We conclude with a conversation with douglas brinkleyly whose new book is called the nixon tapes, 1971 to 1972. He didnt like a lot of people. Really, nixon hated the harvard and the yale crowd. Im always amazed to see how Hard Scrabble he had it, how he tried to compensate by talking barnyard language or making racial slurs because he thought that would shock people. Certainly kennedy told all sorts of offcolored jokes, but theyre not on tape. Some president s like Ronald Reagan didnt go there. The african summits and the nixon tapes when we continue. Funding for charlie rose is provided by the following. Additional funding provided by and by bloomberg, a provider of multimedia and News Services worldwide. From our studios in new york city this is charlie rose. You have heard in the days of this summit that it is historic, that it can change things. But African Leaders are here. And i want to hear from them in terms of the significance of this conference and what you expect and would you need and how you see what you have been hearing here. This conference is significant in the sense that, one, its the first of its kind. First ever you have a u. S. Africa summit, bringing all African Leaders together. Because the u. S. Has relations with other countries gathered here, we receive development assistance. But the meeting that brings together the u. S. Government and the u. S. Private sector, this is something unique. And we have a lot of expectations, because we want to move not only a relationship of a donor and the recipient, but we want to move to the next level now, of investment and faith. And may colleagues can compliment, many of us have been visiting the United States, doing road shows in many towns, investment forums, talk to u. S. Businessmen, and we have not been as successful. I think this time, the president of the United States, the Vice President , secretary of state, secretary of commerce, encouraging the u. S. Business community to take africa seriously. I think this time we will make it. I think that our States Africa states are extremely interested in promoting relationship with the United States with the American Business community. Because if we want to solve social and economic problems, we badly need the support of the United States and the mesh Business Community. But i must say also that we have to learn from history, and this is the occasion to learn from history. Let me think let me try to imagine the problem from the perspective of african woman, arrest i will can citizens. For them, of course, its very important that the figures are better, that there is an improvement of the faith between the United States and africa and so forth. But i think what is most important for the citizens is to improve the quality of life, to get better services, have education, and so forth. And sometimes, you know, having an important Business Community doesnt mean automatically that life would improve. For instance, we can see in africa what has been seen in many other countries, widening the gap between rich and poor, pollution and so forth. So we have to have to keep this in mind and to be sure that improvement the Business Climate improves and the economic figures and so forth. Thats not enough for the african credit 70s. We have to link and this is the main lesson that we have to learn from history and the experience of other countries we have to link social development, political development, and the economic development. Otherwise, we are going to make the same errors that have been made elsewhere. And then i wouldnt say it would be nothing, because, of course, if we do improve the faith of tens of millions of people, its important, like whats happened in china, for instance. But thats not enough. The lesson that we have to draw from what happens is that really we have to link social economics. That means social justice. Political development. That means democracy, and fighting against corruption, and then the economic development. If we dont link those three factors, what we are going to have is, well, another situation leading to another crisis, leading to another crisis, and we will never end with it. I think that this offers an opportunity for us, as African Leaders to interact firstlily with the government firstly with the government, and second with the Business Community in the United States. That is very important. I also think it came at the right time when africa is, in fact, organizing itself better than before in terms of how economically it is looking at itself, how it is developing necessary things like infrastructure, how it is looking in itself, the trade in africa which puts it in a better position. But also it came at an opportune moment when, as you know. The goal is a very clear instrument of our relationship is left with one year to elapse, and were saying we have an opportunity to deal with those issues, to put our views to the United States that would want the extension of a goal so that we could have a better kind of relationship between us. I would like very seriously to tell you how much i appreciate the initiative of president obama to call for this meeting between africa and the United States. Its an historical opportunity which should allow us to confirm the change of perspective towards a vision of africa, africa which used to need aid. Im going to give an example. The magazine the economist in may 2000, its headline was with a picture, of course, a young guy, and it said africa at war, and it said, the hopeless continent. 10 years later the same magazine, the economist, had a title about growth in africa, and it said, a lion in a cage, and the title was, uncaging the lion. So this image, within 10 years, shows you how africa has changed. Together, we must modify this structure here. The Business Community of the United States would feel more at ease, more confident in order to work with the african private sector. First of all, in africa. Africa is a huge continent. There is room for everybody. Americans, europeans, chinese, you name it. Everybody has its place in africa. It is an africa of over a continent over 30 million square kilometers. Everything has to be made. Roads, railways. There is opportunity for both africans and the rest of the world. Africa must no longer be seen as a land of humanitarian emergency or diseases, for instance. Even if right now we are facing a terrible epidemic, ebola, but these things will need to be treated. The world must be optimistic towards after i will could. People are talking about patterning globally and locally. Global and local together, as the best way of creating a partnership. And i want to add that people also are talking about the growth by continent of africa. Even when there are known problems that are talked about. For example, lack of electricity, lack of power. And somebody is saying, imagine what would happen in terms of these growth rates across africa if there was no shortage of power. Could you talk about many other things. So through this partnership i think many jobs that exist in africa today, whether its technology, business, trade investment, the benefits that come with that, and these jobs being filled, just imagine what is going to be unleashed in terms of growth as well as development. But, of course, we have to be there have to be grounds on which growth can translate into development. So each of those in the partnership have responsibilities and roles to play. From the outside, we still to have do more of providing for business, ease of doing business. We have to continue investing in creating rule of law. We have to continue providing education to our people and the skill. Many things, including health, in addition to education. Still this growth will continue for many ahead. A story that was referenced on the front pages of newspapers around the world is the ebola crisis. Theres some concern that is beg expressed loudly of a tipping point. Tell me what your fears are. Right now the epidemic is in west africa. Tanzania is in east africa. But planes go from yeah, not only that, but there was an Ebola Outbreak in the congo, which borders tan is a knee i cant. There was an outbreak in uganda, which borders tanzania. Response. Thats just in case there is a report 0 of a possible ebb bo la outbreak or ebola affected perp. We do the analysis and evaluation, then confirm it. So we are more taking precautions, just in case. As rightly said, people travel. Is there, in any of your judgment, a sense that there is a misconception about africa in terms of specific countries with respect to that . Is there something that you think that the Business Community and the private sector may have a misconception about or badly informed . Theres a perception, and theres reality. The perception of the business world, the global world, the political world on african democracy, on Good Governance is the wrong perception. Because what you see in the media, in one, two, or three countries is not whats going on in the rest of the continent. Remember that africa is 54 countries. In full evolution. Theyre all trying on a dayto day basis to build a long lasting democracy, organizing transparent elections. Thats the roll in africa today. There are exceptions, here, there, two or three cases. This should not be the image that you have of after i will could. And i keep pleading to say that the negative vision that you might have, because in this country or the other theres a problem, it is an unfair vision of africa. The global dynamic in africa is democracy. Democracy is installing itself. There are exceptions. That can happen. But africa is a continent where the majority of countries have had its independence not quite 20 years ago. Look at the largest of our countries, south after i will could. 91. Take all the countries of this region. Kenya, 1963. In less than three years we would like for the country to be complete . Its asking too much. Deeply democratic. No less democratic than an american or european but i fully understand the history of each company and the history of each nation. Lets be fair towards these people in africa, towards these african countries which are trying to have a democratic process. Thats what you should remember. Today you have the rule of law in africa. You have press freedom in africa. You have the freedom to create a company, a business. Yes, theres corruption. Theres corruption everywhere else. And our will is to fight very strongly against corruption. So you have to be optimistic on africa. You have to start to fight for development. And i call upon American Businessmen to come to africa. Theres no more risk than anywhere else, no more than other continents. And your Real Investment is much higher. The ebola virus. Let me say how big is my solidarity towards the victims. Im a neighbor of guinea. Im almost a neighbor of sierra leone. We are in the crucible, the eye of it. But i will say that ebola is a devastating virus. It is not an african disease. You have to see this virus as a threat against humanity. It is a threat against humanity because with intercontinental flights, all you need is a flight to the u. S. Or to europe so that you have a world crisis, a total crisis. So we have to mobilize the entire community, all the scientists in the world. All the researchers have to work in order to win. Just like we did it for the plague, tb, like aids is being vanquished. So it is this solidarity to support the victims. I think even through a Partnership Like this one, provided by the opportunity, africa, we need to continue building our capacity and strengthening our institutions to enable us to avoid dependence that has been there for too long. But you have to avoid that by building capacity and cooperation and integration, people walking together. So that we are able to own up to our weaknesses, and own up to our solutions and contributing to our success so we cant even tell our story. You find we even depend on others to tell our story. So thats how this has come about. I really think there is not much time to waste, as time goes with africa, in terms of building this consensus, this walking together, this owning up, so that we cooperate and partner with others, rather than being too dependent on them. So this is an opportunity we have in front of us to leverage this partnership and address that particular program. Thank you very much indeed. Firstlily, i would like to agree with my brothers. Let us take ebola as a disease that is affecting humanity. Rather than just look at it as an african problem. Fortunately i said earlier, africa is organizing itself. Even the Health Organization continentally are working together. Thats why were confident that this time around we are working together to address this problem of ebola. But i must also say there is an unfortunate thing that africa is a project in a particular way. At times out of perception. Even countries that are fighting corruption, the very fact that they are fighting corruption is a story that theres more corruption in those countries. Thats a problem you have. Africa is organized. We discuss many of these issues together in the au. Much of it is far better than 20 years ago. We share everything together. We take resolutions, where we say, lets deal with this challenge that faces us today. I think it is important for people to look at africa and see that africa is changing. Theres a good story that is coming out of the continental effort in terms of working together, understanding our problem. The point of owning up to what in the past could have been mistakes. Today i think we stand a better chance to better ourselves. That is why we appreciate this opportunity, because we have been in a position to tell our own story rather than people telling the story for us. Exactly. I spoke at the International Press club. There was an event i was invited. One of the things i said is that the africa of today is not the africa of yesterday or the day before yesterday. Africa has changed. The african economy is performing better today. Six of the ten Fastest Growing economies are in africa. The period between 2011 and 2015, it is projected that seven out of the 10 Fastest Growing economies will be in africa. But why are we there . Because of strong pursuit of sound economic policy. Also, the pursuit of sound political policy. That is, democracy has taken root. Government is enshrined. There is stronger commitment now to fight vices in society. Corruption, drug trafficking, drug abuse, whatever. It is more respectful of human rights. There are fewer conflicts on the continent today. When i say this, that does not mean except, of course, there are a few hot spots. When you look today what is happening, the conflict areas in africa, they dont compare with the past. So fortunately this is the good story which is not being told. I dont think thats true. Thats not true, i dont think. I think there is concern about no, no, but this is the perception. If there is a problem so i dont know when is africa going to get out of being perceived, if there is a problem in one country africa is a continent. There are 54 countries. They are different in terms of culture, in terms of particular situations. So until we get to a situation where africa will be seen in the 54 countries that exist, we will not get out of it. I have one final question. They said please go to the final question. We are out of time and over time, but you raised the question of security. There is some concern about security. We do read about highly publicized stories, boka haram and 200 children. We know about the respect for boundaries. What do any of you want to say about security in africa today as part of the message you want to convey to this audience here . Anyone . Africa is more secure today than it was many years ago. If i may mention the problem areas, you have some areas which used to have a huge conflict. Now the situation is much better. But alshabaab has not been eliminated. From time to time they will ignite a bomb here, a bomb there. They have had a problem in the food, nutrition. Its much better now than it was in the past. But the situation is much better now than what it was in the past. Im sorry, we still have problems in africa. We still have huge problem in africa, sudan, where people are starving. There is a terrible situation in sudan. We have a terrle situation in the northern part of mali. Africa, of course, is much more secure than before, but we are still facing challenge, an important challenge on the matter of security, and we have to Work Together as africa. This is what were trying to do about the problems of libya, to secure this country together. We have to face the problems, and we have to Work Together. Yes, we have this problem, but we are able to control it, and we are going to control it, just to give the Business Community what it sees as more security and stability. We reached a stage in africa where almost you could count two problematic areas. I think what has influenced particularly in Northern Africa has been the thing that affected the countries in the north. But what has become an important fact, we have discussed this as leaders. You have countries that have volunteered to establish an instrument, a reform instrument, which we are waiting on, in two months time, by october, we will be launching, so that we have taken the principles of african problems and african solutions. We are now, on the basis of that, taking a decision that are not going to allow any of this in the continent. We are taking this upon ourselves. I think that in itself is an important story that the world should know. Thank you. [ applause ] o