Rose we continue with a conversation of Mark Phillips of cbs news london. I think were at a crisis in journalism now, not just tv journalism, and i think its been illustrated being illustrated now in the course of the president ial Election Campaign here, was illustrated in the course of the brexit referendum campaign, were applying rules that served us well of fairness and balance and letting the two sides make their arguments and presenting it in the same way we have historically covering politics in the western world. Rose and we conclude with reid hoffman, part two of a conversation about the future of technology. If someone described facebook before it existed, you would have thought it seems like an awful invasion of privacy, yet over a billion people every day using this, sharing experiences and pictures. That being said, what i think it is key is to surface the issues to Pay Attention to them and try to navigate the technology to get most of the benefit. Rose Space Exploration, a career in journalism and the future of Technology Part two, when we continue. Rose funding for charlie rose has been provided by the following and by bloomberg, a provider of multimedia news and Information Services worldwide. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Rose as the week ended, so did the 12year flight to have the rosetta, the first spacecraft to successfully orbit a comet and early friday morning sent one last batch of images and landed on that comet and powered down. Joining me from washington, Rachel Feltman of the washington post, and dr. Michelle thaller of n. A. S. A. And Daniela Hernandez to have the wall street journal. Welcome one and all. Its so good to have three women here to talk about science, and i look forward to it. Its such a great story. Super exciting. Rose let me begin with dr. Tharl, tell me about rosetta, what was it about . And what did we learn from it . Comets are exciting. People know theyre large balls of ice and rock but i dont think people understand how scientifically valuable they are. Theyre actually time capsules. Theyre bits of planets that were never made into anything larger. So when our solar system was forming billions of years ago, bits were left over that became comets and astroids. When you sample a comet you have a chance of seeing what the solar system was like billions of years ago, where our chemistry came from and the history of where we are. Whats interesting about rosetta, there is beauty of the images, but the water in our bodies are more like in the astroids and comets. Were piecing together the origin of life. Rose this was a 12year flight . The launch was in 2004, yep. Rose lets talk about the touchdown. That sounds amazing to me. Isnt it amazing . Rose yes. There was the phi the end of time. Rose this handing must have been very difficult to land on a comet . Well, they had practice before, as dr. Thaller said. The philae landed back in 2014. That was not without its dramatic moment, of course. The scientists wanted it to land on a flat surface so that it wouldnt bounce around and leave the comet, because it doesnt have as much of a gravitational pull as earth. But as they discovered later, it actually bounced around a little bit. This time, theyre not able to likely know exactly what happened to it now that its on the comet because the link back its communication link back to us is now severed. Rose whats most surprising about this, then . About rose this Successful Mission and landing on the comet . Is it the landing or the data that they have gained or understanding something about the way i think its both. Rose things work . Something that came to be after many, many years of dreaming that Something Like this could happen, the idea for this mission goes back to the 1970s. It wasnt approved until the 1990s, and then it finally took off in 2004 2004. We are now trying to land and mine astroids for business purposes and this gives us clues as to how we can go about doing that. As dr. Thaller said, the data that came back, the linkage to the beginning of time is interesting and beautiful. I love a lot about thisry . At story. You know, i have been following it since the orbiter started to orbit the comet a couple of years ago and, you know, that that philae landing was fantastic. It captured the publics interest. People have been more engaged with this comet than otherwise because people got attached to the lander and invested in the story when it went missing. Its wrapped up nicely. Its very recently they actually located the lander in its final resting place, and one thing i love about the end of the Rosetta Mission is that it sounds like a waste of a billiondollar spacecraft that crashed into a comet, but its actually a perfect way to end the mission. The comet is on the outward leg of the orbit. As the spacecraft got farther away, it would have lost the sunlight it needed to power its system. So instead of watching it slowly die or hoping five years from now they would weight up again, they decided to send it on a final nose dive into a particularly interesting active part of the comet, so the data they got in the landing today will attribute the body of knowledge we have about this comet and comets in general. So its an awesome way to send off a Successful Mission. Rose i want to remind the viewers that the comet is moving at 80,000mileperhour, so coming down on top of something moving 80,000mileperhour. Dr. Thaller, helps us understand more about comets. What happens when they approach the sun . What do we learn from them and why are they important . This is one of the main goals of the Rosetta Mission waso to observe a comet as it cloms closer to the sun. A lot of people know comets have beautiful tails and the tails happen when the gases begin to warm up and sublime and hang around and the solar wind blows the tail out. Thats usually what you see associated with the comet is this beautiful long tail. The amazing thing about this mission is we were there for the beginning of the process. We were there as it approached the sun, as it became more active. We saw jets of gas coming off the comet. So this was a ringside seat to understanding the process of what creates that tail. So that was one of the more exciting things for me as day by day as it got closer to the sun, you would see more activity and more dramatic things going on. Rose this is a reminder. Two things happened this week. We also were reminded by elon musk that hes going to try to go to mars and try to send spacecraft to mars and people to mars at some point in the future, and then this remarkable landing on a comet by rosetta, i mean, this says one more time that the exploration of the skies is continuing, you know. There have been this constant exploration of what we dont know is continuing even though it might not have had as much attendant publicity when certain sending up spacecraft to land on the moon and tall attendant publicity with all of that. Yes . Well, you know, one of the things for me is the advent of social media kind of changed what publicity means. I was very impressed by the fact when we flew by pluto about year ago, we had a social media footprint of over 12 billion, which means billions of people around the world actually came back more than once to learn about the mission. So its true in the apollo days things were being talked about in the united states, things were sort of frontpage news, but im very proud of the fact that we have a very, very broad reach now and, so, the evolution ive enjoyed seeing and the European Space agency took wonderful advantage of this with rosetta and n. A. S. A. Went along with this as well. I love the social Media Presence of this. Rose n. A. S. A. Was involved in what they . N. A. S. A. Contributed three of the instruments, we collaborated on a fourth treatment and a number of project scientists and all that. But as far as social media, they have cartoon characters for the orbiter and the lander and everything that was happening, these characters would show you what was going on. I hate to say, i got sort of emotionally attached to them, the Philae Lander went the to sleep and kind of tucked itself in, i found myself choking back tears there. They got me emotionally involved in the mission. I love the social media program. Rose are we going to change and learn new things about the formation of the universe and the relationship between well, we learned quite a pit of things already. For example, we we learned there were amino acids on the comet that maybe helped seed life on earth. Scientists dont think there was life on these comets, but when they crashed on to earth, maybe they brought with them a starter pack for life. Rose a startup back for life . Exactly. Right now, one of the compounds is found in lots of proteins. You also have phosphorous being brought by things like this, and thats involved in the dna makeup. So you have these elements that link us back to the beginnings of the universe, and there is tons and tons of data images that the rosetta spacecraft took that the scientists will continue to analyze for years to come. Rose associated peres wrote and ill ask you about this, rachel, the Associated Press wrote should earth ever be threatened by an astroid, the experience gained from the Rosetta Mission would prove valuable. Yeah, so, you know, in general, you know, when we talk about flying space rocks, you know, we want to understand how they are, how they behave during their orbit. You know, one thing thats interesting is that, when we look at astroids near earth and, you know, the upcoming astroidrelated missions that nay is a has n. A. S. A. Planned you know, theyre going to grab a piece of an astroid or redirect an astroid and a big part of the mission is understanding the way those bodies interact with the sun as they come closer to it. For example, we know that when these bodies warm up, it changes their trajectory a little bit, but we dont quite understand that well enough to factor that into, you know, models of how close they might get which is often why there is kind of a large margin of error when youre talking about how likely it is for something to hit earth. So just understanding how these things are composed, you know, how they came to be, how they act when theyre close to the sun, will really help us, first of all, determine whether or not something was actually a threat. Also if we get good at having spacecraft that can successfully orbit or land on these bodies means were more likely to be able to interact with them in a way that would stop them from colliding with earth. Rose what is the most tantalizing question for you about Space Exploration . Ill start with you, michelle. Right. Well, you know, the reason we do Space Exploration really is to look for our own origins. Were trying to find a bit of our own history out there, all the way back from the big bang to the formation to have the solar system, and comets are a really, really important piece of that puzzle. We have a sample of what you were like, what your molecules were like and the conditions were like a billion years ago. Im looking for the story of why am i talking to you and how did the universe make that happen . Rose rachel . Im exciting about the upcoming planned mission to uropa in 2022 and looking at the moons in our own solar system that have the Global Oceans on them that for all we know could be full of weird microbial life. To me, its exciting when we talk about other planets and so ther solar systems, but the idea that, you know, we might be able to find life so close to home or not find life, even though all the conditions that should support it exist, is so intriguing, and i cant wait until were far enough along to answer those questions. Rose exactly. And for you . Im a huge traveler, so for me its the idea that perhaps, in my lifetime, i will be able to pay maybe a couple hundred thousand dollars or less to get into space and see rose you want to go . I want to go. I want to go up there and see the earth and the moon. Rose me, too, because anybody whos seen it says its like nothing you cant imagine the experience of seeing the perspective of there is earth. I get choked up just seeing glaciers, so seeing the earth from above would be spectacular. Rose thank you all. Its a pleasure to have you on this program and know all you. You whet my appetite to know more about exploration of space. So thank you for joining us. My pleasure. Great to be here. Rose well be right back. Astay with us. Rose Mark Phillips is here, hes senior Foreign Correspondent for cbs news and one of the most respected journalists in the news room. His unique style of writing blends accuracy and at tod with a little humor mixed in on the side. His catalog of work earned him the respect of his peers and been recognized with multiple emmys and in 2013 the edward r. Murrow award. He covered the sir yrn refugee crisis to the royal family. Heres a look at some of his many reports. A sleeping princess not ten hours old when she left the hospital with her parents, it may be a while before any prince charming arrives to wake her, but if she had opened her eyes, she would have seen what would have become a familiar sight, hundreds hundreds of people looking at her. Are you telling people are richer. Financial markets are rubbish. I used to work in them. The queen doesnt only understand the job, royal author Robert Hardeman said she defined it. The queen is not elected. Shes there to b not to do. And she has been just about everywhere and met just about everyone. Nice to see you again. Those who have been dealing with the crisis on the ground, like francesca rocka of the red cross, arent holding out much hope for a quick solution. Something that must be solved. This week we will have again another meeting, we are awaiting, every week there is a meeting but no response from the meeting, nothing happens. Nothing happens because the arithmetic doesnt add up. If you take the numbers of all the migrants various countries agreed to accept, that still doesnt account for all of the migrants who are already in europe and there are more coming. Rose Mark Phillips has been based in the London Bureau more than two decades. Please to have had him here. He is a colleague and highly respected on the part of me and my colleagues at the cbs this morning program. Welcome. Thank you very much. Rose can you think of anything you would rather do . Other than go sailing . Anything workwise that i could live on . Rose make a comparable income. No, i could not think of a career that i would have rather had than the one i have had. You know, its not all gallivanting around for the worlds garden spots, i will say that. Rose some of them can be like hell. Some of them are hell. And the hours are crazy because if you work overseas, you know, youre up until midnight, 1 00 in the morning doing the evening news, then your show in the morning early enough and that kind of thing, but, no, its been pretty satisfying. Rose is it simply storytelling that you love . Its finding out stuff, which i guess amounts to the same thing, and figuring out how to get across what it is that youre witnessing, and not just that, but even more important, what your witnessing means, not just to the people there but in the audience back here. Rose you did a little q a with the people at cbs, and i read the transcript of that. laughter i must do that. Rose heres what came out of it, a great accepts of the explanatory role of journalism, connect events to the lives of people. That kind of thing, so that its not just the shock of the new, its the meaning of the new. Yeah, i think i think we all recognize in television that its not the best medium for explaining stuff. Its too easy to rely on the emotional. Its a closeup medium, the crying, tearstained babys face rose the face of victim. It is the journalism of victimhood because, a, its the thing you see and its a lot easier to put that picture on the air and let it tell its story than it is to get into the reasons why that kid is in that situation. Rose people constantly say to me, why so many fires and why so many floods . Well rose can you explain why . Its not just in tv, there is a tendency right through the media in journalism generally of if it bleeds it leads maxim, but there is also the responsibility if youre there to tell people not just whats going on but why its going on. Rose the London Bureau is legendary within the halls of cbs. It goes back to murrow, you won that award, goes through colinwood and great producers and correspondents. I mean, there is something there. There is. I think its a very special place within the company and within the business. It was effectively the first Foreign Bureau established by murrow in the war yearser. Rose he was then radio. Yes. Rose is london the place you would most rather live . I think the more places you live, the more you would like to live in a place with the good things of all the placous did live. Theres no Perfect Place but london is a nice place to call home. Rose if you were there during the years that went from brezhnev to gorbachev to i had three general secretaries. Rose and a andropov. And i had 13 months of cehnanko and the gorbachev thing. It was a a whirlwind when i was there and during the period when you could see the bits falling off the system, the dissident system was very active at that point, Street Market were being set up, there was a desperate attempt to keep the system together on the part of gorbachev again realizing, he said later, it was a losing cause. So yes, it was a terrific time to be there. Rose interesting, at cbs news, one of the meaningful moments when i was so new, i did night watch and cherniko died and i had to announce the death to the world from cbs news in washington. So i thought, there i was, we opened to moscow and there was the kremlin, and i thought, my god, and i had a longstanding interest in russia, have interviewed