system has failed them. >> woodruff: ...major overhauls for law enforcement, albuquerque police rethink excessive and lethal use of force during confrontations. >> you can go into these and it's not so much about talking to someone. it could be about, okay, what is this person capable of doing and how can i talk them down or how can i help them with what they are going through. >> ifill: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. i.b.e.w. the power professionals in your neighborhood. >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the snow kept piling higher and higher in the northeast today, as another wallop from winter struck. boston was expecting up to two new feet of snow, breaking a record, with more than 60 inches already in the past 30 days. almost all public schools in massachusetts were closed and arrivals and departures at logan airport were limited. governor charlie baker said it's a challenge figuring out where to put the accumulated effects of three big storms in two weeks. >> many places will now have had between 70 and 80 inches of snow having fallen in the past 14 days. on the statewide roads that's probably manageable, they can push it off onto the shoulders. i said yesterday that over the course of the first two storms state plows had moved enough snow to fill gillette stadium 90 times. >> woodruff: the boston are transit service is shutting down. winter storm warnings are in effect for central new york, the western catskills and much of new england through tomorrow morning. meanwhile, in the pacific northwest, another big storm dropped heavy rain on northern california, oregon and washington. flash flood warnings were in effect today for much of that region. >> ifill: there have been another deadly incident involving migrants trying to cross the mediterranean to italy. at least 29 people died of hypothermia today after the italian coast guard found a life raft, with 105 people on board, off the coast of libya. they were set adrift by smugglers in 30-foot waves and freezing temperatures. >> woodruff: president obama called today for iran to decide once and for all, if it will agree to curtail its nuclear operations. a deadline for getting a deal has twice been pushed back. at a white house news conference, the president said there's no reason for further delay. >> my view-- and i presented this to members of congress-- is that we now know enough that the issues are no longer technical, the issues now are, does iran have the political will and desire to get a deal done. >> woodruff: the president acknowledged a very real difference with israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu over negotiating with iran at all. he also said again he will not meet with the israeli leader next month, when netanyahu addresses congress. mr. obama said he wants to avoid any appearance of influencing israeli elections, just two weeks later. >> ifill: in yemen, a united nations envoy tried today to resume talks between shiite rebels and other parties, but two of the factions walked out. they said they'd been threatened by the rebels. last week, the shiites formally dissolved parliament and took over what had been a pro- american government. >> woodruff: british banking giant hsbc admitted today to major misdeeds by its swiss unit, amid new disclosures of how it helped launder drug money and dodge taxes. the claims came from the international consortium of investigative journalists, based on leaked documents. sioban kennedy of independent television news has our report. >> reporter: it's one of the world's biggest banks, but what secretive business was carried out in the snowy mountains of the swiss alps? did hsbc knowingly allow its private swiss arm to help wealthy clients conceal billions of dollars worth of income from the tax man. data released today appears to show just that and the bank has been forced to accept it may well have been involved. the latest allegations are potentially very damaging for hsbc, which is already facing multiple prosecutions for alleged tax activities around the world. now, new revelations that it colluded with clients to avoid tax, opened bank accounts for known criminals, and aggressively marketed tax avoidance schemes raise more serious questions. the man in charge while all this was going on was stephen green. a church of england minister he's spent the majority of his working life at the bank reveal hsbc files 2005-2007. today's hsbc revelations cover the period 2005-07. exactly when stephen green was in charge. >> woodruff: u.s. regulators fined hsbc in 2012 for letting criminals use its branches for money laundering. >> ifill: stocks sank again across europe today after the new leader of greece vowed to stick by his anti-austerity plans. alexis tsipras insisted last night his government will not accept an extension of current bailout terms. in turn, german chancellor merkel said greece must have a sustainable plan to pay its debt if it wants to stay in the euro- zone. >> woodruff: worries about dprees helped weigh down wall street today. the dow jones industrial average lost 90 to close near $17,700. the nasdaq fell 18 points on the day and the the s&p slid 8 points. >> ifill: the number two official at the secret service has been forced out. the agency announced today that deputy director alvin a.t. smith will resign and take another job in the homeland security department. it's the latest shakeup at the secret service after a series of breaches in presidential security. >> woodruff: and the grammys drew just over 25 million people last night, its smallest audience since 2009. british newcomer sam smith won four awards, including record and song of the year for "stay with me." best album went to folk singer beck, for "morning phase." >> woodruff: still to come on the newshour. the u.s. and europe debate how to stop the conflict in ukraine. a legal showdown over same-sex marriage in alabama. the week ahead in politics with amy walter and nia malika- henderson. holding police accountable for the use of excessive force. documenting gender oppression at home and around the world. and basketball coach dean smith's legacy on and off the court. >> ifill: german chancellor angela merkel went to the white house today to rally support for her plan to stop the fighting in eastern ukraine. chief foreign affairs correspondent margaret warner reports. >> warner: the visit came amid signs of a u.s.-european rift over arming ukraine's military against pro-russian rebels. today, publicly, the two leaders maintained a display of unity. >> as diplomatic efforts continue this week, we are in absolute agreement that the 21st century cannot stand idle, have us stand idle, and simply allow the borders of europe to be redrawn at the barrel of a gun. >> ( translated ): no matter what we decide, the alliance between the united states and europe will continue to stand will continue to be solid. >> warner: still, mr. obama said it's clear russia is arming the rebels, despite kremlin denials so u.s. options must remain open, if diplomacy and sanctions fail to move president vladimir putin. >> the possibility of lethal defensive weapons is one of those options that's being examined, but i have not made a decision about that yet. it's not based on the idea that ukraine could defeat a russian army that was determined. it is rather to see whether or not there are additional things we can do to help ukraine bolster its defenses in the face of separatist aggression. >> warner: chancellor merkel warned at a weekend european security conference in munich that adding more guns to the equation could dramatically escalate the war without causing putin to change course. today, she put it in other terms: >> ( translated ): i've always said i don't see a military solution to this conflict but we have to put all our efforts in bringing out a diplomatic solution. so if, at a certain point in time, one has to say that a success is not possible, even if one puts every effort into it then the united states and europe have to sit together and try and explore further possibilities of what one can do. >> warner: last week, merkel and french president francois hollande met with ukraine's leaders and russian president putin to seek an agreement. they've scheduled another in minsk on wednesday. with an eye on those talks, european union foreign ministers delayed imposing new sanctions today on russian officials. >> we hope that the outstanding issues can be resolved to a point that a minsk meeting would hold some promise and can produce the first steps toward defusing the situation and a cease-fire. >> warner: republican senator john mccain, who chairs the armed services committee, argued that arming ukrainian troops will aid diplomacy. >> if we help ukrainians increase the military cost to the russian forces that have invaded their country, how long can putin sustain a war that he tells his people is not happening? that's why we must provide defensive arms to ukraine. >> warner: in eastern ukraine today, fighting raged again, as the two sides fired rocket barrages at each other. the united nations estimates more than 5,300 people have been killed since april. and more than a million others have fled their homes. >> ifill: and margaret joins me now. angela merkel made clear she wants diplomacy first and if it doesn't work then maybe we'll talk about what happens next. did the president give any sign of where he's leaning? >> reporter: last week, administration officials were saying this drum roll he was about the furnish weapons was a little overstated, he hadn't made up his behind. today we also heard him lay out doubts and dangers such as weapons fall in the wrong hands would make the ukrainian military more aggressive than they can sustain. he said my measure is whether it will effective or not. the other thing, he is determined to stay united with the europeans because he thinks that's the only way, whether sanctions or anything else, to keep pressure on putin and that is the only option they've god. >> ifill: everything is tied to everything else. >> that's right. >> ifill: was this a matter of courtesy she's in my white house and i'm not going to disagree? >> no, i think it's strategic and tactical. the president understands the minute vladimir putin splits the u.s. from the europeans the game is over, as far as he is concerned, and she is taking a longer view than he is. her argument is we have to have strategic patience, we have to keep upping the ante on sanctions and see if some point that causes him to change his calculus. >> ifill: she and francesco schettino were trying to figure out the middle ground. did anybody indicate there was some give on this with putin? >> that's been a well-kept secret as to what exactly merkel and hollande got out of it, but i'm told german and french officials said the talks were tough, putin showed no give whatsoever, they don't really have any great expectations for meeting on wednesday necessarily, but they want to play it out. you know, they couldn't really refuse to show up because putin sent the proposal, even though it's so extreme for the u.s. and the europeans it's a non-starter, so they showed up, but it was not encouraging. i asked one u.s. official and said how do you read putin lately? he said we are beyond any competence or confidence on that one. >> ifill: what is the u.s. role? they want to keep him at the table for the iran negotiation and other related issues but what does the u.s. see as its role? does it step back and let europe take the lead? >> no. i think the u.s. is staying close to the europeans. president obama is always there to argue we have to keep the pressure on and i think merkel agrees with that. it's a question of how long this time line is. but the administration's fear is that the longer -- the moscow meeting, on the eve of the new sanction that will be opposed, u.s.'s nightmare is putin would come in and talk and say keep talking and we held back on the sanctions, and in the meanwhile the rebels are gaining more ground and krauting new effects on the ground and then putin will be able to argue the new cease fire line has to be bigger and beyond the reach of kiev. so i think the president wants to stay very engaged but weren't going to tell merkel all along you can't go. they had to play it out. >> ifill: what's become of the relationship with president and angela merkel? any evidence of strain after the eavesdropping incident? >> no, i think they said quite frankly at the end when the n.s.a. issue was raised, both angela merkel and president obama said it had caused some major rifts -- that wasn't their word -- between allies, and many allies didn't quite understand. now the president made a very spirited defense, when we're out in seesh space looking for the terrorists -- in cyberspace looking for terrorists they were in new york. i think it's a frank and open relationship. the germans remain upset about the n.s.a. surveillance -- >> ifill: but they're ans actionle virdz. >> exactly and they have to trust one another. >> ifill: interesting. margaret warner, thank you. >> always my ples. whrrk >> woodruff: to the fight over whether gay couples can marry. a federal court last month lifted alabama's ban on same-sex marriage, passed overwhelmingly by voters in 2006. but, roy moore, the state supreme court's chief justice, ordered state judges to ignore the federal ruling. the state appealed to the u.s. supreme court to put a stay on the ban, effectively halting gay marriages there. but today a divided supreme court decided against alabama's appeal, allowing same-sex unions to begin. in their dissent justices clarence thomas and antonin scalia wrote that the court is showing, "an increasingly cavalier attitude toward the states." for the latest on all this, i spoke earlier with joseph smith a professor of politics and law at the university of alabama. professor joe smith, thank you for talking with us. you've had an unusually busy 24 hours in the alabama legal sivment yousystem. you have your state supreme court justice going one direction, the u.s. supreme court going in another. how are the courts handling it? >> well, right now, it's in the county offices where the action is and i would say they are handling it in different ways. i read somewhere this afternoon that 41 county offices are not giving marriage licenses to same-sex couples and about 26 more are giving such licenses. so it's going in two directions now. >> woodruff: i gather the offices are probate judges and officers. how are they making these decisions? >> on a case-by-case basis meaning county-by-county. in each county the probate judge is based with -- faced with the decision of following what chief justice moore set out or following what the federal courts have said. i think another factor that has to be weighed in is the county probate judges are elected and they're probably looking toward the next election and how they will explain this. >> woodruff: so there is politics as well as the law involved. >> i think there is politics all over. this you have chief justice moore who, is i think -- i think at this point he knows how this story will end but it will end with same-sex marriage as being recognized in alabama but not wanting to be the one who stops fighting, i think you've got attorney general luther strange who has said he is not going to give legal advice to the pro babe bathe judges, he's not going to advise them on what they should do and he is kind of deploring what -- he says the supreme court decided not to delay the implementation of this and says that's more confusion. it seems to me that neither one of the state-wide elected officials wants to be the one who tells alabama probate judges you've got to start issuing gay marriage licenses. >> woodruff: we looked at the most recent poll we could find about public attitude towards same-sex marriage in alabama. we saw in 200416% of the people were in favor but in 2012, eight years later, that had troubled to 32%. what do you think at attitudes are like now? you're dealing with college students every day. >> the undergrads i teach are 21-22 years old and they have consistently been very supportive of equal rights for gays and lesbians over the 11 years i have been at alabama. even though they're conservative on other issues, they have consistently, it seems to me, thought allows rights for gays and lesbians as far as marriage is consistently fair. so you see a change in which some voters are no longer voting, maybe not alive and younger voters, coming of age or more likely to vote as they get older, that their preferences will be more important. >> woodruff: how would you describe public attitudes towards same-sex marriage in the state today? >> i would you say public opinion does not yet favor same-sex marriage but it's getting a lot closer and it's getting a lot closer i think primarily because of generational change. >> woodruff: professor joseph smith at the university of alabama, we thank you. >> thank you. >> ifill: call it "front runner- itis"-- that's what happens when early polls hurt more than they help. for now, the struggle for position is playing out among a handful of republican governors and one politically larger than life democrat. joining us for our weekly look at how the 2016 race is shaping up are, nia-malika henderson, of "the washington post" and amy walter of the cook political report. frontrunnerr-itis, i coined that. >> i like that! >> ifill: the two governors i want to focus on are two that have been making interesting moves. scott walker from wisconsin. >> right. last time we talked, we talked about how he had surged into a narrow lead in iowa. the polls in new hampshire show he's gone from basically zero, nobody knew who he was in new hampshire, to at least a top candidate in the state. >> ifill: because of name recognition. >> absolutely. people know who he is. he fills a niche for republicans. they're looking for someone new, different, shiny, and he is not offensive to any one of the different groups in the republican coalition. there's not one group who says well he's not going to be good on our issues. so he's pulling filling the hopes of a lot of republicans. they still want to check him out but he's living up to in some ways the desire for republicans for somebody different. >> ifill: bobby jindal is another governor from another state. what niche does he fill? >> i think he's in the cultural warrior lane. what he's doing now is he's talking about islam and sort of a cultural warrior, war on terrorism, he talks about it almost as a class of civilization and in that way getting traction for conservatives and cable news and folks in the blogosphere. he's in d.c. today talking about common core. he's going to be a thorn in the side, should he run for jeb bush. so he's sort of a christian southern moralist. >> ifill: let's explain the common core issue because that seems to be a tipping point that allows candidates to say this is who i am. common core, which is the common educational standards which has been unpopular in conservative circles, jeb bush endorsed. >> so had bobby jindal and mike huckabee. they said we edorissed it before the obama administration got their hands on it and made it a federal issue saying you will get federal money from the government race to the top issue, and it became a federal issue, they didn't like that. you're hearing a lot of grassroots anger, a lot from parents and teachers. this is the funny issue that cuts both ways. therethere are a lot of liberals in the teachers union that don't like it because they think its too prescriptive and conservatives don't like it because it has the federal component. jeb bush is standing by it. others will go after him saying he's not a true conservative. >> ifill: it's interesting seeing jeb bush campaigning in h state with strong social conservative bases like iowa? >> we saw him in detroit last week where he was the reform conservative, not touching on many of the issues so important to social conservatives, talking about immigration reform tomorrow we'll see him release more e-mails, will release a chapter from his ebook. i don't think he knows what the new world will be in terms of social-conservative, and i think his candidacy should he run will be a test of how strong that strain of the party still is. every year they talk at consolidating behind one candidate in different years with rick santorum and mike huck mike huckabee and these ran as shoestring candidates living off the fat of the land and this time i think you will have more serious candidates. >> ifill: hillary clinton sits on the sidelines, the elephant in the room. >> yeah. >> ifill: she must be pretty happy watching this. what's happening in the clinton world that is either anticipating the rise of these governors or of these candidates or just sitting back and letting it play out? >> a lot of it is sitting and letting it play out. a lot of it, though is she is behind the scenes doing a lot of work. so hiring up a brand-new team. this is a team that is comprised now of different parts of the democratic consultancy world i guess you would say. some are old-time clinton handlers but a lot of people come from obama world and it's really an attempt by the clinton establishment to say, you know what? this is going to be a different campaign. first of all we'll have better relationships with the press. we'll see how that works. we'll bring in different voices, not the same since 1992, and we'll be a cohesive democratic party. the republicans, there will be a lot of fighting. >> yet in the newspaper today, this afternoon, they posted a story about disagreements break out among the fundraisers who had allied together to raise money for hillary clinton that's beginning to surface. >> and it shows how difficult it will be to bring all these disparate groups together and that's been the challenge of the super pacs because there are these groups looking to define candidate. >> ifill: not coordinating. not coordinating with but having the message that supports the candidate. and that's early signs of dissension in the ranks. in terms of the folks she's brought around her, you've had some people criticize her for not bringing around more diverse people -- where are the african-americans and the latinos in the top ranks -- and the clinton campaign said, well, she's exphitd to it as she fills out her campaign more you will see various different faces. >> ifill: we're expecting still not an announcement before the spring? >> seems like. she has to come up with a rationale for her candidacy. also you can change the paint on the car but are you changing the engine? in other words, is hillary clinton still going to be the same candidate? >> ifill: amy walter and nia-malika henderson, thank you. >> woodruff: from ferguson, missouri, to new york city police killings where the officers were not charged have sparked some intense debate and protests across the country. in albuquerque, new mexico which has one of the highest rates of shootings involving police in the country it's a different story. special correspondent kathleen mccleery has that. and a warning: her report contains graphic footage. >> reporter: 14 year police veteran jim jury knows he and the 935 officers on albuquerque's force are getting national attention. >> it's shaken the department up. >> reporter: the intense scrutiny stems in part from charges filed last month against two officers. >> we did file what we refer to as an open count of murder. >> reporter: district attorney kari brandenburg took a tough stand after two policemen shot and killed a mentally ill homeless man in march. she charged officer dominique perez and detective keith sandy with murdering 38-year-old james boyd. he was illegally camping here in the foothills of the sandia mountains overlooking the city of albuquerque. the police were called, a four hour standoff followed and the scene was recorded by a camera worn by one of the officers. >> don't change up your agreement, i'm going to try to walk with you. >> reporter: boyd is heard agreeing to walk down the mountain with the police. less than 30 seconds later, the officers fired a flash grenade in an attempt to stun him. >> do it. >> reporter: he put down his backpack and took two small knives from his pockets. >> get on the ground now! >> reporter: officers fired six live rounds hitting him three times. he died the next day at a hospital. protests erupted after the boyd shooting, hundreds confronted police in riot gear who used tear gas and made multiple arrests. the boyd killing was one of five involving albuquerque police in a two month stretch in 2014. by all accounts, the video taken by officer perez is critical. it's the first time such evidence will be used in a murder case against police in new mexico and one of about a half dozen cases nationally. but there's little agreement on what the video shows. attorney sam bregman represents keith sandy. >> in this particular instance, we have a mentally unstable man with two knives, eight feet away, higher ground, who takes an aggressive step towards that dog handler, that fellow police officer, at that time not only did keith have the right, but he had the duty to protect that officer, and take that shot. >> that's simply not true. >> reporter: attorney shannon kennedy represents the boyd family in a separate civil lawsuit. >> if you look at the video you see james matthew boyd looking around, disoriented, delusional, and he's not threatening anyone, he's not even looking at the dog handler, and he turns away putting down his backpack, and that is when he is shot in the back. >> reporter: this city of about half a million people, has had a long string of shootings involving officers, 28 fatal incidents in the last five years. per capita that's eight times the rate in new york city. in 2012, the u.s. department of justice launched a massive civil rights investigation of police tactics here. its findings, a 46-page report released last year, blasted the department saying it engages in a pattern of excessive force, including deadly force, often against those with "mental illness and in crisis. at the time, acting assistant attorney general jocelyn samuels gave a laundry list of problems found. >> inadequate oversight, inadequate investigations of incidents of force, inadequate structures for reporting use force, inadequate training of officers to insure that they understand what is permissible and what is not. >> basically, we have the camera here that stores footage. >> reporter: the justice department report noted that albuquerque is one of a few cities its size to mandate that police wear body cameras, but it added those cameras often failed to record critical encounters. in fact, there's no video from keith sandy charged in the death of james boyd. after the report was issued, city officials knew a major overhaul was in order. police chief gorden eden. >> within the department there were systematic failures. we have good people, and the system has failed them. >> reporter: we talked to mayor richard berry at the city's botanical gardens. >> a lot of very difficult things in the finding letter, we chose to take the finding letter as a pivot point. >> we basically said listen, we're going to reserve our right as a city to disagree with that report if we need to, but for now let's turn right into this process of creating a settlement agreement that we think works. >> reporter: after the city negotiated that agreement, community groups banded together and said they would hold authorities accountable. among the changes, beefing up the number of officers given crisis intervention training known as c.i.t. it's aimed at preparing police to handle mentally ill, homeless or impaired suspects. jim jury took those classes recently. as we rode along with him, he took a call involving an attempted suicide and told us later, his training helped. >> you can go into these and it's not so much about talking to someone. it could be about, okay, but what is this person capable of doing and how can i talk them down or how can i help them with what they are going through. >> we went from twenty seven percent of our officers being certified in c.i.t., to now over seventy five percent, and we should hit a number near one hundred percent before the spring. >> reporter: other reforms in the works include new ways to evaluate officers and to investigate the use of force. all the reforms as well as settlements with families of victims of police shootings have taken a financial toll on the city. the albuquerque journal estimated the tab at 23 million dollars for past settlements plus another five million for the reforms. and there's a toll on those on the frontlines. >> i hear many of them are concerned, i hear many of them are doubting whether or not they want to be a police officer much longer. >> from a morale standpoint you'll talk to officers that feel like they're pretty beat up, when the officers don't feel like they're given a fair shake that drives morale down, when people in the community, whether it's albuquerque or anywhere else in the country, feel like they're not being listened to that's a morale problem in the community. >> reporter: it will months at least before the boyd case goes to trial. unlike ferguson, prosecutors chose not to proceed with a grand jury opting first for a mini-trial before a judge. >> we choose to go by way of preliminary hearing because we feel it's more transpare, d everybody's got the information and they're not asking question, well, why did this happen, was that presented, why didn't you present this, it's all out in the open. that really means that the judge has broad discretion. first degree, second degree, a voluntary manslaughter, she could also do involuntary manslaughter, aggravated assault. >> reporter: there could be no charges? >> there could be no charges, she could say that i don't find that there's probable cause. >> reporter: attorney bregman doesn't want the hearing to take place at all. he's moved to disqualify brandenburg saying her prosecutor interviewed witnesses on the mountain when boyd was shot. >> we have the very same district attorney's office, including the lead prosecutor in this case, at the time of this shooting, goes up to the mountain, interviews people, gives legal advice at the time now comes back down months later, charges these same officers with murder. it's an inherent conflict of interest. >> reporter: brandenburg said her department is supposed to go to the scene of a crime. and for attorney kennedy, it all looks like pushback from the police. >> they truly believe that they should be able to operate above the law, and when you have a district attorney that's going to hold their feet to the fire and say no one is above the law and no one is below the law, they retaliate, they're bullies. >> reporter: change won't happen overnight, it will take four years or more to fully implement the justice department agreement. the mayor sees the city's current plight as an opportunity. >> albuquerque, though some of the difficulties we've had, i think will come out of this as a real thought leader, and as someone that can really show the way. >> reporter: but in the meantime, there have already been three new shootings involving officers this year, including one that was fatal. i'm kathleen mccleery for the pbs newshour in albuquerque. >> ifill: in a new report out today, the united nations documents how girls simply trying to go to school face threats and violent attack in 70 countries. that tracks with the stories on display in a pbs documentary series that ends tonight. "a path appears" expands that scope to explore violence against women more broadly and what can be done about it. jeffrey brown has our conversation. >> brown: journalists nicholas kristof and sheryl wudunn are well-known for their work on these subjects. their prior collaboration, "half the sky," first a book and then a series, took viewers around africa and asia. this time, they've co-authored the book, "a path appears," which focuses on problems such as sex trafficking and abuse including in this country. it's also led to a series that's been shown on pbs's independent lens, the latest episode airs tonight. nicholas and cheryl join me from new york. nick, let me start with you. one thing you have done in this series is put a spotlight on abuses here at home. is that a particular concern to bring it home, so to speak? >> yeah, it was. half is focused on women's rights abroad. people kept asking what about the u.s.? that seemed a fair question. the atroughscies in many ways are worse in afghanistan or yemen but we have real problems right here and seemed to us what, while the discussion about gender and equity is often about pay or representation of women in congress or on boards, that the two massive issues are sex trafficking, 100,000 underaged girls trafficked a year into the sex trade and likewise domestic violence. three women every day killed by their domestic partners. >> and cheryl, were there common threads you found for how girls and young women came into this world? >> there are certainly are common threads, how girls are abused here and trafficked. we often think as trafficking as girls from abroad brought to the u.s. but actually there are runaway girls found at the the bus station or railway station and they are coaxed into a relationship with a pimp and forced into prostitution so it happens differently but the result is the same. but there are solutions and that's in part why we wrote this because we saw solutions bubbling up everywhere. >> brown: nick, this is about a young woman in atlanta? >> a young women named antonia in atlanta, she had been in a long-term relationship with a man who brutally beat her up repeatedly and finally she decided that she was going to stay alive only if she fled with her children to this shelter. >> brown: let's take a look. how old are your kids? ten, seven and four. all girls? yes. oh! i need to leave. >> so right now he's charged with beating you up. >> yes. when you were in the shelledder before that what had you done? >> i ended up in a hospital and went to a shelter. he used to tie me up, leave me in the closet. do mean things to me. tell me he loves me. you know he would jump on me. he had choked me. there was one situation he was choking me so bad my older daughter jumped on his back to get him off me. >> cheryl, you were talking about solutions. that's the idea of the path. a path forward? >> absolutely. there are a number of ways that we can actually address change specifically when it comes to challenges like trafficking. you need a comprehensive solution. there's woman becca stephens in nashville tennessee, and she raised money for safe houses and she puts eight women or so in each house. they learn to live together. they basically take two years to detox and to adjust into a new life in normal society, and then she trains them for jobs. >> brown: what's your sense, both of you -- starting with you, nick -- what's your sense of the awareness of these kinds of problems whether it is at home or abroad? how much do you have to still convince people of the problem? >> i think that is a huge problem. i think that it's very easy for those who have made it to construct a narrative in which those who are suffering are to blame for their own problems, and, you know this notion of personal responsibility as being the-all and end-all of poverty and disadvantage and we hope that by putting a human face on some these challenges we can push back at that and underscore that, sure, there is a certain amount of personal responsibility there but there also is an awful lot of kids who desperately need help who didn't do anything wrong and it's a certain amount of social responsibility on the part of all of us if we don't use the evidence-based sliewptions and try to give them a chance to get to the starting line. >> brown: do you have an example? >> sure. i think one of the lessons of the past is our efforts against poverty haven't been more successful in this country and abroad because they often start too late. it's an awful lot easier to help a 6-month-old than a struggling 16-year-old and a lot cheaper. in the documentary we saw a 4-year-old kid who can't speak because he didn't get a hearing screening in west virginia. and so as his brain is developing he's not getting auditory stimulation, it's not clear if he ever will speak. we let him slip through the cracks and he is not going to be a fully productive citizen because we blew it on our watch with something as simple as a hearing screening. >> brown: these books and documentaries are on pretty dark subjects but sounds as though you remain optimistic? >> we are optimistic because we've seen so many people engage in solutions. early childhood education, nick touched on it when he mentioned this little boy, johnny. in fact, there are evidence-based solutions that researchers have conducted, whether trials that have acly gone and figured out what works best, and realized that starting with babies in the womb coaching parents, don't smoke or drink, and when the baby is born, read to the baby, talk to and hug and kiss the baby, and that is so critical because the brain is transforming most dramatically in basically zero to five years of aifnlg. >> brown: thank you both very much. >> thank you, jeff. >> woodruff: finally tonight, remembering dean smith, a coaching legend who changed college basketball, from the way that players were treated and seen to new strategies affecting the game itself. just outside the basketball arena that bears his name. fans paid their respects after the news broke sunday. >> he embodied the best of us. and always taught us that winning was about far more than what happened on the basketball court. >> woodruff: dean smith became head coach at north carolina in 1961. his record was eight and-9 that first year, but he never had a another losing season. overall, his tar heel teams claimed two national championships, went to 11 final fours and scored a remarkable 879 wins. down the road from chapel hill, duke's longtime coach mike krzyzewski went head to head with smith for years. >> dean set the highest of standards in our profession and will go down as one of the great coaches of any sport all time. because he not only coached the game at the highest level, but he lived the game at the highest level. >> woodruff: that was evident in innovations like the clock- eating four corners offense, which led directly to the countdown shot clock in college ball. smith broke social ground as well in 1967, charlie scott became the first black scholarship athlete at north carolina, and one of the first in the south. >> he never talked to me about being the first black, he never emphasized that that was his intention. he made me feel like he was recruiting me because he felt like i was a great basketball player who could add to the university of north carolina's tradition. >> woodruff: over the years, dean smith coached some of the game's greatest names topped by michael jordan, who said in a statement on sunday, "more than a coach he was a mentor, my teacher, my second father." that kind of admiration and affection was on display on the day smith announced his retirement in 1997. >> what loyalty i've had. any man, from my players over there. they're really special. >> woodruff: by 2010, smith's family announced the coach suffered from a form of dementia. >> dean e. smith spent 36 years bringing college basketball to new heights. >> woodruff: and his wife, linnea, accepted the presidential medal of freedom on his behalf in 2013. dean smith was 83, when he passed away saturday night, at his home in chapel hill. >> woodruff: some thoughts about the many legacies of dean smith on and off the court with sports writer john feinstein who knew him and wrote about him today in "the washington post" and is working on a book about him. great to see you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: tell us about dean smith, the basketball coach and why was he so successful? >> probably because he was so smart. he was an innovator. coaches will tell you they're always copying dean. he always said i hope i'm a better coach than a imrearg. i hope i will be better a year from now than now. he worked at that every summer, coming up with new ways to beat the opposition. the other thing was his ability to make his players understand why he did things. he didn't just say do this. he would tell them why he wanted them to do it and why he built the program the way he did, why the freshmen, whether michael jordan or anybody else, carried the bags for the seniors, even the seniors were walk-ons. and he had a system believed in it totally and kept work at making it better year in and year out. >> woodruff: he inspired a lot of poilt. >> my gosh, yes. a lot of players are loyal to their former coaches but it's at a completely different level with carolina players. i asked larry brown who played for him and coached under him once, why is the loyalty so incredibly intense? i thought larry's answer was great, he's the single most decent man i've ever met and i think that's a wonderful way to be remembered and a perfect description of dean smith. >> woodruff: talk about that. in the tributes i have been reading today, so much is about dean smith the man as well as a successful basketball coach. you've talked with him and spent time with him. what was it about him? >> well, he was never afraid to take on an issue even though he thought it might make him unpopular. he was against the death penalty in north carolina where most people are for it. when he got to north carolina in 1958 being the son of the first high school coach in kansas to coach an integrated basketball team in the state playoffs, he was shocked to learn that the restaurants there were still segregated and spoke to his minister and the two agreed that he and a black member of their church would walk into a segregated restaurant and dare a manager not to serve them. he was aye an assistant coach at that point. could have been fired, arrestedder he had no idea what happened but didn't hesitate and the management served them and that was the beginning of desegregation of restaurants in chapel hill. >> woodruff: the pushback didn't get to him? >> not at all. he didn't worry about what outsiders thought. the best coaches need to do that. especially today, but even back then if you did you would lose your mind. in 1965, his fourth year in north carolina, he was hung in effigy after a bad lawsuit at wake forest. bill cunningham, who was on the team, pulled the effigy down. he was a deeply spiritual guy and read a lot of katherine marshall and took strength from her essay called "the powerful of helplessness," saying don't concern yourself with that which you cannot control. he always did that when he won and lost basketball games he knew this was more to life than that. >> woodruff: in an interview you did with him you described a decision to integrate on the restaurant. you had spoken with his minister. >> correct. >> woodruff: in that conversation you talked about how he was judged. tell us about it. >> what happened was i was doing a profile on him in 1981 for "the washington post" and -- dean didn't want me to do the profile. he wanted you to write about someone other than him. i had spoken to reverend seymore who told me that the restaurant. i said, darnings could you tell whey me what happened? he said, who told you the story? i said reverend seymore. he said, i wish he hadn't told you. i said, you should be proud. >> proud. he said you never should be proud for doing the right thing. he wanted to do what was right for all the people in his life but never needed the pat on the back. >> woodruff: john feinstein talking about the great north carolina basketball coach dean smith. thank you. >> thank you, judy. >> ifill: again, the major developments of the day, german chancellor angela merkel met with president obama at the white house in a bid to work out the next move in ukraine. merkel made clear again that she had opposed any u.s. move to send arms to ukraine's military. and snow kept piling up in new england, as the third winter storm in two weeks blanketed the region. this evening, the governor declared a state-wide emergency and the boston area transit system announced it's shutting down all service. >> woodruff: on the newshour online right now, we look back at the origins of the internet and how it all started with the first log-in. read about the maiden message someone typed into the grand- daddy of the world wide web. all that and more is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. >> ifill: and that's the newshour for tonight. on tuesday, the challenges of early onset alzheimer's. we sit down with the author of still alice. i'm gwen ifill. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line, and again here tomorrow evening, for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> lincoln financial-- committed to helping you take charge of your life and become you're own chief life officer. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org report." with tyler mathihisen and sue herera. lip on worries about greece. equities drop as the new prime minister calls to roll back austerity, setting his government on a collision course with creditors. rough seas work resumes at the west coast ports after the weekend shutdown. don't look now, but oil prices are up 9% in three sessions. has crude found a floor or will the commodity make another dramatic move lower? good evening, everyone. welcome. defiant, that is how many are describing the new greek prime minister who is taking now a hard line with e

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