delivery. >> it used to be that waiting seven or ten days was fine. increasingly people's expectations they will get pastor and free delivery. >> woodruff: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> at lincoln financial, we believe you're in charge. you're the chief life officer and this is your annual shareholder's meeting. you're overseeing presentations on research and development, and welcoming new mbers of the team. you're in charge of it all. lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. life, income, retirement, group benefits and advice. lincoln financial. you're in charge. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there were new demands for change today after the videotaped killing of a black man by a white policeman in south carolina. north charleston officer michael slager fired eight times at walter scott, as he ran away. slager is now charged with murder, and the n.a.a.c.p. called today for a federal investigation of the entire police force. >> when an officer at 9:30 in the morning on a saturday, feels comfortable enough in open space to fire and execute another citizen, and then boldly tamper with the evidence, that tells you there's a culture here that it's all right. nobody prior to me has ever been charged, so i probably won't be either. >> woodruff: later, authorities released slager's dashboard camera video. it showed walter scott getting out of his car after a traffic stop, and running away. slager was cleared of excessive use of force in a 2013 incident. a police spokesman says that case will be reviewed again. thousands of u.s. veterans are still on long waiting lists for medical care, a year after a scandal at the department of veterans affairs. the associated press reported today the number of veterans waiting more than 30 to 60 days for an appointment has remained virtually unchanged. but cases delayed more than 90 days have nearly doubled. president obama is calling for an end to so-called conversion therapy for gay, lesbian and transgender youth. it's aimed at changing their orientation to heterosexual. in a white house statement last night, senior adviser valerie jarrett said: "overwhelming scientific evidence demonstrates that conversion therapy, especially when it is practiced on young people, is neither medically nor ethically appropriate and can cause substantial harm." the french public broadcaster tv-5 monde struggled to recover today from a major cyber attack. hackers who said they're islamic state supporters claimed responsibility. they blacked out 11 of the french network's tv channels overnight. they also took control of its website and social media feeds, posting material protesting french military action in iraq. >> it's been a very powerful cyber attack because we have very strong firewalls and that have been checked very recently and we are said to be very safe. so obviously, it's a very knowledgeable and powerful cyber attack. >> woodruff: the paris prosecutor's office has now opened a terror investigation into the hacking. back in this country, wall street managed to make up a little ground. the dow jones industrial average gained 56 points to close above 17,950. the nasdaq rose nearly 24 points, and the s&p 500 added nine. and, this was the 150th anniversary of the key event in ending the civil war. on april 9, 1865, confederate general robert e. lee surrendered to union commander ulysses s. grant. it took place at appomattox, virginia, where civil war re- enactors staged mock battles today. the area is now part of a national historical park. still to come on the newshour: iran demands a final nuclear deal must include the immediate end of sanctions. the head of the international monetary fund on the state of the global economy. companies compete for consumers who demand same day delivery. a look ahead at president obama's meeting with leaders of latin america. architects build schools designed to keep students safe in a crisis. and what it means to be the first in a family to get an elite education. >> woodruff: iran's supreme leader aytalloah khamenei today broke his silence today on last week's nuclear framework agreement, revealing more splits in how washington and tehran are publicly describing the deal. all this comes as tensions over yemen are escalating. the supreme leader finally weighed in on the nuclear deal one week after it was announced. >> ( translated ): if you ask me if i support or oppose the nuclear agreement, i neither support it nor oppose it because nothing has happened yet. nothing has been done yet. the whole issue lies in the details that they are meant to discuss one by one. >> woodruff: according to american officials, the framework agreement between iran and six world powers calls for curbing the islamic republic's nuclear technology. in exchange, tehran will get sanctions relief. khamenei insisted today that must happen "when the deal is signed." iran's president, hassan rouhani, used different words on the timing: >> ( translated ): we will not sign any agreement unless all economic sanctions are lifted at once, on the very first day of the implementation of the agreement. >> woodruff: that could put iran at odds with its negotiating partners, who have indicated sanctions would be lifted in phases. state department spokesman jeff rathke repeated the point today. >> the process of sanctions suspension or relief will only begin after iran has completed its major nuclear steps and the so that's consistent with what we've said over the last week or so and that was agreed upon by all the parties in lausanne. >> woodruff: the talk surrounding iran's nuclear program comes amid questions about its role in the yemen conflict. shiite houthis captured another provincial capital in yemen today, even as tehran again denied arming the rebels. but in a newshour interview yesterday, secretary of state john kerry dismissed the denials. >> we're well aware of the support that iran has been giving to yemen. and iran needs to recognize that the united states is not going to stand by while the region is destabilized or while people engage, you know, in overt warfare across the lines, uh >> woodruff: saudi arabia and its sunni arab allies have also intervened in yemen, with air strikes against the rebels. today, iran's khamenei condemned the saudi campaign as genocide. for more on the statements from the supreme leader and how they should be interpreted, i'm joined now by ray takeyh, he was a senior advisor on iran at the state department until 2009, and, alireza nader, a senior international policy analyst at the rand corporation. welcome back to the "newshour". both of you. >> good to be here. >> woodruff: alireza nader, let me start with you. what do you make to have the comments from the supreme leader? >> he's broken the silence, made very agraysive remarks. he's been reluctant to own the negotiations. >> woodruff: all along? all along he said i'll support the negotiators but i'm very doubtful the united states is going to come through, and we can't trust the united states. so i think he's hedging his bets. you know, during his speech he said i don't agree or disagree with what we have because nothing has happened yet, we're not in the final agreement, so i think he's playing a political game and trying to keep everybody in iran happy. >> woodruff: playing a game, hedging his bets? ray takeyh, what do you say? >> it may be true. an unsettling speech in a number of ways. for one thing, he suggests that despite what people say the office of the supreme leader has been overseeing the details of these negotiations, that is not true, which raises questions on whose behalf are the foreign ministers negotiating and if the boss approves or disapproves at this point and outlines terms of agreement continue districted by his own negotiators namely comprehensive sanctions relief immediately and an inspection regime that falls short of anticipationings raised regarding verification of the agreement. >> woodruff: what contradiction? >> he wants all sanctions lifted immediately in a comprehensive, categorical matter and the day the agreement is signed, while everybody recognizes there is going to be some stages in terms of sanctions relief and in terms of negotiation and verification he excluded military and security institutions. >> woodruff: alireza nader how do you read that that he's saying something that's clearly very different from what the u.s. has said about when the sanctions would be lifted. the u.s. is saying they would be gradually phased out. >> i have a hard time believing he doesn't follow the details of the negotiations. he knows the foreign minister, he's worked with the president before, president rouhani. these guys are working together. just because he said something in public doesn't mean that's what's really going on. he's taking a political position. in terms of sanctions relief, yes, he wants the best deal for iran, mepts sanctions relief up front and as long as iran doesn't compile with the -- comply it's not going to meet sanctions relief. playing bad cop to rouhani's good cop and see if he can get more out of the deal. >> woodruff: could that be it bad cop, good cop on the part of him and president rouhani. >> i think the speech is particularly not reinforcen but undermining the negotiations because it raises questions does the final and consequential decision maker in iran accept the terms of agreement being negotiated? when previous negotiators say you knew on whose behalf he was speaking, it's unclear if the gang in geneva or where they neat may have the support of the boss back home. so if this is good cop or bad cop, it bhai but i'm not sure how it reinforces the position to have the negotiating team. >> you believe the ayatollah could have get the negotiations go on for months without being aware? >> i find it hard to believe particularly once the head to have the atomic energy organization joined the team. but in the past he's taken positions contrary to the negotiating teams like the 190,000 speech that he gave that surprised his own negotiators. so in the past he has injected point of views in the diplomatic process which ran contradiction that has been displayed by his own team. >> woodruff: another point he made, alireza nader, is iran -- let me get this straight, i want to make sure i'm getting to the point i wanted to get to -- oh, that he ruled out what he called extraordinary supervision measurers over iran's nuclear activities going to forward. how does that square with what president obama has said -- robust, intrusive inspections? >> well, there is an issue of military bails. he doesn't want iran's military bases inspected. iran has conventional military bails. it's an issue of sovereignty. the united nations inspected iraq and when it's saddam's policies, hestent want that for iran. the p plus 51 wants iran to answer a list of questions wants access to scientists, military bases. again, can that be resolved? i think so. you know, if we look at the past year and a half of negotiations, we've come very far and i tend to see the situation as glass half full wrath than empty and from the very beginning we had doubts whether khamenei was going to go along. over time, he has said he supports the negotiations. during this speech he said i wholeheartedly support them but i just want to see what comes out of these negotiations. >> woodruff: on the inspection point, ray takeyh, do you stay ability to get that worked out? >> well, that has been the problem ongoing between i.a.e. and iran i.a.e. wants access to the military base and is not given that. wants completion of the plan in 2006 and remains unfulfilled. the intrusive sanctions have precedence. south africa gave up made facilities available for inspection. military facilities are inspected in brazil. so if he's excluding spectrum of institutions that's problematic for verification regime that doesn't have benefit of his toricle memory. >> woodruff: this is unfair to ask this as a very quick last question but in terms of yemen, i talked to secretary kerry yesterday, he made it clear the u.s. is not going to tolerate iran's activities is aware and won't tolerate iran's activities in yemen, but alireza nader, how much a priority is yemen for iran? >> it's not a vital interest. iran is busy in iraq syria, lebanon. iran supports the houthis who are fighting the saudis as a way to really provoke and counter the saudis. but i don't think iran is willing to go all out for the houthis. you know, it sees them as a convenient tool rather than a proxy. >> woodruff: quick last word. that's largely correct but this could get out of hand. as saudis and iranians become involved you have a game of incremental escalation. both parties can be involved in a country that's not a national kurt party for either one of them. >> ray takeyh and ally ali nader, we appreciate it. thank you. >> woodruff: the global economy may be stuck in a long period of low growth and high unemployment, a period you might even call the new mediocre. that was the message delivered today by one of the world's key players in finance and development-- the international monetary fund. it was a call to action, and a warning for countries to act, especially in one region of particular concern-- the eurozone. europe is now a continent climbing its way out of recession. for some, especially britain and germany, it's happening faster. but in france, growth at the end of last year was stagnant, and tensions have spilled into the street. thousands of people marched today against public spending cuts and austerity measures. >> ( translated ): i think the people who are protesting in greece, in spain, and here in france, they are right. we're right to not agree with austerity with everything we've been made to go through only to make the bosses and the bankers rich. >> woodruff: in greece, that sentiment is felt even more deeply, with unemployment still at 25% despite deep cuts in public spending. the country has had to rely on $280 billion in bailouts from the european union and i.m.f. today, the new anti-austerity government in athens eased concerns that it might default and paid back close to $500 million. still, greece will be the focus of high-level meetings at the i.m.f. in washington next week. another major topic up for discussion-- the chinese-led creation of an asian infrastructure investment bank. so far 35 countries have signed on but the u.s. is not one of them. that's led to questions about america's status in the global economy and the role of the international monetary fund. the head of the i.m.f., christine lagarde, discussed these issues today in washington, and sat down with me this afternoon. christine lagarde, thank you for talking with us. >> great pleasure. >> woodruff: one of your main messages today is global economic growth is -- yes, it's growing but it's not enough, it's not as fast as you would like to see it. you went as far as to say growth in the near term is going to be pared down. what did you mean by that and why is that happening? >> today's growth indicates that recovery is underway and, unfortunately, it is too moderate and uneven. that's for the short term. but what we also are seeing is that the growth potential -- that is growth for tomorrow and the day after tomorrow -- has been seriously affected by the scars of the financial crisis, by something that we can't do anything about which is the aging of population and by a very low productivity. so what we risk is the new mediocre to become reality. and it can be avoided. it can be avoided if the right measures are taken. on the macroeconomy front, on the financial stability front and in terms of structural reforms to the economy. >> woodruff: i also want to ask you about the i aging population. >> that we can't do much about. >> woodruff: is that really one where you just hope it gets better? >> you know, the overall global population will grow. the point i was trying to make is in the advanced economies and in some of the largest emerging market economies like china, for instance, population is aging, and it is those countries that can unleash the most growth. a country like japan, population is not growing. it's aging. yet there is a huge working for potential that is untapped at the moment. the woman. so what i'm saying is you and i will age. we can't stop that. but measures can be taken by policymakers to bring more people to the job markets where it will unleash value. >> woodruff: well, we can't talk about europe without talking about greece. you've got a much watched-for payment the i.m.f. did today from greece. >> yes. were you relieved? i was told by the finance minister whom i saw sunday easter that payment will be made and payment has been made. so that is good. what i'm most concerned about is that the rest of our conversation be also implemented -- that is we activate and accelerate the dialogue, the discussions of the reforms that the greek authorities proposed to do in order to reach the objectives of the contract that they have with the european partners. >> that's what i want to ask you about because we know greece even as it makes this payment, is in the throws of some enormous economic and social and political turmoil still. high unemployment, 25%. these austerity measures have been imposed. capital is leaving the country -- i saw the number $25 billion worth. what is the i.m.f. doing, if anything, to ease up on some of the austerity that's been imposed on it? >> for the greek economy, most to have the difficult fiscal measures have been taken, so much so that the country in 2014, most likely and we hope in 2015 will deliver a fiscal surplus. but what is badly needed and has not been implemented over the last few years is in-depth structural reforms to unleash the potential of the greek economy, to unclog the product and service market, to give access to jobs to young people. baby milk is only sold in pharmacies. there is no particular reason for that. it was tried retail market could sell it for a little while, prices went down. it reverted quickly back to the pharmacies. this is not a good idea. transportation is highly, highly regulated and prevents access to new players and newcomers. the pension system is doomed to weigh so heavily on the greek economy that it will not be sustainable. it has to be reformed. >> very quickly. for those americans who are watching and saying this is an ocean away, it doesn't really affect us, what's the answer? >> i think the world is so interconnected that instability in any corner of the world is going to affect all the other corners. and we all have an interest in stability, in predictability, in confidence-building rather than instability. >> woodruff: another issue i want to ask you about is one i know will be discussed next week is i is a move by china to fund a new bank, the asian investment bank, for developing countries. are those who are saying this is represents potentially something that could undercut the i.m.f., the world bank? do you share the worries? >> i actually don't because the i.m.f. is not in the business of financing infrastructure. this is, you know, not what we were set up for 70 years ago. our mission is financial stability. so we don't compete at all with the activity intended by the a.i.i.b. but, you know it's an initiative that will fund infrastructure and, if it is done efficiently, project well selected, countries' growth lifted, it's good for the global simi. >> woodruff: for those who say this should be a wakeup call to the united states, that the days of american economic preeminence may be coming to an end because of this kind of thing that the chinese can pull off and dozens of other countries that even american allies are joining and signing on to this bank? >> this is a new economic landscape. we're no longer in a situation where china was a low-income country, developing economy, and the same goes for many other emerging markets. so with the new landscape, the united states remains the largest economic power in the world, and the united states has to play its role and has to exercise its leadership. for instance, it is my main shareholder, yet it does not ratify the reform that it itself engineered in order to reduce the representation of the europeans and increase the representation of the emerging market economies. to strengthen the i.m.f. which is a tool of stability. so i very much hope that the united states will actually deliver on its leadership commitment. >> woodruff: and that was a decision by the united states congress and helped to lead to china's decision to create this bank. >> it may have been in the back of the mind of chinese authorities. i don't know what the process was, but it's certainly in the hands of the u.s. authorities congress and the executives, to actually implement the leadership that is so much needed. >> woodruff: christine lagarde managing director of the international monetary fund. thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: let's turn to a story that shows how apps and the tech economy are delivering a jolt to the traditional world of retail, with the growth of same-day delivery. its on the rise in a number of metro areas. and just today, amazon announced a plan to expand these services into austin, texas. our economics correspondent, paul solman, looks at this changing business model and the questions around it, part of our ongoing reporting: "making sense," which airs every thursday on the newshour. > the much valued courier of the future and according to the amazon the near future, the home delivery drone. now package transport technology has been speeding up for quite some time from the mule to the railroad to the pony express to federal express. but suddenly there's an explosion of same-day or sooner delivery ventures. in december amazon premier prime now, a new perk of the $99 a year prime subscription. in four cities and counting one-hour delivery costs $8. wait two hours and you pay nothing. next to launch, drone delivery, get your package within minutes. and where amazon rushes in, google fears not to tread. >> hi, google express. there you go! >> google express same-day delivers items from toys 'r' us, costco, and walgreen's in six cities. what's the hurry? to google's bringen elliott, it's just the pace of modern living. >> it used to be waiting seven or ten days was fine. increasingly people's expectations are they will get faster and freer delivery. >> thanks! >> reporter: maybe i should pick up the pace. freer doesn't mean free. you can pay google as you go $5 an order or $95 annual subscription fee and also at your speedy service startups like instacart which delivers grocery, post mate provides coffee in an instant or stiffer drink ultra will bring booze in an hour. >> we look at it as all additional business. >> reporter: owner of one west dupont circle wine and spirits in washington, d.c. says his business has grown each month since he started fulfilling orders for ultra last summer. he pays ultra a 7.5% commission on the order and passes some of the cost to the customer. >> let's see if you wanted two six-packs of miller light even if you wanted to pay $5 for delivery, i lose money because my driver could be making more profitable deliveries and b it costs money to have him go and park and i'm paying his salary so at that point i'm losing money on the transaction. >> every retailer today has to respond to the threat of amazon. >> reporter: three years ago, daphne founded deliv a crowd source service which use as network of drivers in eight cities to deliver for 250 retailers and six mall operators whose very existence is now threatened by the same-day giants. >> it's providing a way for all the macy's, the bloomingdale's, the foot lockers, the nordstrom's an ability to out amazon-amazon. you can buy something and rather than have the item shipped to you in california from a distribution center in atlanta, mailsies can identify that that item is available in a store two miles away from your house, our driver picks it up and delivers it to you. >> reporter: deliv's business model, to be the uber x of same-day delivery. >> i don't own warehouses i don't own trucks, i don't pay for drivers i don't use, i don't buy inventory. >> reporter: so leslie gibbons, for instance, drives only when a delivery is needed, earns up to $20 an hour according to the company. she considered driving for lyft or uber but -- >> it's nice to have packages versus people in my car. i love people but it's much more relaxing to be driving on my own. >> hello. >> reporter: as for customers like kim holland well, she paid $5 to have deliv bring the present she ordered for a friend on macy's.com to her door. >> a lot of times i don't have time to go to the store or i don't have time to wait for fed ex so this is much more convenient and much more reliable. >> reporter: so yes it appears there are customers for instant delivery. >> if you ask consumers if they want same-day delivery 29% say they do. >> reporter: but few people can or will pay for it. >> end of the day same-day delivery only works if enough customers are willing to pay for the service. we don't see that happening. the fact is it's not needed most time. sure, if i'm a parent and i need diapers, we can imagine that, or maybe medicine for my child, do i really need the toaster that fast? do i need that shirt right now? no, probably not. >> reporter: richard notes reports of the death of brick and mortar are greatly exaggerated. 90% of shopping, he says, is still done in person. >> customers like to go to the store. if it's close enough for you to be delivered same day it's close enough for you to go get it. >> reporter: indeed, ebay put the brakes on its service last year. it's customers just weren't that interested. the us postal service's metro post pilot program in san francisco failed due to low participation. but the usps hasn't given up. it's traditional business, first-class mail is dying. package delay-free business may be the last hope. us postal delivery -- >> we need the package services to help us sustain. >> reporter: sure sameday is not exactly new to new york city. but the postal service they already have the trucks and the carriers in place to help even more stores and web sites provide quick delivery. jesse garrett runs the pilot program. >> we're able to deliver about 97% of the packages people ordered today this evening. >> reporter: so what are you delivering same day here in new york city? >> children's clothes, medicines, electronics as well and sometimes, of course, we don't know what's inside the package at all. >> reporter: the postal service says they've signed up 20 to 30 local retailers in new york, among them beauty and hair care store rickeys. order something here and for $6 a metro post courier will deliver it to your door by the end of the day. what are the most popular same-day items here? >> i would say nail polish. >> reporter: i actually don't wear it, but why would anybody need nail polish on the same day? >> i couldn't give you the reason. all i can tell you is i can get it there the same day if they need it. whether nail polish or mascara, we have to get it to them. >> reporter: will same-day delivery rescue the post office? will amazon's investments and ever faster delivery pay off? the company even holds a patent for anticipatory delivery which would predict future orders and prepare them for delivery before a purchases is even made. the answer will depend on how many customers feel the need for speed and are willing to pay for it. this is economics correspondent paul solman for the pbs "newshour". >> woodruff: as leaders from north and south america ready for a major summit tomorrow, all eyes are on two historic foes, as they attempt to mend fences with the world watching. chief foreign affairs correspondent margaret warner reports. >> warner: president obama arrives tonight in panama, for an historic summit of the americas, the first time cuba has attended the event. it's a direct result of moves to thaw relations between the two nations, triggered last december, when the president announced an end to washington's 60-year campaign to isolate cuba. >> we will end an outdated approach that, for decades, has failed to advance our interests and instead, we will begin to normalize relations between our two countries. >> warner: in 1962, after fidel castro's communist revolution seized power, washington insisted that cuba be expelled from the u.s.-led organization of american states. now, there's speculation the president could meet privately with cuban president raul castro on the sidelines of the summit and soon announce he's removing cuba from a list of state sponsors of terrorism. in jamaica today, the president said the state department completed its review, but he hasn't been presented with a recommendation on that yet, but indicated many changes are on the way. >> my expectation is that during the course of this year and into next year, you'll see series of steps and measures that are taken to build trust and to establish genuine dialogue. >> warner: washington hopes its new detente with cuba will sweeten the summit atmosphere. but venezuela's president nicolas maduro has other plans. >> yankee go home! >> warner: maduro, like his predecessor, the late hugo chavez, opposes u.s. influence in the region. the antagonism hit a new pitch last month when president obama announced an executive order levying financial sanctions against seven venezuelan officials for alleged human rights abuses during a crackdown against political opponents and protesters last year. the language of the order, that venezuela posed "an extraordinary threat to the national security of the united states," made maduro see red. >> ( translated ): i have a letter ready for the people of the united states and president obama telling them the truths of venezuela, denouncing the aggression of the decree that he signed >> warner: his government launched a petition drive to collect millions of signatures to present at the summit demanding that president obama repeal the decree. >> ( translated ): we are calling for them to abolish that law that was passed by president barack obama in the united states senate. that they repeal that law because we don't want that imperial law in our nation. we are free, independent and sovereign. >> warner: other leftist latin american countries, including cuba, and even some of america's friends in the region, also denounced the executive order's language, saying it smacked of u.s. bullying. but plummeting oil prices have left venezuela unable to continue buying regional influence with its heavily subsidized oil. washington hopes that means the region's flagging economies will see more need for u.s. investment, and that the summit will focus on issues like combating smuggling, energy and trade. >> woodruff: and margaret joins me now. >> woodruff: margaret, welcome. what should we expect tomorrow when the summit gets underway in panama? >> the white house hopes this will be a victory for president obama, giving the openings to cuba. that were frank when the opening was announced last december that yes it was done on its own merits by the timing was driven by the last summit. the summit was hijacked by all the countries because to have the fact the u.s. kept cuba out. they wanted to clear out that underbrush. so we really thought he would ride in on a wave of good feeling, also because of his order about protect ago lot of undocumented aliens which was -- immigrants which was very controversial here as well in latin america but then they kind of stepped in it the way they handled this slapping sanctions on the seven venezuelan officials. >> woodruff: why was that card blunder and could it do harm? >> originally, it was done under pressure from the hill and the actual sanctions were announced the day after the cuba announcement without a peep. then there was terrible oppression going on in venezuela, dissidents and opposition. as the new year rolled on the mayier of caracas was arrested on charges a 14-year-old boy was killed by a police officer and people like robert menendez no longer chairman to have the foreign relations commit with but had been marco rubio opposed to the cuban opening saying you are abandoning human rights, where is the implementation order? it's in the order about that smacked of imperialist meddling in latin america, whether supporting coups. latin america doesn't like to be treated by the united states as being in their backyard. far from having the presidents of the countries coming down hard for what's going on they rallied. they expect a stunt maybe the presenting of petition bus are counting on the other countries who need the united states more than ever and the president of panama who wants a successful summit to keep maduro in a box and not let him hijack the summit. >> woodruff: it's been four months since president obama and castro announced they wanted normalized relation bus since nothing much tangible happened. why is that? >> the two presidents may have agreed in terms of national interest this was a good idea. they've had three sessions conducted at a high level assistant secretary of state here and a foreign minister in cuba, and apparently gone very well with not a lot of overheated rhetoric and all that. but that doesn't mean the bureaucracies are on board, particularly the cuban bureaucracy. so cuba also insisted that before they're ready to let the u.s. take the sign down, they want off this list which only has sudan, syria and iran on it, an old hangover from the '80s. >> woodruff: sponsor terrorism. >> and cuba had leftist guerilla movements. the u.s. wants its diplomats be able to operate, not have to get clearance to leave havana, be able to meet with dissidents the dissidents are free to come in the embassy. it's taking longer. that's one reason why if presidents obama and castro meet separately on the sidelines, it will be to try to move this along. >> woodruff: quickly, with all the things going on in the world, people are worried about i.s.i.s., we have been talking about iran. americans watching the summit, some are saying why should we care so much about what happens in the americas. >> it's a good question because it's not a pressing and urgent problem. the fact is if you took latin america as a whole -- it's not unified like the e.u. -- it is the fastest growing trading partner in the world. it starts from a very low base. secondly the fact it doesn't have nuclear weapons, it isn't a hot bet of terrorism. it is a huge potential asset to have a very friendly and cooperative region to the south just as we have with canada to the north. the u.s. would like to have more cooperation on combating organized crime and smuggling that works. and u.s. intel picked up interests from middle eastern terrorist saying isn't it interesting there are tunnels that go from latin america to the u.s.? so there are lots of reasons to treat this as an asset. >> woodruff: we'll watch in the coming days. margaret warner. thank you. >> my pleasure. >> woodruff: now, we travel to the island of maui, where multi- building schools are designed to withstand natural forces, but protecting against intruders is a challenge. student television network correspondent sydney dempsey looks at how one architect is reimagining spaces that balance security with a healthy learning environment. it's part of our ongoing student reporting labs series called "the new safe," in which student journalists investigate how school communities are adjusting to new concepts of safety in the classroom. >> well, when i first came here i thought it was really big. i even had to use a map to try to find my way around and i think i'm still using it today just to check and know where i'm going. >> reporter: mikaylee chalmers a maui high sophomore, has had her fair share of campuses, but after seven schools and five states, something about hawaii still stands out. >> it's nice to be outdoors and get some fresh air. >> hawaii is a unique environment. and that all of us living here know we have a climate that is pretty much comfortable all year round. >> reporter: but over the years charles kaneshiro, the president of an international architecture firm based in honolulu, sees a storm brewing in his industry. >> the majority of our schools in hawaii are older so their design to standards that existed fifty years ago. more current schools are being designed with school safety in mind, and obviously that's because of, you know, columbine and more recently, sandyhook. i don't think anybody twenty years ago could imagine, you know, something like that happening in a public school, i mean, we send our kids to go to school to learn not to be killed. >> reporter: alconel has worked as a school resource officer for three years. he says he has noticed that with the rising risk of school violence, there are inherent challenges with protecting schools with multiple buildings. >> trespassers can gain access to our campus 360 degrees making it nearly impossible for us to maintain a secure campus. unless we have the manpower to hold hand by hand and surround the school, its pretty much impossible to keep somebody out. >> there's all this fear now that i may send my son and daughter to school and they might not come home. so there is a tendency to want the schools to become a prison. but then, and that's the trade- off you know if we design our schools as prisons, then can you imagine the type of education that's going to occur in them. >> if there were bars displayed, metal detectors that they have to go through, there's this constant unsettled feeling. all of that creates a culture of anxiety, and, hypervigilance, which, when you're in a hyper vigilant state, which is watching out for danger, you can't- it's really hard to learn. >> reporter: toby neal, a licensed clinical social worker at maui center for child development and a previous counselor at multiple hawaii schools, suspects that fear- driven architecture may detach children from their roots. >> we did not evolve inside of buildings. and i think the optimal learning environment includes nature. >> reporter: aware of this >> in order to balance the two a good learning environment and a safe area is by having what we call zones of control or zones of supervision. so, instead of less glass there's actually more glass more lines of sight. >> reporter: pu'u kukui elementary school features large hurricane windows which can hold form even when cracked at impact, open areas within immediate distance of protected spaces, unobtrusive chain-link gates which subtly control axis points, a campus-wide alert system, and staff distributed so that every corner of campus is under adult supervision at all times. >> it's, it's not about designing a completely tragic proof school, we can't do that. that'd be a prison. >> reporter: ultimately, it's about balancing security with nurturing learning environments so students like chalmers can enjoy what makes school school. she believes children should be able to... >> ...come to school and focus on their work and seeing their friends and not have to worry about their wellbeing or anything. >> woodruff: finally tonight, a segment from our partners at the "new york times." last month, students from some of the nation's most selective colleges gathered at brown university in providence, rhode island. known as "first gens," these first generation college students face unique challenges amid the privilege and opportunity of elite educations. for me, a first generation college student is -- >> a great privilege, but also a responsibility. >> there is not a lot of room for error. i'm the second person ever from our middle school to go to an ivy league school. >> my dad is a taxi driver. i'm able to do just as well as my peers who have maybe had better resources. >> sort of a blessing and a curse. >> for me personally making friends at brown was a little bit difficult because i had never been surrounded by people who were this rich in my entire life. i thought what do i have in common with these people? do i truly belong? in your freshman year college you feel like do you need support typically different than what's offered to students? assumptions that we know how to talk to professors, network, use office hours, that our parents know everything that's going on. so much of my life is focusing on classes and these esoteric authors that my family isn't used to talking about. >> invested in marxist critique in the economy -- >> a lot of times i call home and the only thing we have to talk about is how the weather. on the other hand, there are times when i feel really proud. i'll call my mom back home and i will say, you won't believe, this cudthis kid doesn't know how to do her laundry. i'm proud i know how to take care of myself and that's something my family has taught me to do. >> it's more than provisions. class is a different issue. i didn't want to paint myself as being different. it's a hard thing to admit. being first and gay means i'm coming from a background where a lot of students aren't. i had to get a job quickly. i didn't have access to money to buy a suit. where you can get a job depends on how well your clothes fit. it's difficult to be confident and speak on the same level. you need to be comfortable with how you are. >> when i compare myself with students with brown, if they complain about being really busy, and i think i was really busy here. i'm actually working in the student dining services. my family moved from kenya when i was 6. if i were to trying to conceal my identity, i don't mention my work or my family life. >> where are you from? new jersey. ? that's when i say new jersey. we have a lot of students from new york and new jersey. >> i don't want to seem like a burden and i don't want them to pity me because i think i'm really capable. so i feel like any other student here. >> i started a project among friends who wanted to discuss what it was like to be a first generation student. it's grown. to this conference that's been all-conference ivy league -- >> you can always learn. the ones i hope people get out of the conference is the feeling they're not alone because they aren't. >> i remember the first time i told my mom about the job i got on campus. i was making around 14, $15 an hour. she was just so shocked that i was already making what she took years to be able to make. >> for the most part i am proud i'm a first generation student and my grandma is illiterate. so knowing how far my family has come from that is very humbling. >> i have been saving up to be able to afford my mom's plane ticket here. none of my family has been able to afford to visit brown. probably the only time they will be on the campus is when i graduate. i don't know if everyone has to think about their life in college that way. >> it's a reality the institutions are created by white people and for white people at the time. so yes, it does exist, but when you have a lot of people of color, a lot of people coming into the schools in large numbers, that privilege is being challenged. >> being the first generation college student, i think i have a loft empathy. i think in college there is an empathy gap and this puts me in a position to push forward change that needs to happen. on the newshour online, every day, millions of americans use products and eat food produced by slave labor: from the rare metals in our cell phones to harvested fish in our supermarkets. where are these items coming from? and just how widespread is modern slavery? newshour reporter/producer p.j. tobia gets the back story on how this horrifying practice survives today. it's the first episode of newshour's latest podcast called "shortwave." you can find a link to it on our home page, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday, we'll look at a music i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you on-line, and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org this is "nightly busines re su. merger mania. a trillion dollars in deals so far this year. could this be a record year and is it a bullish sign for investors? on second thought, conventional wisdom says pay off your mortgage before you retire. give you reasons why that might not be the best idea. >> making the the grade. winter is never a great time for the airlines and this year was challenging to say the least. which ones performed well which didn't? the carriers get their report cae got it for you. all that and more for thursday april 9th. good evening, everyone. sue has the night off. well yesterday, we told you about the $100 billion worth of deals on the table. that helped push the

Related Keywords

Brazil , China , North Charleston , South Carolina , United States , California , Jamaica , Syria , Washington , District Of Columbia , San Francisco , Sudan , Netherlands , Havana , Ciudad De La Habana , Cuba , Tehran , Iran , Panama , Poland , Spain , Greece , South Africa , New York , Canada , Japan , Germany , Texas , Rhode Island , Honolulu , Hawaii , Sandyhook , New Jersey , Virginia , Lebanon , As Iran , Az Arbayjan E Sharqi , United Kingdom , Athens , Attikír , Kenya , Caracas , Distrito Federal , Venezuela , Iraq , Geneva , Genè , Switzerland , Saudi Arabia , Yemen , Paris , Rhôalpes , France , New Bank , Jamaica General , Polish , Americans , Venezuelan , America , Saudi , Holland , Chinese , Greek , Iranians , Saudis , Britain , French , American , Cuban , Jeff Rathke , Alireza Nader , Marco Rubio , Hugo Chavez , Margaret Warner , Hassan Rouhani , Nicolas Maduro , Ali Nader , Walter Scott , Alfred P Sloan , Robert Menendez , Catherine T Macarthur , Leslie Gibbons , John Kerry , Judy Woodruff , Raul Castro , Jesse Garrett , Barack Obama , Gwen Ifill , Valerie Jarrett , Christine Lagarde , Fidel Castro , Toby Neal ,