Former Reagan Press Secretary james brady, severely wounded in a 1981 assassination attempt, who subsequently became an ardent gun control advocate. He died today at age 73. Ifill those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Bae systems. Inspired work. And the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. And with the ongoing support of these institutions. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff fighting quieted across much of gaza for a time today, as israel declared a short truce. With negotiations to follow a halt in the gaza fighting that has killed almost 1900 palestinians and more than 60 israelis. The news came hours after israel observed its own short truce for part of the day. The brief unilateral ceasefire was designed, israelis said, to allow humanitarian aid into gaza. They all bring flour, rice and food stuffs that were ordered by the palestinians according to their needs. Woodruff the seven hour lull did not apply everywhere, but was supposed to enable at least some palestinians to return to their homes. Tens of thousands have been forced out by air strikes and heavy fighting. But hamas charged the israelis broke their own truce by striking a house in gaza city, killing an eightyearold girl, and injuring at least 30 others. translated we were having breakfast and suddenly we found ourselves in the middle of rubble. We pulled all of these people out from the rubble, as you can see. Woodruff elsewhere, eight palestinians from one family were killed in earlymorning shelling in beit lahiya, in gazas northern reaches. The ceasefire also did not cover rafah, on gazas southern border, where heavy fighting that began friday continued today amid widespread destruction. All of this, as much of the Israeli Ground force withdrew from gaza, while Aerial Bombardments continued. There were two other attacks today on the streets of jerusalem. A palestinian man rammed a bulldozer into a city bus near the dividing line between jewish west jerusalem and a predominantlyarab neighborhood in east jerusalem. The tractor made its way down the main road and flipped the bus over. At this moment in time, what we know from the Police Officers that arrived at the scene, opened fire one of the suspects. Woodruff a pedestrian was also killed in the incident. Separately, an israeli soldier in jerusalem was shot and seriously wounded. Meanwhile, there was more fallout from sundays israeli air strike on a United Nations school in rafah. Three suspected militants were killed, along with seven others lined up for food aid. It was only the latest such attack, and drew strong condemnations. U. N. Secretary general ban ki moon called it a moral outrage. The u. S. State department branded it disgraceful. Today, a white house spokesman explained the strong words. What that state Department Statement made clear, suspicion that militants are nearby doesnt justify strikes the put at risk the lives of civilians. Woodruff with reports from egypt that israel and hamas had accepted yet another ceasefire proposal. Woodruff in another development, the state department played down a report that israel intercepted phone calls by secretary of state john kerry last year. The account in the german magazine der spiegel said kerry used unsecured phones during a push for middle east peace talks. State Department Spokeswoman jen psaki. We have better disposal tools to secure phones for highly classified communication but there are also times we communicate less sensitive communication via open lines to World Leaders and others. We are fully aware of the possible risks. We will continue to use lyze open Communications Channels when appropriate and secure Communication Channels when necessary. Woodruff the magazine report said intelligence agencies in russia and china may also have listened in on kerrys calls. Ifill Lebanese Army soldiers advanced against islamist rebels from syria today, in a battle for a border town. The fighting around arsal began on saturday. Thousands of civilians and Syrian Refugees have fled the area since then. Woodruff rescue crews in Southern China dug out scores of survivors today from the rubble of a sunday earthquake. It killed at least 398 people, and wrecked 12,000 homes. Thousands of soldiers and local police have now joined the rescue operation. Theyre working against the clock as rain is expected to fall in the area over the next three days. Ifill a massive landslide in nepal is raising fears of flooding and causing Mass Evacuations in eastern india. The disaster happened saturday on a Mountain River 75 miles east of katmandu, the nepalese capital. The landslide, touched off by monsoon rains, blocked a river and formed a new lake. It now threatens to overflow and inundate villages where 125,000 people live, down river in india. Woodruff in northern california, two large wildfires have scorched nearly 100 square miles. The two fires, burning about eight miles apart, expanded from a National Forest onto private property over the weekend. It destroyed eight homes and forced the evacuation of a small hospital. Large fires are also burning in Southern Oregon and washington state. Ifill for the first time, the u. S. Army corps of engineers will have to disclose how much pollution its dams are sending into the nations waterways. The corps today settled a federal lawsuit in oregon, filed by the Conservation GroupColumbia River keeper. The group has said the corps failed to monitor Oil Discharges from eight dams in oregon and washington. Woodruff the u. S. Justice department issued a scathing report today on new york citys juvenile jails. It found a culture of violence at facilities that hold 16 to 18yearold offenders. Federal prosecutors said guards routinely use Excessive Force and violate inmates rights. New york mayor bill de blasio has promised to reform the jail system. Ifill on wall street, stocks made up a bit of last weeks lost ground; the Dow Jones Industrial average gained nearly 76 points to close at 16,569; the nasdaq rose 31 points to close near 4,384; and the s p 500 added more than 13 points to finish at nearly 1939. Woodruff still to come on the newshour searching for answers to toledos water woes. Economic hopes for africa during a Leaders Summit in washington. Health workers struggle to contain an ebola epidemic in west africa. A tribute to the fallen of world war i. And, remembering james brady, president ial spokesman, gun victim and gun control advocate. Ifill now, to the fallout from that big algae bloom in lake erie. Toledos mayor lifted a glass to end the water ban today, but even as he did, experts warned this episode spotlighted significant problems that remain for the great lakes. Im pretty thirsty right now because its been a long night. laughter applause ifill thats how toledo mayor Michael Collins told the people of his city its okay to start drinking the water again. Since saturday, 400,000 people in ohios fourthlargest city, and 30,000 in southeastern michigan, lined up for bottled water, because toxin levels in tap water were too high. Brushing teeth we use one bottle of water, everybody, we share it. Ifill the likely culprit was a massive algae bloom on lake erie, a bright green scum caused by high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous that can come from farm and lawn fertilizers. But new tests today came back without traces of the toxin. All six water tests came back with no problems whatsoever. Theres no discernible microcystin within these systems at this moment in time. We are lifting in conjunction with the ohio epa the no drink advisory. The water is safe. Algae blooms in lake erie are fairly common. 2011 saw one of worst ever, as the swirling green blooms extended all the way across the lake to canada. This years algae buildup has come earlier than usual and water officials warn it wont be the last. The issue really is a chronic issue and were going to keep on having this until we address the situation. Thats what we have to do. We have to get the funds and the resources in here to look at how do we stop this. Ifill the Economic Cost of the three day ban is still being calculated. Toledo officials said theyll be turning to the federal government for financial help. We get some further reporting and insight on all of this. Anna michalak is a scientist who works on global ecology at the Carnegie Institution for science at stanford university. She is a leading expert on the Water Quality and sustainability of the great lakes. And, Marlene Harris taylor is a reporter for the toledo blade. Marlene Harris Taylor r people calmer today . Yes, i would say people are definitely calmer in toledo today. Theres a sense of relief that the ban has been lifted and people can now drink water. But i think that there is still a little unease. Because people want a few more answers, gwen. Ifill what kind of answers are they looking for, just the cause of it or just what they should do . Well, the cause of it. As you mentioned in your report that this all started on saturday morning. What people are wondering is did city officials know before saturday that the levels had actually spiked. Like when did this actually start. And city officials have not over the weekend been very transparent about the actual numbers, the readings they are selfing from the epa. So people have a lot of questions about what were those final numbers . How did they actually descend over the weekend . And how did they make that final determination that it was all clear. And lastly, i think feel are still wondering is it really safe . Even though the mayor drank that glass of water there are some people who are really still skeptical and have been on social media saying im not sure i can drink this water. I think im going to stick with just bottled water that i have been collecting all weekend. Ifill anna michalak, lets talk about the signs, should people continue to be worried about what they are drinking . As was mentioned, i dont have access to the actual Water Quality reports from the lake. I think the broader issue is these tested blooms are happening at this point almost every year. And the last two years have been substantially larger than blooms weve seen before. So the question is how do we decipher all the factors that are contributing to these blooms becoming larger and larger in recent years. Ifill lets try to decipher a few of them here. We know in 200 2012 there was one larger than. And in fact officials are suggesting we may see more later this summer. What causes them to come, it feels like to the rest of us, out of nowhere. Or is it something that as the water official suggested, chronic. Correct, so 2011 saw the largest bloom by far than we had ever seen before. And in studying that bloom, what we understood is that its a combination of Management Practices on farm fields as well as meteorology. So were seeing more and more very heavy springtime precipitation events that wash fertilizers off its foomd and into the leak. And once theyre there, these fertilizers are essentially fertilizing the blooms. And when you combine that with warmer temperatures and wind conditions that are just right, you end up with consequences like the one you just saw in toledo. Ifill why is this happening in the great lakes . Are they more sus setable to this sort of thing than other bodies of water . A good question. Were actually seeing more and more impact of nutrient pollution around the u. S. , on the east coast, the west coast as well as inland. Within the great lake system, lake erie is particularly susceptible both because of how much phosphorous goes not lake and also just because of the physical characteristics of the lake itself. Ifill is there something that can be done to get the farms to use different kinds of pharmaceuticals on their crops or to get people to to expect this to happen every summer. Is there something february can do to anticipate this . I deally you what want is a winwin situation. So the farmers are really no more interested in the fertilizer ending up in the lake than we are. It is a waste of fertilizer and money from their perspective. The issue is to create measured practices that request somehow account for the changing features of meetology that we are seeing as Climate Change starts to really take hold. So the question how do we farm in a way that actually fertilizes the crops rather than fertilizing the blooms. Ifill so Marlene Harris taylor n toledo what are people first of all, how did people get the news. And then what did they do next . Are they being told what they should do or what precautions they should take . Are you personally taking precautions . Well, which news, the news that they couldnt drink or that they could drink today. Ifill all of it, actually. How did they receive which news. Okay, well, you know, it was really interesting because the news broke that we couldnt drink its water in the dead of the night. Most people were asleep when these readings spiked up at 2 a. M. I myself was woken by my sister who woke me up at 6 00 in the morning to tell me that she had seen this on social media, and that people were starting to run out to the stores and starting to hoarde water so, my husband and i went out and we had to search for waters for our family, for my haunsd two children. So over the weekend, as the days have gone on t went from initial, a panic oh my god, ive got to get water, to the next day by sunday people began to really be concerned about the elderly and the shutin and people who couldnt afford water, and peopleological started to channel their energy into these Distribution Sites that the city had seth i around town and started really coming together and helping others. And today now that we received the news as you showed from the mayor, finally saying that we can drink the water again, now the focus now is going to be what is next. Where do we go from here. Citys talking about a possibility of raising the water rates in toledo so they can do some updates to our distribution, our water cleaning system which is quite antiquated. Anna mitchal ak, i want to ask you whether there is a long term or shortterm solution for this annual bloom that were seeing . I think that shortterm solutions are going to be very difficult. Because each year is really different. And it depends not just on what the farmers are doing which of course is an important part of the equation, but also where does the rainfall look like that spring. Does it come at just the wrong time to flush that fertilizer into the lake. How soon does the lake get warm enough for these blooms to take hold. And so unfortunately in the short term its a matter of noticing things when they happen as quickly as possible so that you can react as toledo did. But in longerterm there is certainly some very serious conversations about how do we change the nutrient input into the lake so that even when the conditions are conducive to blooms, the impact is less than what we are seeing today. Ifill anna michal ak, and Marlene Harris taylor, thank you both very much. Woodruff now to a closer look at a continent in transition as an historic white house summit kicks off today in the nations capital. Tight security and a Large Police Presence marked the start of the u. S. africa Leaders Summit in washington. Nearly 50 heads of state and many other officials are attending. One goal for the Obama Administration is to use the event to begin catching up to china, which, in 2009, eclipsed the u. S. As africas biggest trading partner. On friday, president obama touted the potential, including some one billion dollars in business deals being announced this week. Ive had conversations over the last several months with u. S. Businesses, some of the biggest u. S. Businesses in the world, and they say, africa, thats one of our top priorities; we want to do business with those folks, and we think that we can create u. S. Jobs and send u. S. Exports to africa, but weve got to be engaged, and so this gives us a chance to do that. Woodruff africa already boasts many of the worlds Fastest Growing economies. And is home to major deposits of gold, oil and other resources. Theres also a huge potential work force, in 2010, 70 of africans were under the age of 30. But parts of the continent remain beset by violence, corruption and human rights abuses. In libya, rival militias continue battling for control of tripolis international airport. And in south sudan, hundreds of thousands face hunger, many of them fleeing fighting between the government and rebels. The Central African republic, eritrea, sudan and zimbabwe were not invited to the summit because theyre suspended from the African Union or under u. S. Sanctions. The president s of liberia and sierra leone are also staying home to deal with the Ebola Outbreak in their nations. Earlier today i spoke with former new york city mayor Michael Bloomberg and commerce secretary Penny Pritzker about africas economic pr