Ecigarettes promise smokers a nicotine fix with less risk, but how harmless are they . If you think that youre picking these up because theyre glamorous and that youre not gonna have any downstream or longterm effects as a result of this, i think you kidding yourself. Ifill those are some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by at lincoln financial, we believe that you are the boss of your life. The chief life officer. In charge of providing for loved ones. Growing your nest egg. And protecting what matters the most. Lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. Life, income, retirement, group benefits, and advice. Lincoln financial. Youre in charge. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions and. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the mayor of baltimore asked the Justice Department today to investigate the citys police department. That follows the death in custody of a young black man, freddie gray. Mayor stephanie rawlingsblake said a federal review would show if the gray case is part of a larger pattern of police bias and excessive force. I have systematically put in place reforms for this department and its clear that more needs to be done. I will make sure that whatever they find we need to do to repair the relationship with the community and have a department that our citizens deserve, im determine to get that done. Woodruff also today, Maryland Governor larry hogan formally lifted the state of emergency imposed in baltimore after riots broke out. Thousands of National Guard troops and state police have already left the city. Ifill israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu reached a lastminute deal today to form a new Coalition Government. It came less than an hour before the deadline. The agreement with a nationalist party gives netanyahu a bare majority in parliament 61 of 120 seats. His coalition will be dominated by hardline and religious factions. Woodruff in yemen, shiite rebels seized more of aden, sending hundreds of people fleeing the port city. At least 40 died when a shell hit their boat. Civilians have left in droves in recent days as the combat escalates. Aid workers report growing shortages of food, fuel and medicine. Many of the refugees have fled to djibouti, where secretary of state john kerry visited today. We have urged all sides anybody involved, to comply with humanitarian law and to take every precaution to keep civilians out of the line of fire, out of harms way, as well as to provide the opportunity for humanitarian assistance to be able to be delivered. Woodruff later, kerry arrived in saudi arabia to urge a pause in the fighting. A Saudi Coalition has been bombing the rebels in yemen for a month and a half. Ifill about 10,000 families have fled their homes in northeastern afghanistan, to escape a taliban offensive. A major battle is brewing in kunduz city, where militants and Government Forces have been in a standoff for the past week. Woodruff also in afghanistan, four men were sentenced today to be hanged, in the mob killing of a young woman in kabul. She was falsely accused of burning a quran and was beaten and thrown off a roof. Her body was ultimately set on fire. A total of 49 suspects went on trial. Eight were sentenced to 16 years in prison. But the judge dropped charges against 18 others, citing lack of evidence. Ifill a chilling new disclosure today in that march Airline Disaster in france. Investigators now say the german pilot had practiced flying into a mountainside. Tom clarke of independent television news, reports. Reporter we will never know exactly when Andreas Lubitz decided to crash Germanwings Flight 4525. But today, compelling evidence emerged that he rehearsed the descent that later killed 150 people including himself. Using details from the planes charred and mangled flight and voice data recorders, investigators have reconstructed lubitzs actions on the earlier, outbound flight from dusseldorf to barcelona. Just before 7 20, the captain left the cockpit. Lubitz, now in control, put the plane into a planned descent. But seconds later, he set the aircraft to dive to 100 feet before swiftly correcting the settings. During the next few minutes, he instructed the plan to plunge four more times. Then, less than five minutes after he left, the captain knocked to reenter. Lubitz reset the controls to the correct altitude. translated the captain didnt know because the copilots test during the outgoing flight happened during a normal, preprogrammed descent and it didnt have any effect on the planes trajectory. Reporter the report also reveals that lubitz ignored 11 radio calls from air Traffic Controllers and three from French Air Defense forces. The investigation will now focus on how a mentally unstable man came to be in control of a passenger plan. And how a line between passenger safety and medical confidentiality can be redrawn. Woodruff back in this country, another oil train derailed and burned today, this time in north dakota. It happened near the Tiny Community of heimdal, forcing the 20 people who live there to leave. 10 tanker cars on the b. N. S. F. Train caught fire, blanketing the scene in thick smoke. No one was hurt, and there was no immediate word on the cause. For the record, b. N. S. F. Railway is an underwriter of the newshour. Ifill global concentrations of Carbon Dioxide have reached levels not seen for two million years. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said today the Monthly Average crossed that line in march. It also said concentrations of the heattrapping gas are rising at a record pace. Woodruff the federal government says reports of Sexual Assault on u. S. College campuses nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013, to almost 6,100. The department of education released the numbers, but clarified its not that assaults are increasing, but that more people are willing to report them. Officials credit enforcement efforts and improved public awareness. Ifill a Bipartisan Group of senators called today for an independent review of the department of veterans affairs. They said the number of backlogged claims for pensions and disability has decreased, but not by enough. Republican dean heller of nevada said theyre concerned that mismanagement discovered at the v. A. s Regional Office in philadelphia might be systemic. We have reason to believe and i think it has been reported in the past that some numbers have been manipulated as far as these claims are concerned, you know change the dates and so on. We want to get to the bottom of those issues. Ifill the senators want the Government Accountability office to investigate all 56 of the v. A. s Regional Offices. Woodruff a former speaker of the u. S. House of representatives, jim wright, has died. The Texas Democrat passed away early today at a nursing home in fort worth. Wright represented that area for 34 years, beginning in 1954. But in 1989, he became the first speaker to be forced to resign, after violating rules on reporting and accepting gifts. Jim wright was 92 years old. Ifill on wall street today stocks fell on news that hiring dropped sharply last month and on a comment by Federal Reserve chair janet yellen that stock valuations are quite high. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost nearly 90 points to close below 17,850. The nasdaq fell nearly 20 points, and the s p 500 slipped nine. Woodruff and, in a finding sure to trigger endless debate, a british Study Concludes hip hop has had the most profound effect on pop music in the last half century. Researchers analyzed roughly 17,000 songs from 1960 through 2010. They say hiphops influence on chord patterns and instrumentation was even greater than the british invasion of the 1960s. Woodruff still to come on the newshour california resorts to tougher limits to cope with a historic drought. A preview of elections in the United Kingdom. Probable cause found that the new England Patriots deflated footballs. Starbucks offers employees access to a College Education without massive debt. The Health Hazards of Electronic Cigarettes as more americans trade tobacco for vapor. And, how the illegal ivory trade is closer to home than Many Americans might think. Ifill droughtstricken california has been working to reduce water use which by getting residents and businesses to agree to voluntary restrictions. So far its not working and now the state water board has passed emergency rules to slash usage by 25 in urban areas, the first time such limits have been made mandatory with penalties attached. The new rules can require cities and towns to cut water use by as little as 8 to as much as 36 . The chair of the california state water board joins me from sacramento, Felicia Marcus. What has been achieved since Governor Brown came out with the voluntary restrictions . We had voluntary restrictions, then mild mandatory orders to our local water agencies and on average californians did step up and saved around 9 which is significant, just not enough in the face of another dry year were in. Ifill what areas of the state have been hardest hit . Agriculture in Rural California have been hit the hardest through the course of this drought. We have hundreds of thousands of acres of soured fields, hundreds of thousands of people out of work. Communities are running out of water and were delivering water in tankers and drilling wells and running pipe. Were taking this action to give our large urban Community Extra resilience in what we know is an unprecedented drought in our lifetime, our grandparents lifetime but certainly not in history and the other countries. The australian experience in the 2000s when they thought they were in the usual threeyear drought cycle, theirs lasted ten, 12, 15 years, depending where you are. Their advice conserve early. Dont wait as long as we did. Ifill is the cause agricultures demands, businesses demands or individuals, we think of car washing and lawn watering . I think its more complex than that. I think were in a drought of unprecedented proportions. I wouldnt want to cast blame were in uncharted territory and we have to adapt as we go. We have a lot of opportunities to adapt with conservation being the cheapest and smartest and fastest way to extend water resource, but particularly in the city all kinds of ricycling and storm water capturing and desalination but those take time to get off the ground so this will buy us time so we dont have to go to harsh or more expensive measurers like our friends in australia or saaao paulo are doing now where they have to just turn the water off for hours at a time because theyre so low in reserves. Ifill with these new rules, what is the penalty for not complying . Say people just say ill water my lawn at night or ill do something snells. Well, i think there are penalties and i want to avoid that but generally folks step up when things are mandatory regulations. We know voluntary gets you so much, regulations get you so much, there are a number of tools local agencies can use. Public communication and Community Spirit does a lot and regulations help because Everybody Knows everybody is playing in the same ball field and everybody is expected to come up to the same norms. Frankly, a lot of the bus communication and bus programs with the greatest results where communities have stepped up and engaged the public, explained why they need to do it and giving people a sense of what their neighbors are doing even goings so far as to threaten fines but allowing people to go to Water Conservation school like santa trues and they have had tremendous response from that and theyre the lowest gallons per capita in the state and still have a vibrant community including landscapes. Ifill assuming every community isnt as forwardthinking as that isnt a hammer about does a hammer about to fall on you make you act with more alacrity . If there are fines and whistleblowers, wouldnt that make people step up to the bat to use the baseball metaphor . Absolutely. It is a piece in the continuum just not the only piece. I think there are fines in the background. We early on in our early regularslation Gave Authority to locals up to 500 to implement the prohibitions we enacted in the last nine months not watering hosing down your driveway when a broom would do, not having ornamental fountains without a circulating pump if they use potele water. Hotels having to offer customers not having their sheets and towels washed every night and restaurants asking if someone wants water. Theyre common sense but they help build Community Awareness and spirit. The governor met with mayors last week where he will propose legislation to give local agencies more Enforcement Authority and local enforcement tools, not all of them have alike, south an important piece but is part of a continuum that starts with and cant substitute with good communication on the part of the water agencies with the customers. Ifill Felicia Marcus state Water Resources control board, thank you. Thank you so much for taking the time. Woodruff across the pond in the United Kingdom, election day is just hours away. Hari sreenivasan reports on a race thats too close to call. And one that could determine the u. K. s future as a member of the european union. Sreenivasan its the coveted front door british political leaders are vying for 10 downing street, home of the Prime Minister. Keep fighting, weve got to go for it. Sreenivasan whether conservative David Cameron will go on living there after tomorrows election, and which party will control the house of commons, is anyones guess. But in the final flurry of campaigning on this election eve, it was clear theres deep discontent, and deep division among voters. Well, the conservatives are making a reasonable job of sorting out the mess that labour got us in, but they could do a bit more to help the ordinary working people im afraid like most people i have decided that westminster needs a complete clean up, its not working for the people, its working for the bankers and the very rich. Sreenivasan the Short Campaign season kicked off in april, with all 650 seats in the commons up for grabs, and predictions of a deadlock, or hung parliament, come friday. In order to govern by itself, a party needs an outright majority of 326 seats. But opinion polls suggest neither of the two largest parties, conservative and labour, will get there on their own. David camerons tories have blamed britains troubles on the Labour Government that preceded them. I feel like the fireman. I feel like the firefighter hosing down the burning building and theres ed miliband the arsonist, the guy who lit the building on fire and saying lets do things a bit faster, you ought to be doing a bit more. Sreenivasan and labor leader miliband has answered in kind. I am going to fight every step of the way for a britain that can do so much better than it can with David Cameron. Now my opponents might want to Start Talking about the outcome of an election that hasnt happened; i am going to focus on getting the right outcome of that election for the working people of our country. Sreenivasan but its almost a given that the outcome will mean forming a coalition that includes smaller parties. The liberal democrats, led by deputy minister nick clegg, are one of those parties. In the last government they joined a coalition with the conservatives, but this time around, theyre not tipping their hand. We now need to await the judgement of the british people about what they prefer, do they prefer the stability the liberal democrats offer or the shambles and chaos of a lurch to the right or left. Sreenivasan the lurch to the right refers to growing support for ukip, or the United Kingdom independence party. Led by nigel farage, its Main Objective is to leave the european union. We want to be Good Neighbors with our european friends, but we desperately seek a referendum so that we can set this country free from political union. Sreenivasan on the left, the Scottish Nationalist party. Under 44year old nicola sturgeon, the s. N. P. Is riding a wave of progressive enthusiasm after last years failed independence vote. A vote for this s. N. P. Manifesto on may 7 will make scotlands v