And by bnsf railway. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Carnegie corporation of new york. A foundation created to do what Andrew Carnegie called real and permanent good. Celebrating 100 years of philanthropy at carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Ifill republican paul ryan became the 54th speaker of the house of representatives today. Hes 45, and was the partys Vice President ial nominee in 2012. Now, he faces perhaps his biggest test yet. Mr. Speaker, the speakerelect, paul d. Ryan of wisconsin. Ifill the bipartisan cheers, handshakes and hugs all made clear the new speaker is popular with republicans and democrats. And, after taking the gavel from democratic leader nancy pelosi, ryan called for healing. The house is broken. Were not solving problems. Were adding to them. And i am not interested in laying blame. We are not settling scores. We are wiping the slate clean. Ifill that drew a standing ovation, and ryan went on, pledging more transparency, something rebellious conservatives in his own party and democrats alike have demanded. We need to let every member contribute, not once theyve earned their stripes, but now. Let people participate and they might change their mind. A neglected minority will gum up the works. A respected minority will work in good faith. Ifill the nineterm veteran, who until today chaired the taxwriting ways and means panel, said he wants committees to take the lead in drafting all major legislation. Ryan ultimately agreed to run after demanding unified party backing. Today, he came close, winning 236 of the 245 republican votes cast. The nine opposing him were conservatives who had helped force out speaker john boehner. Today, boehner bade his own teary farewell, claiming credit for ending earmarks and passing a final twoyear budget. His last day in congress is saturday. I leave with no regrets, no burdens. If anything, i leave the way i started, just a regular guy, humbled by the chance to do a big job. Thats what im most proud of. Im still just me. Real change takes time. Yes, freedom makes all things possible. But patience is what makes all things real. So believe in the long, slow struggle. Believe in this countrys ability to meet her challenges and to lead the world. Ifill later, the quartercentury congressman listened as pelosi and ryan saluted his service, and then, he slipped out the back of the chamber. Ifill ryans first major challenge will be passing spending bills to flesh out the twoyear budget deal that passed the house yesterday. The deadline is early december. Woodruff the commanders of the u. S. And chinese navies met facetoface today Via Video Conference on tensions in the south china sea. U. S. Officials said they agreed to follow existing protocols to avoid clashes. On tuesday, a u. S. Warship sailed within 12 nautical miles of a chinesebuilt island in a disputed area. The u. S. Maintains the area is international waters. China warned today against any repeat. Ifill in vienna, austria, talks on the war in syria are getting under way, with uncertain prospects. Secretary of state john kerry joined envoys from nearly 20 nations today, including, for the first time, a representative from iran. Rebel groups were not invited. Meanwhile, a syrian Human Rights Group reported russian air strikes have killed 600, nearly a third of them, civilians. But in moscow, the Russian Foreign ministry rejected that claim. translated i want to stress that such insinuations, whoever they are coming from and whoever shares them, they have nothing to do with reality. We see them as a part of that Propaganda Campaign to distort Russian Military actions in comparison to what we can honestly call failed efforts of the u. S. Led antiIslamic State coalition. Ifill the russians say their strikes are targeting Islamic State and other jihadist groups. The u. S. Says, in fact, the targets have mostly been rebels fighting the assad government. Woodruff Israeli Forces shot and killed two palestinians today in the west bank city of hebron. The israelis said both tried to stab soldiers. The incidents led to clashes in hebron between palestinian youths and Israeli Forces. It was another sign that a surge of violence in jerusalem is now spreading. Ifill a u. N. Committee on International Aviation standards has rejected a ban on shipping rechargeable batteries on passenger planes. Thats despite evidence theyre a fire hazard. It was widely reported today that the committee voted eleven toseven against a ban. The u. S. , along with pilots and plane manufacturers, favored the prohibition, the Battery Industry argued against it. Woodruff in economic news, Deutsche Bank announced big cuts to its work force, eliminating 35,000 jobs, mostly by selling some of its businesses. That follows heavy losses in the third quarter. Germanys largest lender has had to pay heavy fines and legal settlements over rigging a benchmark interest rate. Ifill and u. S. Growth hit the skids in the third quarter. It came in at 1. 5 , less than half the number for the second quarter. That didnt do much for the mood on wall street. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 23 points to close below 17,756. The nasdaq fell 21 points, and the s p 500 slipped a point. Still to come on the newshour china reverses its onechild policy. True or false. We fact check the republican debate. The search for migrant survivors off the coast of greece. And much more. Woodruff now to a massive shift in china. Earlier today, its Ruling Communist Party announced a turn from its more than threedecades old restriction on the number of children couples can have. Lucy watson of independent Television News reports from beijing. Reporter chinas onechild policy is changing, and the end of its brutal intrusion into family life. Couples will now be allowed two children. For more than 35 years, the onechild rule has been enforced by punishing families. translated when they fired me for having a second baby, we were almost too poor to feed ourselves. We were beaten up for campaigning for my daughters life. But nobody would listen to us. Reporter this couple dared to have two daughters, two sisters eight years apart. One exists according to chinese law, the other does not, just because she came second. translated i was born in china. Im chinese. But i have no rights. I couldnt go to school. I cant travel. I cant see a doctor. Nothing in my life works. Reporter it was in 1979 that the legislation was introduced by Deng Xiaoping to avoid stifling Economic Growth. Now a different demographic crisis looms. translated a labor shortage and a rapidly aging population caused by the policy undermine Economic Growth. Its not always good if the birthrate stays low. We need a more balanced model. Reporter it could be too little too late in a country where the right to have and raise a child are still being manipulated. Woodruff joining me now to discuss the change is mei fong, a pulitzer prizewinning journalist with over a decade of experience covering asia. Shes the author of the upcoming book, one child the story of chinas most radical experiment. Mei fong, welcome to the program. So just how significant a shift in policy is this for chinas communist leadership . Well, your segment mentioned too little too late, and thats really kind of what it is. For the past 15 years now, a lot of experts of demographics, economists have been asking for this change to happen. Theyve all warned of the aging tsunami thats going to happen. Theyve warned of the gender imbalances. But the Chinese Government has been very, very slow to change it, so actually the question is not why it happened now but why has it taken so long to happen. Woodruff why do you think they decided now . We heard some of the reasons there, but what do you think has led them to do this now . Its a crisis thats affecting the Economic Growth of the future. Right now there are about five working adults to support one retiree in china. Thats a pretty good raisch york but in 20 years time, thats going to be 1. 6 working adults to oneledly retiree. Thats a huge difference. And theres not going to be enough people to pay in for the pension imbalances and support an aging population that if it were its own country would be the Third Largest country in the world after china and india. Woodruff how representative, mei fong, is the story we just saw of that family . They had two daughters. One daughter is basically a nonperson. They call them black children because they dont exist. Theyre not people. Its estimated there are 13 to 15 million of these children, but not necessarily children. Some of them are adults. But for all intents and purposes they just dont exist in china. They cant register to buy a house. They cant go to school. That girl that she interviewed, i spoke to her. She is 20 years old. Shes in never been to school. She cant get so much as a library card because she has no registration rights. Woodruff will the government now make some sort of attempt to redress that because theyre changing the policy . It will be very difficult because one of the big issues that they fear is places like beijing and shanghai, beijing and shanghai already have 18 to 20 Million People, residents. They are very afraid of changing the household registration to enable everybody to have those rights because they fear the flood of people and there wont be enough resources to service 20 Million People in the city. So its going to be very thorny. A lot of people have actually been suing to have these rights. This girl, for example, she has been spending the last three to four years trying to sue the government to give her those right, which legally shes entitled to but shes still not able to get it. Woodruff what difference is it thought this is going to make in chinas. In the decisions families make. Is it thought that many families will now decide to have a second child . Its doubtful. Heres the thing, every country thats tried to put in place population control found it much more easier to turn off the baby tap, but when it comes time to turn on the baby tap, theres been virtually no country thats been able to succeed. Singapore, for example, which china has emulated for many things, singapore tried to do Something Like this with a much less onerous kind of population planning policy, and now singapore is saying, please, please, have more children, and the singaporean women dont and cant and wont, and i think china will face similar problems. You know, a couple years ago, they loosened the policy a little bit, but they found the takeup amongst people eligible to have a second child was very, very low. I think this will be more of the same. Woodruff well, we will certainly see. Mei fong, who is coming out with a new book, chinas onechild policy. We thank you. Thank you. ni ifill republican candidates took to the debate stage for the third time last night, this time in boulder, colorado. And by the time they were done, the chess pieces had shifted once again. Ifill the face off, on cnbc, was expected to focus on the economy, and for a time, it did. Im not worried about my finances, im worried about the finances of Everyday Americans who today are struggling in an economy that is not producing good paying jobs while Everything Else costs more. Were reducing taxes to 15 . Were bringing corporate taxes down, bringing money back in, corporate inversions. Big government favors the big, the powerful, the wealthy and the wellconnected, and crushes the small and the powerless. Ifill but with ten republicans crowded on stage four others debated separately it quickly became clear each was looking for a breakout moment. For floridians, jeb bush and marco rubio, it came when the former Florida Governor criticized rubio for skipping senate votes to campaign. Marco, when you signed up for this, this was a sixyear term, and you should be showing up to work. I mean, literally, the senate what is it, like a french work week . You can campaign, or just resign and let someone else take the job. Someone has convinced you that attacking me is going to help you. Well, ive been heres the bottom line. applause my campaign is going to be about the future of america, its not going to be about attacking anyone else on this stage. Ifill new Jersey Governor Chris Christie also took jabs at the now lagging bush after hed answered a question about regulating fantasy football. Are we really talking about getting government involved in fantasy football . laughter we have wait a second, we have 19 trillion in debt. We have people out of work. We have isis and al qaeda attacking us. And were talking about fantasy football . Can we stop . Ifill Ohio Governor john kasich lashed out at frontrunners trump and ben carson, suggesting neither is serious enough to be president. Were just gonna have a 10 tithe and thats how were gonna fund the government . And were going to just fix everything with waste, fraud, and abuse . Or that were just going to be great . Or were going to ship ten million americans or ten Million People out of this country, leaving their children here in this country and dividing families . Folks, weve got to wake up. We cannot elect somebody that doesnt know how to do the job. He said, oh, im never going to attack. But then his poll numbers tanked. He has got that is why he is on the end. Ifill a running theme candidates who came prepared to question the questioners. The questions that have been asked so far in this debate illustrate why the American People dont trust the media. applause this is not a cage match. How about talking about the substantive issues the people care about . I know the democrats have the ultimate superpac. Its called the Mainstream Media who every single day. John, do you want me to answer or do you want to answer . laughter how are we going to do this . applause because, ive got to tell you the truth, even in new jersey what youre doing is called rude. Ifill now, we take a deeper look at some of the candidates claims last night, from medical supplements, to gender and jobs, to spotty voting records. For that, we are joined by angie holan, editor of politifact, an independent factchecking journalism website and a division of the tampa bay times. Angie, i want the plunge right in by talking first about dr. Ben carson, who is currently in many polls leading the race. He was asked about his connection to a Nutritional Supplement company and this is what he said. Theres a company thats a maker of Nutritional Supplements with which you had a tenyear relationship. They offered claims that they could cure autism, cancer, they paid 7 million to settle a deceptive marketing lawsuit in texas, and yet your involvement continues. Why . Well, thats easy to answer i didnt have an involvement with them. Thats total propaganda, and this is what happens in our society. Total propaganda. I did a couple of speeches for them. I do speeches for other people. They were paid speeches. It is absolutely absurd to say that i have any kind of a relationship with them. Ifill ben carson says thats total prop gann darks that question, angie. True, false or something in between . Well, at politifact we rated this false. He said he had no involvement. Well he said some paid speeches. We found the paid speeches. Also he appeared in videos that the Company Created to promote their products. Now, the companys controversial because in 2009 they settled a lawsuit about false claims, basically claims that their supplement could cure cancer. They settled that. Now, whatever you think of the supplements, the company seemed to see carson as someone who promoted them. They featured him on their web site. They created these videos. Ifill he takes the product himself, he says. Yes, he does, and speaks very highly of the product. And the company only took down these videos when the wall street journal started reporting about it and asking questions. So overall the claim that he didnt have an involvement with the company is false. Ifill lets go to one of the other maey claims made last night. One is from carly fiorina, the former head of h. P. Who doesnt miss an opportunity to go after Hillary Clinton on gender issues. Lets listen to this. It is the height of hypocrisy for mrs. Clinton to talk about being the first woman president when every single policy she espouses and every single policy of president obama has been demonstrably bad for women. 92 , 92 of the jobs lost during john Barack Obamas first term belonged to women. Eiffel tiefl key number is that 92 . What is actually true, angie . This is a funny claim because weve heard it before in 2012 it was a talking point that mitt romney would use and the Republican National committee. Back then it was questionable. We rated it mostly false. But back then we also didnt have all the numbers yet for obamas first term. Now we do. What we found when we looked into the research was that there were a lot of job gains in 2012. The trend that romney identified actually reversed itself. So there were job gains for women during obamas first term, just over 400,000