had accomplished, what i found is that much of that was forgotten. in 2008, nasa held a gala in celebration of explorer one for the 50th anniversary. and none of women who worked on that project were even in mission control that night were invited. and this is a very sad thing. >> brown: this is in 2008. so the awareness has not changed at all. >> it is very sad. my hope is that now, they will finally get the recognition that they deserve. >> brown: we do a lot of talking on our program looking at the problem of young girls, young women, women, getting into and then staying in with sciences. what do you see happening? >> it's a desperate time for women in technology. absolutely so in 1984, 37% of bachelor's degrees in computer science were awarded to women and today that number is 18%. so it's a huge drop. >> brown: why do you think that's happening? >> some of the reasons are education, some of them have to do with the lack of role models. models that young women can see, they can see a reflection of themselves in computer science. but it's important that we address this because even for the women in science today, we're seeing that about half of the women leave mid-career. and what i like about the stories of these women, the rocket girls, is that they were able to get over many of these hurdles. it wasn't typical for women to be mothers and scientist at this time. and they were able to accomplish that. >> brown: what about in the space program itself? the situation has changed dramatically. >> it has changed dramatically. so what we are seeing that for women astronauts is that his is an amazing time. half of the class of astronauts are women. this is an incredible accomplishment we should all be very proud of this. but for the engineers who are a part of the space agency, it is a different story and we have to make sure that we are bolstering these women and encouraging women to go into the sciences. >> brown: thank you. "rocket girls" by nathalia holt. >> woodruff: now to another in our brief but spectacular series, where we ask interesting people to describe their passions. tonight we hear from comedian tig notaro who has used her performances to overcome enormous personal hurdles, including a cancer diagnoses and the loss of her mother. her memoir, "i'm just a person" came out earlier this month. >> in 2012, i was so busy. i was filming a movie. shooting a tv pilot. then i started to get sick, i got diagnosed with pneumonia. a few days later my mother tripped and hit her head and died. my girlfriend at the time, she and i split up. and then i was diagnosed with invasive bilateral breast cancer. during that time period, i kept hearing, 'god never gives you more than you can handle.' that was way more than i could handle. i would hear brave and battling and all of these words that i didn't know that i really related to i kept picturing the military hearing about this brave person and just kicking my door down and coming in to find me just crying on my couch for my mommy and them being like 'yep there she is. we need you on the frontlines, there's the brave one.' that diagnoses just sent me spiraling but also i felt more prolific than ever. i started writing non-stop and i had a show coming up . i knew i needed an opening line that was going to crack the tension. i had this thought that went through my head picturing myself walking out saying: good evening, hello. i have cancer. how are you? hi. how are you? is everyone having a good time? i have cancer. how are you? there were so many mixed responses, from just stunned silence, to uncomfortable laughing, to crying. to some degree i was asking for help even while i was trying to make light of it. when i had a double mastectomy, i didn't have reconstructive surgery and i don't have nipples and it was, it was you know a struggle getting comfortable with myself. but when i really thought about how it was just my skin growing together with my skin and healing me why is that uncomfortable or shameful or embarrassing or something to hide. if somebody has a scar on their face nobody's like hey you need to cover that. that's hard to look at. after i really healed and was comfortable with my body and was back touring in front of audiences, i kept thinking oh my god i could take my shirt off right now and blow these people's minds. i couldn't take it any longer and i just had to remove my shirt. people say things to me now 'oh this is so empowering for women and cancer survivors,' and absolutely. it's really more about just being human beings and this is our body and who cares my name is tig notaro and this who cares my and this is my brief but spectacular take on healing through company. >> woodruff: and she took our breath away a little bit there. >> woodruff: you can watch more of our brief but spectacular episodes on our webiste. pbs.org/newshour/brief. also online, we share another special "science bedtime story." it tells the incredible tale of the spacecraft that flew to pluto and of a little girl who loved space and grew up to become one of the mission's lead engineers. all that and more is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: tune in later tonight on charlie rose: "new york times" columnist and author tom friedman weighs in on both the brexit, and the race for the white house. and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday, why polish immigrants in england fear for their safety after brexit. i'm hari sreenivasan. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff, join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> you were born with two stories. one you write every day, and one you inherited that's written in your d.n.a. 23andme.com is a genetic service that provides personalized reports about traits, health and ancestry. learn more at www.23andme.com. >> fathom travel. carnival corporation's small ship line. offering seven day cruises to three cities in cuba. exploring the culture, cuisine and historic sites through its people. more at fathom.org. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention. in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org this is "nightly business report" with tyler mathisen and sue herera. >> halfway mark, a turbulent first half ends with big gains for stocks, but as companies prepare to report earnings in coming weeks, there's a new issue to figure out. >> new scrutiny. auto safety regulators investigating tesla's autopilot feature as the move towards driverless cars gains traction. >> candyland. hershey rejects an offer from mondelez in who would have been one of the biggest deals of the year. those stories and more tonight on "nightly business report" for thursday, june 30th. good evening, everyone and welcome. a big finish to a turbulent month. a blustery quarter and a wild first half. stocks logged their third straight day ofns

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