Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20160422

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And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. S orst sreenivasan from rules governing delegates to rules governing bathrooms, it was all part of this campaign day in the president ial race. Is john yang begins our coverage. Reporter at a today show town hall this morning, donald trump promised a kinder, gentler republican frontrunner. Its easier for me to be president ial than for me to be doing what ive been doing for the last, really, nine months. But at the right time, i will be so president ial, you will be so bored. You will say, cant he have a reporter he also stepped into a contentious issue, defending the right of transgender people to use the bathroom that matches their gender identity. Ba you leave it the way it is. There have been very few complaints the way it is. People go. They use the bathroom that they feel is appropriate. There has been so little trouble. Th this morning, donald trump went on the today show. Reporter that drew a swiftnt rebuke from texas senator tedd cruz, as he stumped in maryland, one of the new primary battlegrounds. Um donald agreed with Hillary Clinton and barack obama, in attacking the state of northh carolina for passing their bathroom ordinance. Have we gone stark raving nuts . The political correctness, this is basic common sense. Meanwhile the Republican National committee met in hollywood, florida, amid trumps complaints about party rules. There are reports the group made no changes. The roons chief straft gist told me yesterday, the chairmana reince priebus, directed members here this week not to set new rules ahead of the conventions. Reporter Hillary Clinton meanwhile is close to wrapping up the democratic nomination. She campaigned in connecticut, focusing on gun control. Ca im raising it everywhere i go because we need a national movement. The gun lobby is the most powerful lobby in washington. Reporter Bernie Sanders returned to campaigning in pennsylvania, after taking a beating in the new york primarye i dont mind losing, but three Million People in new york state three Million People who registered as independents did not have the right to participate in the democratic or republican primary. Reporter sanders muted on his criticism of clinton today, whose delegate lead is now all but insurmountable. For the pbs newshour, im john yang. Ay n sreenivasan you can hear more online from dan bush, covering the Republican National committee meeting. And, well take a closer look at the primaries in five states next tuesday, later in the program. In the days other news, aftershocks rocked ecuador again, five days after the countrys worst earthquake in decades. And, the official death tollto ticked steadily higher, reaching 577. More than 160 people are still missing and more than 23,000 aro homeless. Meanwhile, president Rafael Correa announced hes raisingng the National Sales tax and putting a onetime levy on millionaires to pay for reconstruction. Volkswagen formally submitted a plan today to settle with u. S. Customers, over its emissions cheating scandal. Under the terms, the german auto maker says it will buy back the affected models or fix them, whichever the owner wants. In all, some 482,000 customers of volkswagens dieselengine cars will be affected. Details, including the total amount that v. W. Will pay, areil still being worked out. Ng Queen Elizabeth celebrated a milestone birthday today and thousands paid tribute to her across britain. Tim ewart of independent Television News wraps up the days celebrations. De reporter the band played, the sun shone, wellwishers lined the streets to offer flowers and cards in a town heavy with royal britains 90 year old monarch set forth to meet her people. 0 some of the real diehards had slept on this pavement for two nights to be in prime position. She knows these faces well and she was not going to disappoint them. Three cheers for her mag see. Hiphipwhat ray. A statue of victoria the queens greatgreat grandmother stands outside windsor castle. Victoria was once britains oldest and longest serving monarch. But she died at 81 and elizabeth passed the milestone of longest reign last year. A group of other 90 year olds was assembled to meet the monarch. Mo such an age was once rare but no longer. There are roughly half a million nonagenarians in england and wales. The queen though never fails to impress. U i thought she looked wonderful and i was interested in her makeup because she looked so lovely and smooth. I was wondering to ask her what she used. Wo [laughter] reporter the queen is 90, her husband nearly 95, but for all the advancing years the show goes on. Sreenivasan elizabethl ascended to the throne in 1952,n after the death of her father, king george vi. Th the man who flew a mini helicopter onto the u. S. Capitol lawn, a year ago this month, was sentenced today. , Douglas Hughes got four months in prison for piloting a gyrocopter without a license. Hughes and his craft penetrated some of the nations most restricted airspace beforece landing at the capitol. He said he was protesting big money in politics. Wall street came back to earth after a threeday rally. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost more than 113 points to close at 17,982. The nasdaq fell two points, and the s p 500 slipped nearly 11. And, the olympic flame was lit today, starting the countdown to the 2017 summer games in rio ded janiero. The ceremony took place at the ancient stadium in olympia, greece where the games originated. An actress playing a High Priestess lit the torch, starting it on a journey to brazil. The games are set to open on august 5, but theyve been plagued by delays and political turmoil in brazil. Still to come on the newshour mourning a music icon prince dies at 57. A look ahead to the nextd primaries and the fight over trade along the campaign trail. Obama in Saudia Arabia amid tensions in the relationship between two longtime allies. And much more. Sreenivasan prince was a pop icon, a superstar, but much more, embracing controversies and battles with the music industry. Tonight, fans around the world are mourning the sudden andan shocking loss of one of musics greatest artists. 2000 party, oops, out of time the song and album were called 1999, but it was 1982 when prince became a pop superstar. The flamboyant performer, whose full name was prince rogers nelson, blended gender norms as well as musical styles, taking elements from r b, funk soul and hip hop to help define the minneapolis sound. He was such a singular virtuoso that he was able to take from all of these different genres and move really fluidly between the genres in order to create really what was his own sound, a prince sound, or is a prince sound. No sreenivasan over his nearly fourdecade career he picked up seven grammy awards. Before he created the music, he lived every bit of it. Reporter he he also won an oscar for the soundtrack to purple rain. This is what it sounds like when the doves cry but more than the awards, the 1984 film and its infectious pop songs that helped define him for a generation of fans. E jim mcginn is Program Director for the current on minnesota public radio. He really stood up for his music and stood up for the rights of artists. R he believed really strongly in the s power of artists to create and, you know, time will tell if he some of his more controversial decisions were proven right. Sreenivasan despite so much early success, prince was always innovating, never settling. Ti he played guitar, drums, piano and other instruments and produced a rich and prolific body of work 39 albums, including four in just the past year and half. He continued to reinvent himself, and in a 2004 interview he told tavis smiley why. I dont know how any of us grow if we just tread water. The idea is that we keep growing, and like we were saying before, the fan base i have now, theyre so sophisticated they almost expect me to do the unexpected. Ow and that gives me a lot of room to challenge myself as well as them. Sreenivasan that same year he was inducted into the rock n roll hall of fame, where hee joined tom petty, jeff lynne and Steve Winwood for a version of George Harrisons while my guitar gently weeps. He was celebrated for influencing a generation of musicians, for nurturing youngec artists and for reaching fans across race and cultural divides yet prince also prized his privacy. He was very selective about who he worked with, and fought fiercely to have his likeness and work protected. Fi that included scrubbing his videos from youtube, and leading a decadeslong fight against the recording industry. Ngin at one point, he stopped calling himself prince, instead using a keylike logo known as the love symbol and referred to a the artist formerly known as prince. Is purple rain purple rain sreenivasan but he continued to cross over into mainstream culture, such as his performanca at the 2007 superbowl halftime show, considered one of the greatest. Last year he released the song baltimore, a show ofea solidarity with those outraged by the deaths of Michael Brown and freddie grey, and performed a benefit concert in the city. Y, many today expressed their shock at his passing, while his classic songs surged inng downloads. Prince had been recently hospitalized for the flu. Du. He died at his paisley park studio and estate ink minneapolis. He was 57 years old. For more on the death of prince we turn to alan light a music journalist and author of lets go crazy, a biography of prince and the making of purple rain. I should add the downloads came only on title because one of the legacies of prince is his music is almost impossible to find on anyn streaming service. Mi that is correct. He continued to fight for the principles of controlling hisg music as the technology continued to shift underneath him. Sreenivasan what aree ripple effects we have of prince, meaning what kind of o influences of prince do we see in musicians that are working today . Well, the impact of somebody like this is just enormous. N i mean, he really was the reigning musical genius of his generation. He was capable of things nobody else was. As you would hear a direct influence in all kinds of artists whether lenny kravitz, outkast, beck, or people producing his songs and making his sounds. But more so, i think his sense of bravery and risk taking and independence of pursuing all of these different musical avenuesa i mean, having shown that you can do that and have the degree of success that he did, i think that leaves its mark on any musicians who follow, who folloo after he came along. Sreenivasan you wrote. Him in a particularly earlycu chapter in his life, a chapter that a lot of us are familiar with, purple rain. R what did you learn from that . There is a theme of him being an entertainer through and through. You know, i think the remarkable thing when you look back atlo purple rain is it fes sort of inevitable that theree was going to be something that would make him this huge, global, International Superstars fut of but if you look at that moment, here was a guy who had a couple of pop hits. It wasnt really a starm in main stream america or in the pop universe yet, and he went to his managers and said, get me a feature film deal or youree fired and ill find someone who will. He had this vision and this ambition, and he knew what it would take musically, in terms of his image, in terms of telling his story, what it would mean visually. L he had mapped out, this is what i need to do to become the biggest star in the world. Nobody around him understood that. They thought he wasto nuts. Whos going to let you make a movie . He went and did this and executed against his ideas and became the prince that we know, one of the bestknown musicians, one of the bestknown people in the world. The movie made its money back opening weekend, and he elevated to a whole other stratosphere. Sreenivasan tr finally, he was a prolific songwriter, andng the fact is he stayed minneapolis, not l. A. Or new york or another cultural power center. I think minneapolis wasce really important to him. I think that, first of all, he needed to have a command centerd where he had built paisley park, the exact studio he wanted, rehearsal space he wanted, to be as prolific as he was pup need that you need a headquartershe like that. But i think that minneapolis meant a lot to him, that he wasnt from one of the big media centers, that he could move around that city in a certain way, and to remember thatr minneapolis was a city that was much more integrated and much more liberal minded much earliea than a lot of other cities were. So he was exposed to different cultures, sounds, races, listening to different music. They think all stayed with him, and he always ended up returning home there. T sreenivasan all right, alan light, thanks sore much. Thank you so much. Nothing compares nothing compares to you nothing compares nothing compares to o sreenivasan and now for more on the race for the white house. Voters in five states head to the polls on tuesday. Front runners donald trump and Hillary Clinton are hoping tuesday will bring them closerda to the necessary delegates needed to secure their partys nominations. The Newshours John Yang has the latest. S yang today we focus on twoo key states voting next week. Joining me to talk about the race in maryland is john fritze of the Baltimore Sun. And from harrisburg,bu pennsylvania, Karen Langley of the pittsburgh postgazette th talk about that states primary. Both of these states have littlt wrinkles in their ballots, and, kate langley, the biggest wrinkle may be in pennsylvania. Y when Republican Voters go into the voting booth next tuesday,sd what are they going to see . Well, theyre going to be voting for a president ial candidate, of course. Ur they will also be voting for delegates to send to the Republican National convention. But there is no tie between the president ial candidate who is selected by the state or its Congressional Districts and a these delegates who the Congressional Districts will be choosing on tuesday. Those delegates do not have to commit to supporting any particular candidate, even on the first ballot. Al and so you could theoretically t have a president ial candidatent win the state and not get any of those 54 delegates who will be selected by the Congressional Districts. Reporter and how will the voters know who these delegatesg are going to support . Theyre technically unbound, bun some of them are already saying what theyre going to do. T thats right. So when these delegates havees been asked, and reporters haveep been trying to fig outer what they would do if they were selected, some of them say that they would support a particular candidate, at least on the first ballot. Ba a large portion of them say they would go the way their congressionale districts does, t least on that first ballot, ando some of them just say that they will take into consideration c things like the statewide winner, the correct district winner, and then who they think would be most electable in november. So, those candidates, as we can imagine, going into cleveland,le could be coming inspector a lot of lobbying from the president ial campaign since they theyre the ones who have the majority of sway, as far as the delegates from pennsylvania are concerned. Reporter and in maryland, john fritze, this is the first time in a long time that this state has actually mattered in the race. Thats absolutely right. We have had a competitive president ial in maryland in decades. While pennsylvania is thec biggest prize on tuesday, iia ly to joke that the maryland delegates are more loyal. Our delegates are bound for the first two ballots in cleveland, and so, you know, for a candidate coming in and trying to get every single delegate, ie think we have perhaps seen a little more tension because of that. If trump winsat a Congressional District in our state, those three delegates are bound for the first two ballots. Al reporter and also in i maryland on the democratic side, youve got the primary vote really being driven in a way by lower level races rather thann the president ial race. L right, inap unusual twist, usually we talk. Topdown effect. In this state we have two really good races, a great senate race going on, the democraticic primary, but we have i mayoral race in baltimore, which doesnt get as much attention in washington. Its the first big election in the city since the death of freddie gray, since the rithes on last year. Ye huge amount of interest andes there are indications early voting supin the city. Reporter could theit races affect upward . I think so. S for instance, if you see a huge African American turnout in Baltimore City baltimore is predominantly an African American city,tl when we talk about large turnouts in maryland we are talking about an increase in African American turnouts,s and that certainly benefits somebody like Hillary Clinton, and donna edwards, who is running for the senate. She would be the first black woman to represent the state in the senate. Reporter kate langley, in pennsylvania, whats the state of theha race . Whats going on, on the ground, on each side in the republicann and democratic races. Mo sure. Well, were seeing a lot of appearances by the candidates, by surrogates for the candidates. Yesterday in hershey, pennsylvania, i was at a ted cruz event. Donald trump will be in town here in harrisburg later tonight. Bill clinton was in harrisburgr today. As far as what we know about the, you know, theab polls, both clinton and trump have wide margins, so far. One longtime observer who i spoke with say the question is not whether the candidates will win their respective primaries but by how much. M reporter and is john kasich having any impact or getting any traction . Youra know, he in some surve, is right there with with cruz as the, you know, the second place to trump. I know that when kasich is in pittsburgh, he certainly talks up his roots from there. We have seen an advertisement ii think not maybe by him but maybe by supporters that plays up those pennsylvania connections as well. E some of the republican voteriz have talked to say that they like him but they dont think he stands a chance and, therefore, wont get his vote. Ot reporter john fritze, whats the state of play in maryland on both sides . Its similar. We have had most of the major candidates in. An i was at a trump rally on the Eastern Shore last night. Ted cruz announced his second visit. He was in the state in westernst maryland today. We have seenod a fair number of candidates. On the democratic side, both clinton and Bernie Sanders are onar the air statewide, so theye running advertising. You know, the polling is pretty similar to pennsylvania. N certainly clinton, in particular, has just a huge increase. A poll out today from monmouthmo has her up 25 points in maryland. Maryland is the kind of state s where clinton has tended to do well in, close primary, highig African American turnout. Rn so its really a state that will be good for her, i think, if the trends hold. On the republican side, trump has a pretty significant margin, too, but, again, somebody like kasich or cruz can potentiallyot come in and steal some delegates from these Congressional Districts in order to try to slow down trump as he tries to get to the magic number. Reporter john fritze of the Baltimore Sun kate langlel from harrisburg, pennsylvania, from the pittsburgh postgazette, thanks for being with us. Thanks. Thank you. Sreenivasan as the Candidates Campaign in pennsylvania, indiana and elsewhere, one of the issues resonating strongly this year is trade, and whether its helpingd or hurting, the American Economy and its workers. Its been a long time since trade policy played out this way in a campaign. This week our colleagues at npr have been looking more closelyn at these issues as part of an ongoing series of reports we are jointly doing about issues on the campaign trail. For more on how trade is playing out in the race for the white house, i am joined by thea lee, shes deputy chief of staff at the aflcio and an internationaa economist. And matthew slaughter dean of the tuck school at dartmouthof college. From 2005 to 2007 he served on the council of economic advisers to president george w. Bush. Thea lee, so why is this resinating so much right now . Young know, i think weve hia breaking point. P American Workers have really not benefited from a lot of changest in the economy over the last couple of decades. Ec weve seen really wages are essentially flat for more than four decades. So weve had a period of tremendous Economic Growth and technological innovation and globalization and yet American Workers are working harder than ever, more educated than ever,ve more people in each family are working and theyre not makingin ends meet. Et and trade has been a key contributing factor. Its not f the only factor. C it may not even be the largest factor but it is a key policy choice we have made and when we have a decision about a big trade agreement like the transpacific partnership, this focuses the interest, and i think we have seen the candidates take advantage of trade right now and workers are responding and its resinating. S sreenivasan matthew slaughter, any otherre reason to is catching on right now . I think thea is right that the American Workers, a lot of them sitting around the kitchen tables thinking about voting, they have not performed as well as they had in the past. Theyre concerned about their prospects. Theyre concerned about their children. And yet i think whats importanp to keep in mind is trade in particular and globalizationan more generally, they havee generated large games for america overall over the many decades. And with the rightde kind of policies going forward, more Global Engagement can help more American Families in the future as well. Sreenivasan this isnt what were hearing candidates say from either side of the aisle, thea. Th right, we have no major president ial candidate candidatm either party right now that aree supporting transpacific partnership, for example. And i think the reason is that the gains have actually been relatively small. And the distributional consequences have been large. Ue and on top of that, weve doubled down. And instead of comp saying the the losers taxing the winners to compensate the losers in some ways we done the opposite, cupt the tax rates for the wealthy, decimated the social safety net and gotten rid of education and training andtr infrastructure programs. Its almost as if we have transpired to make trade less successful in the u. S. Economy as it affects American Workers. We havent done what we needed n to do. We havent negotiated the right kind of trade agreements ands then we havent taken the stepss in the domestic economy tawould mitigate the distributionalal consequences and also make sureo that the United States was truly competitive in the Global Economy. Sreenivasan matthew slaughter, so how comey. The candidates arent singing the prailzs that you do of trade . T well, i think a lot of it has to do with politics is oftentimes very local. Its long been the case that International Trade and other Dynamic Forces in the u. S. Economy, like technological change, the benefits often accrue to many Different Companies and many different communities and workers in ways that arent always immediately visible. And yet, the forces of dynamic change like trade, the losses in those who dont directly benefit, are oftentimes quite concentrated and visible. Is so i think whats a little concerning in the current i political environment is its typically president s, in particular, who by definition d should be thinking about the aggailt economic wellbeing for america. We seem to have lost the narrative of the benefits that trade andfi globalization have generated for america. Me those benefits including things like aspertive innovation for companies. We have long known, for example, thatfo companies enganged in exporting tend to pay higher wages than companies elsewhere e in the u. S. Economy. No we need to remember in the current political conversation theli benefits that globalizatin has generated and good agreements like the t. P. P. , could generate more of in future. Thea is definitely right. R we need to think about ways to expand and strengthen the social safety net and i think the t. P. P. Is a positive stepte forward in that direction. Ir sreenivasan what about the idea it takes a long time to see some of the benefits . Well, it o takes we havenn seen the benefits and americanme work version not seen the benefits of trade agreements. Ag thats a basic fact. T. And in some ways i think matt has the story exactly wrong. W rather than benefits being widespread and the negative consequences concentrated in a few worker workers who lose the, overall in the economy workers are seeing stagnant and falling wages. And so, you know, even the cheaper prices that we get from imports and from trade has not offset the fact that our job market is not delivering those jobs. And trade has been a key part of that. We see it in communities. Mu workers feel it every day. Sreenivasan matthew, let me give youw, the last response here. So, it was well known that companies and their workers that are connected to the Global Economy through trade and international investment, the Academic Research is very clear. Those tend to be better jobs on a lot of dimensions that all voters in america care about. Bo i think the key question from a policy perspective is a, how do we have smart trade and investment agreements with the rest of the world that w allow more workers to be connect tone the opportunity of the Global Economy. And at the same time, design a stronger, more resil gent ofient, better funded social safety net so workers whether through trade or technological change, whatever Dynamic Forces who arent doing as well as they would like in the American Labor market, we provide more public support for those people to have better opportunities in the future. Ut sreenivasan all right r matthew slaughter, thea lee, l thank you very much. Sreenivasan nprs next story in the series a nation engaged can be heard on saturday nightni on all Things Considered with michel martin. Sreenivasan stay with us, coming up on the newshour fighting Climate Change by taxing pollution. And a roadmap for success in ama world of rapidlychanging technology. But first, president obama today held his Second Annual summital with saudi arabia and its Gulf Cooperation Council allies kuwait, bahrain qatar, oman and the united arab emirates. Em they discussed common interests and issues, but beneath the show of unity lies rising tensions between the u. S. And saudi arabia. Chief Foreign Affairs correspondent Margaret Warner has the story. O warner beneath the ornate chandeliers of riyadhs diriyah palace this morning, Saudi King Salman gave flicker of a smile, as president obama outlined steps the u. S. And gulf statesf were taking to deepen cooperation on regional and security challenges. But their two days of meetings came amidst new strains emerging in the decadeslong partnership between the two countries, first the fundamental bargain oil for guns. A reliable supply of saudi oil, in return for u. S. Military protection, and weaponry, for the kingdom. P but today shaleoilandgas rich america has less need of saudi oil. And with the region in turmoil, from conflicts in syria, iraq and yemen, Islamic State aggression, oil prices falling, and a rising iran, the original bargain is fraying. This is a relationship that saw its glory days in the 1980s, 1990s. Gl but since the al qaeda attacks on sept 11, 2001, a lot of mistrust has seeped into this relationship and this breech has yet to be overcome. Warner randa slim, an analyst at the middle east institute, says each country feels let down by the other. The g. C. C. Led by the saudis has not done enough in the figh against isis. One factor is that they consider the major fight for them is iran, and not necessarily isis. The saudis look at the obamama administration as being enthralled with iran and not willing to stand up to what they perceive to be subversive iranian activities in their backyard. Ir warner president obama sought to downplay those differences today a lot of the strain was always over blown during the course of our administration, the g. C. C. Countries have extensively cooperated with us on counterterrorism, against financing in terror activities, as part of the coutnerisil coalition. The saudis and americans do wori but the kingdom has a list of grievances that have shakenf their confidence chief among them the u. S. Didf nothing to save its longtime sunni partner, egyptian president hosni mubarak, from being toppled in the arab spring revolt. The fall of mubarak sent theb message to the saudis that the United States wont stand by autocrats when the people of the country are demanding change. It was a shock to the saudis. Warner former c. I. A. And National Security council official bruce riedel spent decades working in the middle east from the saudi standpoint, they immediately said, whatai about us . Ab are we going to go the same way . Warner then, last year, riyadh felt betrayed by the obama administrations nuclear deal with its shiite regional rival, iran. The saudis and the other gulf states are paranoid that the United States is going to shift sides, and were going to find a new friend in iran and dump them. Warner and lately, the kingdom is angry about legislation making its way through congress to let 9 11 victims families sue saudi arabia, home to 15 of the 19 hijackers. Washington has grievances too top on the list that saudi arabias focus on provoking its archrival iran, as it did when it beheaded a saudi shiite cleric in january, fuels sectarian tensions in the region. That makes it harder to unitees against americas number one foe the Islamic State. After joining the u. S. Led anti Isis Coalition in 2014, the saudis made bombing runs against the terrorist group in iraq and syria, but those have stopped. Instead, riyadh is using billions of dollars in u. S. Plane and weapons sales to fight a proxy war against iranian backed Houthi Rebels in yemen. The humanitarian casualties of this war have beenal catastrophic. Warner democratic senator chris murphy of connecticut, a member of the senate foreign, relations committee, hasmm introduced a bill to put conditions on u. S. Arms sales to the saudis, saying their use undercuts americas image and interests. Inside yemen this isnt a saudi bombing campaign. This is a u. S. Saudi bombing campaign. Warner because its done with american weaponry. W its done with american weaponry. I its done with american targeting. Its done with american refueling planes. Warner and he faults the saudis for letting isis and al qaeda expand in yemen. T we also know for a fact that the saudis have not been targeting either of those groups inside this civil war. Warner president obama expressed impatience with riyadhs rivalry with iran in a recent interview with the atlantic magazine, saying saudi leaders need to find an effective way to share the neighborhood and institute some sort of cold peace with iran. Not count on the u. S. To backk them in endless proxy wars. Saudi leaders made it clear that comment didnt sit well with them. Cl warner u. S. Saudi strains are most pronounced over handling the civil war in syria and its multiple players iranianbacked president bashar assad, the Islamic State and other terror groups, and westernbacked rebels. Ot saudi arabia has funded the training and equipping of anti assad rebels, but of late, not done much more to defeat isis. Saudi arabia does not believe this is going to be achieved without removing assad from power, and that is where the goals differ. M warner and then there is the greatest, but rarelyspokenof point of fricti the saudisau funding of sunni mosques and schools that spread their fundamentalist strain of islam, wahabbism, throughout the muslim world. If you want to look at the roots of al qaeda, if you want to look at the roots of isil, theres no way of denying that part of those roots run through the export of wahhabism from saudi arabia. As long as the saudi monarchy is inud power, no one predicts a breakup any time soon. For the pbs newshour, ime Margaret Warner. Sreenivasan Global Leaders will gather at the u. N. Tomorror to sign a landmark agreement aimed at limiting Climate Change, and its happening not coincidentally on earth day. But many observers say those actions will not be enough. In washington state, theres a battle over taking a big step, o and whether to approve the first tax on carbon in the u. S. Ar newshour economics correspondent paul solman has the story, parta of his weekly reporting, making sense, which airs here on thursdays. You might be an economist if you dont read Human Interest stories because they dont interest you. Reporter at seattles museum of flight a couple weeks ago, the annual climate night event. Headlining yoram bauman, the worlds first and only standup economist. You might be an economist if youve ever gone into a bank or other Financial Institution in the hopes of getting a date. If you adamantly refuse to sell your children because you think they will be worth more later. Ec reporter but these days baumans leading a dead seriousd fight to combat Climate Change in his home state of washington, by using a basic principle of economics. Which is that the way to get less pollution is to make polluting expensive. Because if you make pollution expensive you get market forcesr working to promote conservation, innovation, development of new technologies, all the things that i as an economist love about capitalism. Reporter and the way to make carbonbased greenhouse gass pollution more expensive, says bauman, is to tax it. So he founded a grassroots group, carbon washington, to put the issue to voters. Initiative 732, its going to be on the november ballot. I732 works by charging polluters with a carbon fee, which lowers pollution. And then the tax, the revenue that is created, will go to reducing other taxes in the state. Reporter making the carbon tax, starting at 25 per ton of co2, about 25 cents per gallonon of gasoline, revenue neutral. The revenue from the carbon tax goes to cut existing taxes. Most of it goes to cut the state sales tax by a full percentage point. Oe most households are going to paa a few hundred dollars a year more for fossil fuels and a few hundred dollars a year less for everything else. El reporter everyone will pay the carbon tax, says bauman; everyone gets the sales tax cut. But two groups get a bonus. One of those groups is manufacturers who are competing with businesses outside of the state. Reporter theyll get the state business tax eliminated. And low income households, whoow might be especially hurt by higher gas taxes, will get a tax rebate. Ec its going to provide up to 1,500 a year for 400,000 working families in washington state. And that is how we are going to do our part to save the world. Reporter so, is a revenue r neutral carbon tax how the worlr will eventually cope with Climate Change via economics . Or is it just another treeus huggers quixotic quest . Well, in washington, the fight has produced some odd alliances, although theres nothing surprising about businesssin opposition. Ian tolleson is a lobbyist for Food Processors in the pacific northwest. We heat things, we cut things, we wash and this is all for food safety. And that requires a lot of energy. Tax, tax, tax, all through the supply chain. And what that does, our products are now more expensive on the shelf, and how can we compete with those producers that would not have this tax . Reporter we met up with tolleson at seattles pike place market, which features, among other attractions, the worlds presumably first and only hula hooping, guitaronching, balancing troubadour. But isnt tolleson at all worried about Global Warming . I am sitting here sweating in seattle in april. Im not saying that proves Climate Change but it certainlye suggests something is going on. I wont disagree with you that climate is changing, but this is a global phenomenon that needs a global solution. Is it fair to put on the back of washington employers and families . Reporter moreover, says tolleson. We already have the fourth cleanest economy in the whole United States. Reporter case in point thee harvester just around theju corner. It turns food waste into organic liquid fertilizer. Reporter pike places emily crawford. We have 20 different vendors putting their food scraps into the harvester, which can procesn more than 4,000 pounds of food scraps every day. Which the e. P. A. Has shown is one of the biggest causes for Carbon Emissions in the uniteded states, is food waste. Reporter siding against the carbon tax and with big business, its usual adversary, the unions, though state Labor Council president jeff johnson says he too is an ardent environmentalist. During the winter we have been struck with repeated floods and mudslides, in the summer wes have droughts and forest fires. Our shellfish industry has left the state and gone to hawaii because the acid levels in the ocean has risen so much. Reporter but doesnt that mean that you should embrace anything that would help Climate Change and counteract it . No it doesnt, particularly if you embrace a measure thats actually going to send us down the wrong path. Weve got an Energy Intensive company, Kaiser Aluminum out in spokane, eastern part of our state. Its the most efficient aluminum rolling mill in the world, right . With just a carbon price they become less competitive with aluminum makers in other parts of the states, in other parts of the world. O reporter and thats the key issue for a labor leader right, youre always trying to protect jobs . U im trying to protect jobs of the individuals but also the revenues of the community in spokane and were trying to keeo the most, the worlds most efficient aluminum producer in our state rather than them moving or shutting down. Reporter what does that shirt say . Got green, we are a Community Based organization in South Seattle led by people of color. Reporter business and labor are strange enough bedfellows. But why is environmental organizer Jill Mangaliman opposing the carbon tax . This is a great opportunityt for us actually put Something Back into the communities whoun are, who have been strugglingtr for so long, historically. Without any kind of targeted revenue, business can continue as usual and thats not what we want. Reporter instead of revenue neutral, mangaliman wants revenue targeted to groups like got green and the economically stressed constituents they serve. So a curious coalition is con. But look whos popping up pro . Youre a conservative policy guy, how come youre in favor of a carbon tax . Anything that moves environmental policy away from regulation, which is very highe cost and ineffective toward a personal incentive which is more effective, is a good thing. Reporter todd myers, a right winger pushing the revenue neutral carbon initiative. It provides an incentive to be more efficient, to have lesse impact on the environment but at the same time, doesnt increase taxes, doesnt waste money on regulation. Reporter by contrast, fellow supporter Jason Puracal is a man of the left. Or what was it like to spend two years in prison in nicaragua . Well it was horrific conditions thats for sure. Reporter now safe in seattle with his family, puracal is an environmental activist, imprisoned in nicaragua in 2010 on trumped up charges, laterar dropped. My family had to launch an International Campaign to save my life and ultimately succeeded with the support of thousands of people from around the world. That case, basically inspired how do we do change at a greater level, at a policy level. Reporter you mean, youran wrongful imprisonment in nicaragua has impelled you to join this revenue neutral Carbon Tax Initiative . Yes, its great to put a price on carbon and try to movev us away from fossil fuels, but how do we do so in a way thatss equitable for all and that reporter so the lower sales tax will offset higher gas costs, with an annual rebate further softening the blow for low income families. Re but if people stop using carbon, make a drastic change. Which is the intention. H reporter right, then there will be less revenue. At some point in the future,e yes there will have to be some renegotiations on where that revenue comes from. If we are able to transition off of fossil fuels altogether, which would be a great problem to have. Reporter for the moment, though, seattle is experiencing midsummer days in early spring; the fish are jumping; some locals are high. And the carbon tax is polling 44 for, 46 against with seven months to go. For the pbs newshour, this is economics correspondent paul solman, reporting from balmy seattle. Or sreenivasan now, how to make your way through the future world of ever rapidly changing technology. F thats the theme of the newest addition to the pbs bookshelf. Judy woodruff has that. Woodruff back in 1985 when steve case cofounded america online, only three percent of americans were actually online. Fast forward some 30 years and we can see the Global Change brought about by the internet and an ever growing array ofof devices and social media. So what is next . Well, we get a glimpse from steve case himself he is the author of a new book, the third wave an entrepreneurs vision of the future. Steve case it is good to see you. Good to see you again. Woodruff so you borrow thatt term, the third wave from the futurist alvin toffler. Yeah, in college in the 1980s i read tofflers third wave and completely mesmerized me ans inspired me and lasted almost four decades the ideas he talking about the book and reading and talking about myut experiences. And i help others to similarly be inspired by my book and the future and the path forward once again is going to change from the past two waves. Woodruff kind of a thumbnai the first wave was the creation of the internet which you were involved in. Second wave was building on that, social media devices youes describe. What is the next wave . Ve really integrate the internet seamlessly throughout our lives. There is a lot of things that havent changed that much in the first wave or the second wave. How we learn, how our kids k learn, how we stay healthy about the same. How we manage energy is about the same. Even how we think about food is about the same. And work itself is starting to change in the third wave in the freelance economy. Some call the gig economy. And it gives a port for everybody not just Business People or technologists to understand what is happening next and that is what i try tot lay out in this book. It was a little bit of a road map for a play book for how you can think about organizing your career and your life. And how you think about your kids and your grandkids and what world they are going to be inheriting. Ha woodruff you write a lot you write about your experiences even before a. O. L. Bumpy in the beginning, then very high, and then there wasig the ride down, and on to what you are doing now. What are the lessons of that experience for the future . Well, i think revolutions often happen in revolutionary ways. T a. O. L. Was a ten years in the making overnight success we really were at it for a long time before we finally broke when we merged with time warner of lost some of our way. And i try to lay out in the book is a frame work for what we think is happening next afterte you focus with the right people. Entrepreneurship is really a team sport you dont have they right people working on projecth in a collaborative way you cant get a lot of traction. F woodruff what were some of the mistakes you made . Well early on i thought it would happen faster frankly. I really did believe in the ide of the internet when it was i still pretty nascent. And i really thought everyone would understand that, and it really took us more than a decade to get traction. Later on as we got bigger wer went from dozens of people to hundreds of people to then afteo the merger thousands of people. Woodruff full disclosure i was working at cnn then. And i know the people affected by that. Kn basically has it got bigger it was the culture change and some of the different people and their priorities kind of changed. Ultimately, my take away from that was vision without execution was hallucination. At having an idea is important buti being about to execute that idea is more important and it ultimately comes down to people and trust and getting people to work in a collaborative way. Woodruff give us a betterdoe sense of what you mean by they internet of everything . Because right people think of the internet as the device they carry around in their hand or that Youtube Video or some participating in social media. But youre saying it is going to be embedded in the way we live. In our education, our healthcare, in everything. The third wave is about integrating that and much more seeing it in those kind of ways, its kind of a more invisibleit internet, and people do talk about the internet of things which are devices sensors to track health and energy and things like that. And that will be part of it, but as this really cuts across all t parts of our life, as it cuts across all industries in the economy it is going to be much bigger than the internet of things which is why i sort ofhi talk about it as the internet oi everything. Woodruff how are we changing as people do you think because of the internet . Drpl and as you really think about how you are going to learn differently, how are your kids noing to learn differently. D not everyone learns the sameto way, we kind of teach them theth same way, more personalize and adapted approaches to learning is going to be part of that and health. We. There are different ways to stay healthy, different wayse treat a man with chronic disease. S different way to deal with life threatening diseases. Right now it is a little bit too one size fits all. T gh the third wave gives you more and then the second wave, i actually think the third was is going to be the most striking in terms of really impact on peoples lives impact on society really a lot of the impact on business. Woodruff and you see maintaining the human componentg in that, you see people that ar still going to have humanl relationships, that they are still going to have time for each other as well as their i think maybe more so in the third wave because some of the things like education. Nkus it could be a more personalal experience around learning around your interest and your best way to learn. The third wave is not just Silicon Valley or new york city, but it is starting to happen all across the country with young rppact on interpreters that want to build businesses not just about profit, but based on purpose. We want to focus on creating jobs so there is this passion f about taking it to the next level. Th i am very excited and very optimistic about that future. E woodruff last question is everybody going to be able to participate in this, or is ite going to be the haves that got all the technology and those that are left behind . Is it going to be much slower to realize . L well when we started a few years ago, everyone was disconnected and when we started the concern grew, the internet grew about the digital divide. Ou and we wanted to make surewe everybody is connected and that is going to be the challenge ina the third wave as well but some of that is also democratizing access to entrepreneurship. Ip so anybody with an idea has a i shot, because right now unless you are in Silicon Valley and trying to go to a school and you are a white guy you typically dont have the same opportunity as if you take that idea you take an opportunity to scale itp and it will help level it and i think it will level that playing field. Different kinds of entrepreneurs with different kinds of ideas challenging the status quo saying there is a better way and using the third wave as a paradigm to think about the future. Eeuin woodruff steve case, stillsa pal thinking about the future. The book is the third wave an entrepreneurs vision of the future. Thank you very much for coming in. Sreenivasan finally tonight we want to leave you once more with prince at his best. During his 2004 induction into the rock and roll hall of fame, prince played a guitar solo during a rendition of while my guitar gently weeps, alongsidee tom petty and Steve Winwood, part of a tribute to the beatles george harrison. On his passing the museum said of prince, he rewrote the rules, taking the traditions of funk, soul, hard rock and dancen to forge his own sound. Still my guitar gently weeps sreenivasan and thats the newshour for tonight. Im hari sreenivasan. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Tin wids major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by m moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. Fathom travel. The lemelson foundation. Committed to improving lives through invention. In the u. S. And developing countries. On the web at lemelson. Org. Foteo th and with the ongoing support of these institutionsnd this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. Bl and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Fr captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned bypt Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org purple rain purple rain. This is nightly Business Report with Tyler Mathisen and sue herera. Tech tankers. Two of the Biggest Technology names turn in disappointing results and investors react sharply. We have the details on two stocks that are probably in your portfolio or mutual funds. Rental return. Why the rental counter is no longer the top choice of business travellers. State of pain. How low oil prices are hurting many local economies and how theyre fighting pack. Tonight we take you to one of the biggest oil states of them all, alaska. All that and more tonight on nignightly business for thursday, good evening and welcome. Two of the most widely held, if not the most widely held, stocks microsoft and