Transcripts For KQED Charlie Rose 20140408

Or transcend or whatever. Charlie we continue this evening with Tilda Swinton, her new film is called only lovers left alive. I was very grateful to have known the wonderful Michael Powell at the end of his life, and i once had a very meaningful moment with him when i had flown over from home to new york and i met him in the evening and he said, what was on the plane . Was there a good film on the plane . And i said, no. He said, what was it . And i said, batman, i think it was one of the first. He said, youre wrong, that is a good film because i hav it makes own world. Any film that makes its own world is a good film. And i swallowed that an and digested that ever since and absolutely believe hes right. Charlie we conclude with an appreciation for Peter Mattheissen a good friend of this program who died saturday april 5. Theres a deeper truth in fiction. You see, you can get at a deeper truth. When youre stuck with the facts, there is only so far you can go and youre stretching, really, your responsibilities as a writer, whereas in fiction, you can go anywhere you want and, also, you never know where youre going so its energizing and thrilling. Charlie Steven Soderbergh, scott burns, Tilda Swinton and an appreciation of Peter Mattheissen next. Theres a saying around here you stand behind what you say. Around here, we dont make excuses, we make commitments. And when you cant live up to them, you own up and make it right. Some people think the kind of accountability that thrives on so many streets in this country has gone missing in the places where its needed most. But i know youll still find it, when you know where to look. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Charlie Steven Soderbergh is one of our great directors over the past 25 years, movies like sex, lies and videotape, traffic and the oceans franchise. He worked with screen writer scott z. Burns, together brought us side effects, contagen and performens. The lib follows a 16yearold girl in the aftermath of a deadly High School Shooting as she strug tolls tell her story of what happened, written by scott z. Burns and directed by Steven Soderbergh. I am pleased to have them at this table, welcome. Thanks. Charlie lets begin at the beginning, how this began, because there was some effort in hollywood to make a movie out of columbine which you were a part of, i guess. Well, i read the book and i know stephen was reading it around the same time and even though no one was eager to jump in and make it a film, there was one part of the entire columbine story i hadnt been aware of it until i read daves book and i sort of stayed after it and decided that even though maybe it wasnt going to be a movie it could make a really great play. Charlie and you suggested that to mr. Soderbergh . I started writing it. After we finished doing side effects, i said, you know, do you have any interest working on a play . He said, if youre asking, then im saying yes. Charlie thats sort of what i was looking for, yes. Because you wanted you directed a couple before. Yeah, the third thing ive done well, i wanted to do this one because it was so tied into conversations that scott and i had had over the years about our primal need for stories. This is how we make sense of everything. I mean, what i said to scott was, think of what most of your life consists of. Something happens to you, you tell somebody about it. Something happens to them, they tell you about it. Thats most of your life. Charlie yes. And this was about the danger of putting the story in front of or placing the story, giving ate priority thats over the truth in an effort to heal or transcend or whatever, and this charlie everybody has their own motivator. Yeah, we do. Were all trying to figure out reasons to get up in the morning and keep going, and thats fine, but in this situation these competing narratives create a really destructive debate within a community and, so, i said yes because i thought we have been preparing for this for a long time. Charlie the larger point is what is truth . I think its what is truth and what happens when people become trapped within their own nare tye and do we ever their own narrative and what can we do to get outside of that and without the empathy that getting outside of that requires, do we ever move any closer to understanding. Charlie i mean, this is not related but, at the same time, it sort of has this idea. You know, the bob woodward technique for writing his books, he gets one person thats in the room and they tell him what they saw and heard. He then uses that to get another person to say what you saw or heard because they think he already knows the story, i might as well tell my side and you come up with a mosaic of what actually happened in the meeting. Exactly. So everybody has a different motivation, a different agenda. Some of the people in that room may be driven by a certain ideology and, so, at what point, if youre bob woodward, youre kind of going on instinct about whose story is going to get primecy within the scene you recreate, and thats tricky. If youre off course 3 degrees, youre way off in the course of a book. Charlie i went to law school and there are things that happened. Sometimes they will have somebody come in, explode the classroom and run out, is a common classroom technique and everyone has to describe what they saw and heard and its vastly different. Red shirt, brown shirt . Black or tan slacks . Everything. And thats just a classroom. Imagine a situation in which theres gunfire and your life is threatened and theres tear gas and somebodys trying to get out of you exactly what you saw, exactly what you heard, and then youre talking about a 16yearold, you know, whos got other issues in her life going on besides that. Charlie which affect the truth. Set up the scene you wrote, scott. The shooting takes place in a high school library, and there is a shooter who comes in, and he has a motivation for doing that but, like a number of things in the play, the motivation becomes very subjective for all the people who are affected by the shooting and, so, we dont really learn for quite a while exactly what was driving the shooter. But more importantly, theres an incident that happens, and i dont want to give away the play, but theres an incident that happens within the library and theres a girl whos wounded who survives whos played by chloe grace moretz, and its sort of her journey about how does one get their truth told and listened to when there are other people who are claiming great amounts of pain or suffering who also have truths they want to get told. Charlie with your admonishmen, i dont want to give it away either, but theres someone whos killed. Several people. Charlie yeah, in different places. Yeah. Charlie and they have parents, and their parents are invested in their child, and thats their prism for seeing everything. Absolutely. Well, in order to deal with an unspeakable tragedy, again, off parent who construction you have a parent who construction a narrative who somehow makes this livable, and the problem is charlie livable their narrative charlie it softens the impact to have the tragedy. The parent didnt just show up the day after the shooting. They have the narrative that began long before the shooting with their child and spouse, so how does this event integrate into that. Charlie so everyone is affected by what their life was before they were at that moment. Yes. Charlie and police play a role because theyre interrogator and theyre intimidating. The media plays a role. The fact we live in a world with unfiltered content that quickly can masquerade as truth plays a role. Charlie and you also put this in the context of media today, and what do you believe . Well, as im sure youve seen, its, in many outlets, youd rather be first than right. So this is a situation in which thats happening in a big way, and the affect it has on the lead character is pretty intense. Charlie what drove you to want to do this theme . I dont know. I think it just grew out of these conversations scott and i would have about why we cant seem to solve more problems in the world. Charlie because we see them differently. Well, because of cheese these competing narratives. Charlie i thought this was important this is not quite on target for negotiators and people like Henry Kissinger have said you have to begin by expressing clearly what you want and communicating to the other side you understand where theyre coming from, you know, that theyre getting a hearing within you as the world they see. Oh, i think thats absolutely true and very much what the play is about and very much was part of the conversation scott and i were having, because youre talking about empathy and the ability to understand why somebody is asking you for the thing theyre asking you for. So thats why, when he brought this play to my attention, the idea that he was going to do it, it seems these are things that run throughout the three films that weve made together. It seems perfectly in line with those. Charlie the detective moretz am i saying that right, chloe grace moretz . Mmhmm. Charlie the detective says, i think, over time, the difference between what people said or did and what they wish theyd said or did tends to grow, the difference grows. I think so. I think thats true. Especially in a situation like this in which theres trauma. Charlie yeah. Its interesting, too, to bring another tangent into this. It is said that president reagan would talk about the war in such graphic terms but it was basically what he had done in los angeles and that, somehow, what actually happened and what he would describe had become fused. That doesnt surprise me, but i also know that he was the Television Movie the day after was one of the primary reasons he started in on this idea of speaking with the soviets about disarm mament. Charlie exactly. That he was so affected by the movie that he said we have to do something about this. Charlie before the conversations with gorbachev, they would make movies about soviet history for him to piece it together because that was the way that he learned. More so than reading a lot of books. We both read the Nicholson Baker book. Charlie what if world war ii had ended differently. Well, it was really about all of these stories that i was unaware of them that had been told about the Second World War and this ala alternative history that we werent taught, and i think there is a kind of narrative drift that occurs after an event that exists mainly because it suits somebodys agenda, you know, for the story to begin to morph. Charlie so creating a theater piece. You know, tell me what you called on to create this as a theater piece in terms of music, how you use music, in terms of the darkness of the space, in terms of speaking to the camera not the camera direct address, yeah, exactly. My job as i saw it was to try and make this as visual as possible and then bring whatever tools i could from that other job into the theater and create a sense of editing that you dont typically see in a theater piece. Charlie how do you edit the theater piece . Well, i think you will some day get a look at that. Because i wanted it to be sort of seamless and i wanted it to you know, as we talked about, the hardest thing the biggest difference between the job that we did before and the job that were doing right now charlie in terms of making a movie about present ag preo play. Is how to present a closeup. If youre in a movie, you just go there. If youre on stage you have to direct everyones attention to that space. Charlie how do you do that . Through a combination of composition and lighting. You know, staging so what i knew i didnt want to do is make a piece that was representational, meaning im going into a medium in which it would be, to me, boring to have somebody show up and go, wow, that couch looks like a real couch, because why i do that when i make a movie. So, in this case, the number of scenes within the play required me to be able to change locations in an instant, and the only way to do that is to create a sort of abstract space in which light and composition are your sort of way of transporting people. Charlie and you went from games to row. I was going strictly talk about stories, i had never seen one of his exhibits. Charlie but . But ive heard people describe them. Them. But i have no idea whether its like that. Charlie have you tried to investigate . Im definitely not seeing one of the exhibits now. Charlie you wanted to make sure you didnt take from him and not your own imagination. What we appropriate from him and we believe is light is an emotional thing. We have an emotional response to light, the quality, the intensity, the color, the juxtaposition of it when you use two different colors, its a very efficient way to emotionally affect people. Charlie do you use light to accentuate the sound of gunfire . Yeah. Charlie you use dark a lot. Yeah, its a very its a moody piece. There have been some complaints, but i think its kind of its just were up to something different. Charlie youve said to me, look, it will be a different play by the time it opens. Right. Charlie how will bit different . One of the things weve learned and this is a big difference between film is steven has always included me in the postprocess on the movies weve done together, and the postprocess gets advanced into the preview process in a play because there is no postprocess on a play. So, normally, the editing and the sound and all of that, you have an opportunity when you preview a play to look at it and go, that line didnt really work, or were getting a laugh there and i dont want a laugh there, and normally you could cut that out in the editing room, but what we have to do is cut it out in previews and see the next night if it worked. But its hard because, you know, a friend of mine said its sort of the difference between citing and surfing. When you ski, the mountain doesnt move, only you move, so thats a little bit like a movie. And in surfing, the mountain moves, you move, everything moves. So you need to be a more fluid process in a play, at least at this stage. Charlie how is it different to write for theater . You know, i hope i have an answer to that by the time im done with this process. I think, again, a lot of it goes to not just having a camera there, and, so, there are normally opportunities in a screenplay where somebody doesnt need to Say Something because you know you can just push in on them and capture their emotion. And here i think there is an opportunity for people to verbalize things that normally they could express or the camera could help them express or editorial could help them express. Thats different. Charlie so, you know, youve done this before. Do you come away with a different sense of the power of theater . Absolutely. Absolutely. I think the forgetting about the fact that people cant steal it, which i really like, there is a when you talk about empathy, there is a connectivity between the performers and the audience in a live situation thats totally unique, very electric and really satisfying. Charlie and can change from night to night. Oh, it does. Charlie thats incredible. It really does. Which for our piece is great because our piece is about storytelling, and the fact our story changes every night i hope resonates charlie because the audience is different. And the actors are different. Charlie their life is different because whatever happened at work might affect the performance that night. Youre right. The audience is a huge part of it, and there is a feeling before the play is even started thats very palpable, the difference between a matinee audience on a sunday and a friday. Theyve already started an interactive process before the plays even gone on and especially i dont think were ruining anything by saying theres someone on stage when they walk into the door, and that immediately begins a sort of interaction thats kind of interesting to witness. Charlie theres no curtain, you mean . No. You walk in and theres somebody there on stage. Charlie hmm. Man. So let me talk about you and cinema and all this other stuff. One of your no, but, i mean, youre interesting to me because you have gone through a kind of on this program a conversation about your life. Yeah. Charlie and i remember one time i was stunned because you talked about leaving filmmaking. How did that work . That was just, to my mind, a very normal, evolutionary process and only really became kind of public when a friend of mine who shall remain nameless but whose initials are matt damon gave an interview that suddenly got traction about this issue, and it was just time for me to start doing other things, thinking about other things. This is a perfect example. Charlie yeah. And it wasnt a i would never say never. It just became blatantly clear to me i need to go off and try other stuff. Charlie i think painting was one possibility. Yeah, and i started on that and i decided to do this tenhour tv show, so that got interrupted. Charlie this is the one with clive owen. Yes. Charlie whats it called . The nick. Charlie whats it about . Set in a hospital in new york in 1900. Really fun. Charlie is it a drama . Yes, for the most part. Its maihem, medicine in 1900. A lot of interesting stuff going on. Charlie have you seen this evolution in him . Ive seen him, you know, through the course of doing the movies and the play, i think ive seen steven try and find new ways to do things, and i think, when you get into shooting a movie, its not just shooting the movie, its also dealing with the agents and dealing with the producers and dealing with the studios, and those can have a really sort of corrosive effect on your enthusiasm for the endeavor. So i think its that part coupled with, you know, how many times can you come up with a new way to shoot and over the shoulder and at what point do you want to try as a creative person to do other things, which i think is great. Charlie whats your equivalent of that . Writing a play. Charlie writing a play. Or a book or music. You know, each one of these things asks a different thing of you and allows you to try and find new things about yourself. For me, what i found about the play was it was a representation of this sort of ongoing dialogue we had had about how people just take turns telling each other stories and that thats true of large things like war, but its also true of smaller things like relationships, and i wanted to write something that was much more personal. And for this, a lot of the research i did was with a woman name vauschner phonetic who was a survivor of columbine and it was interesting to how that experience affected her in all sorts of ways. Charlie do you know what your next project is . Im adapting a book by a Washington Post reporter named betty metsker about called the burglary about a breakin into an f. B. I. Office in 1971 by some antiwar protesters. Charlie so suppose somebody comes to see you today and says, i have a brilliant idea for theater, and you agree and said, lets do it, and somebody comes in and says, i have a fabulous actor who wants to make a movie im interested in, would you write the screenplay, which would you choose . I feel stories choose me. Charlie do you really . Yeah. So to me its almost involuntary. Charlie whether the story itself, you can connect to it in a vees rail way to stimulate your passion. Yeah, or i can imagine a structure i havent tried yet. I think for both steven and i, the ultimate narrative starts to wear on you if its always linear and youre trying to find a new way to tell a story, and that can be by structure or changing the form from a Movie Theater to a play. Charlie having done these, do you have a new sense of power of theater not just the power of theater to influence, but the capacity to change theater . Well, there are i have to, of course, find my way through it, you know, im not trained as a theater director. I understand directing, i understand storytelling, and i understand actors and composition and things like that. Charlie that will get you a long way. Well, you know, but it would be stupid for me to go and do a revival of a shakespeare play or do you know what i mean . To do a straight piece of theater would be stupid because thats not my background. So i want to do other piecer charlie well, i mean, the other reason, though, is to look at it with a fresh eye, i mean, because you havent done that and because your skills mostly have been employed in a different place, you may see theater with a fresh eye and a beginners eye that, you know, gives you the possibility to use it in an interesting way. Look, if i can be the idiot savant and keep it that way, that it would be awesome. Charlie the library is running at the Public Theater through april 27th. Tilda swinton is here, and we can be happy about that. Stars in a new movie by jim jarmusch, a vampire love story that spans centuries. Heres the trailer for only lovers left alive. Youre being so reclusive is probably only going to make people more interested in your music. Yeah. What a drag. Hello. What is it . You look tired. Are you going to tell your wife what your problem is . Its the way they treat the world. And now theyve succeeded in contaminating their own blood, never mind the water. I have been expecting you for some reason, dr. Faust. whispering and is there a possibility of a flight 370 from san diego to detroit. Is that correct . I love what youve done with the place. Remember when you gave that to schubert . I had a dream. Shouldnt she be sleeping in the Conference Room where the wooden stakes are . Im really, really hungry. Do you maybe have something . Did you smell it all the way from l. A. . Were a family. Youre looking awfully pale, doctor. Is that the really good stuff. I have been pretty lucky in love, if i say so. I wish i had met him before i road down there. Whoa, man. What is that . Oh, negative. Charlie Tilda Swinton can be seen also in the grand budapest hotel. Welcome. Thank you. Charlie ates movie about love . Its about lovers, long love. Charlie over centuries. Millenia. Charlie millenia, yeah. Vampires in love. Vampires in love. Lovers in love who happen to be vampires. Charlie its about mortality. Mortality and immortality which tend to go together. Charlie yeah. And its about reboosting your interest when youre getting fatigued. Charlie i believe in that idea. In other words, if you reboot yourself, in a sense, you have to refresh yourself every ten or 15 years to make sure you have the right amount of energy to move forward. At least. I would suggest you dont have to be much older than 26 these days to know what fatigue is. Charlie maybe 16. Super saturation. Charlie yeah. So you play eve. Tell me who eve is. Eve is a druid. Shes 3,000 years old, so shes got perspective. Adams young. Hes only 500 years old. Charlie yes, a musician in detroit. Yes, a musician in detroit and a genius. Charlie a genius. A proper, bonafide genius who hands his offcuts to shiewsht. Charlieto to schubert. Charlie and he lives in tangier . Yeah, under the name of some actor. And we live a long, long life. Charlie part of that is having real conversations. We wanted to show a relationship between a couple who really liked each other enough to talk to each other. Charlie exactly. Thats the point. Even if you dont like somebody, if you find them interesting, you can love them. And even if you arent like them, if youre really different and these two are really different, the first grain of the film was a wonderful book, mark twains the diaries of adam and eve, fictional or not are the original the diaries of adam and eve, and a book jim was inspired by when sarah driver, his sweetheart gave it to him, he passed it to me and thats the first thing that sparked our interest in the couple. You have this very curmudgeonly crumpy adam stomping around the garden saying, wednesday, ive got to name all these animals. And shes this space cadet saying, oh, the stars and wanted to knock them out and put them in her hair. They are completely unalike yet a pair. Charlie youve had those kind of relationships. Yeah, im very lucky. Charlie you really have. Yeah, i really have. Charlie what about the the vampire aspect of it . Is that to give the centuries of relationship . Is that whats need bid the vampires . Youre suggesting they may not really be vampires . Charlie im not suggesting anything. Im just saying why did jim want to make a movie using vampires in the story . Well, you will have to ask him when he comes. Charlie at your suggestion. I would suggest that theres something about vampires being outsiders, being in the wainscoting of society. They are loners, outsiders. Charlie does that resonate with you, my dear . Occasionally, when im not sitting at the table. But im in Great Company in that wainscoting. Charlie so you do see yourself as a kind of, you know actually charlie not in the mainstream . Or not. I would say theres more than one mainstream. One mans mainstream is another mans dirty little brook. Charlie this is the third collaboration between you and jim. Yes. Charlie what is it about him and the way he makes movies that is so attractive to you . I love it. Hes a friend of mine for a start, and thats a great help. I love his mind and the way he makes a real cinema that is completely unique. I think the first jarmusch film i saw which was in europe which is stranger than paradise. Charlie you loved it . Not only loved it but it was the First American independent film i saw made by an alien. Charlie but dont you consider yourself something of an alien . Who doesnt, charlie . Charlie okay, were together on that. All humans are aliens. Charlie somebody calls you up and says, we want you to come, my dear, and give this very proper lecture on the history of cinema, which you say what i would have said, thank you but no thank you. Yes. Charlie and then your son mmm. Charlie comes and says something about as i remember it correct me, you know how did people dream before cinema . Yeah. This is a few years ago when my son was eight and a half which is a very timely moment and it was the great awe gust San Francisco Film Festival when they asked someone every year to give the state of the cinema address and i thought they wanted someone to talk about the industry or the fiscal report. Charlie had no interest . Well, no knowledge. I suppose i should hear somebody else give that lecture but i cant give it. And i was on the verge of writing to these people saying impossible, when i went to say good night to my son. Charlie he was how old . Eight and a half at that point. A sinmatic age if there over was one and he asked me a question, what were peoples dreams like before cinema was made, i think he said he didnt say invented and this kind of exploded my brain and i went downstairs, before i wrote to the people and actually said, hang on, i wrote this lecture or, rather this piece of writing which was a letter to my son talking about a state called the state of cinema , a place we all go to. Charlie yes. And jim jarmusch was there, he is a filmmaker that makes a corner you can go to, jim jarmusch land. Charlie and you can go there. Nice to be there. Charlie so the eight and a Half Foundation yes. Charlie was created by you well, by my son effectively, yes. Charlie in order to make films about individuals to show you what . No, not to maim fill make films, to make film fans. My cousin who is a filmmaker, we created the eight and a Half Foundation to create a new birthday for children eight and a half when they become film fans. Charlie why eight and a half . Its the age my son asked that question and also the name of a really phenomenal film about making films. Charlie right. And we have a web site. This is something that weve already made in scotland. The Scottish Government gave us money to run a pilot there and 2,000 children have taken part, theyre eight and a half, and they look at our International Films from throughout the last hundred years which is the great luxury we have. We now have 100 years of cinema to draw on. Theyll write to us and work out when the eight and a half birthday is and well send them the dvd of their choice and it will probably be something from iran or china or france, almost certainly from before 50 years ago, but maybe not, and it will almost certainly not have been made by disney or pixar. Charlie what were you doing at momar . Nobody knew you were going to be there because you were sort of asleep. Was it interpretive in. It was a piece i was invited to make by momar which i made in london and then again in rome. And the Performance Department were making series of it, and it was part of the piece i dont talk about it. Charlie explain one more time why you dont talk about it. Because its part of the piece, as much about disappearance as appearance. Its about awe they wantic presence. A human being in a case rather than a photograph of someone or even some twitter remark about someone, and as much a person in Authentic Space as a person in a doorway just outside the walls of momar which people are affecting to come inside to look at someone they might have read about in a book. Charlie let me talk about one thing in your life first of all, to pay you great respect, your mother died when you were making the film. Yes. Charlie how ol was she . She was 83. It was a very interesting thing because jim and i had been talking about making a film about immortal lovers for eight years. When you plan something for a long time and you get to shoot it its like a party because you manage to get to do it eventually. And the moment we started shooting, my beloved mother was diagnosed as terminally ill. Charlie having months to live. Weeks, they said. She ended up having enough time for me to finish shooting the film and go and look after her for the last seven weeks. But it was an amazingly moving thing partly because the film is about these lovers, my parents celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary before she died, so its a bittersweet film but it was one of those things, you know, it kind of kept me going. Charlie took jim a while to get it made, seven or eight years, and he was about to abandon it. When you make something for a long time you abandon it before breakfast and then pick it up again. Charlie but he says you talked him out of it. You know, you have to put a band together to make a piece of music like this, and you need to get everybody together, and i was there from the beginning, and its a very easy thing for me to have a conversation with jim on the phone or meet up with them when im coming through new york and say, come on, jim, lets keep going. Thats the easy part because i truly believed we would make it. I also know enough about these long gestations on films that you never end up regretting the long wait because you need it. But then the money comes, the band gets formed, the money comes and youre going to need everything. Charlie he has total control over his film. Yes. Charlie hes not part of the studio system. He has final cut and he makes it. Yes, properly in every way independent, not codependent remotely. Charlie i like that. Lets talk about the men in your life. Wes anderson. Another one. Charlie another what . Another mainly master of the cinema working today and making another great film, maybe his best ever. Just evolving and delighting and asking me to play another really old bird. Charlie and this is really old. This is like 83. She tells everybody shes 83, but shes in her mid 90s. Charlie but she is going to die. She is going to die, yes. But she dies in love. Charlie yeah. Shes deeply in love. Charlie its a brilliant performance by ray. It is. Charlie how do you describe a set film . Are they pieces . An artist like jim jarmusch or wes anderson or martin scorsese, they make films, the things that it says on the tin, a wes anderson film set in a hotel in the 30s, were going there. Jim jarmuschs vampire lover film. You know, Martin Scorseses wall street. Charlie you love wall street . I love the wolf of wall street very much. Charlie several great performances. Very much. Again, a whole world. Charlie yes. I was very grateful to have known the wonderful Michael Powell at the end of his life, and i once had a very meaningful moment with him when i had flown over from home to new york and i met him in the evening and he said, what was on the plane . Was there a good film on the plane . And i said no. He said, what was it . And i said, batman, i think was one of the first batman films. He said the first time anyones ever said this to me youre wrong, that is a good film because it makes its on world. Any film that makes its on world is a good film. And i swallowed that and digested that ever sips and i absolutely believe hes right, and those filmmakers i referred to before, they are all making unique worlds. Charlie great to have you. Nice to see you, charlie. Charlie Peter Mattheissen, the aw author died april 5. His letters always seem to be of a different early era with universal spiritual and timeless concerns. Matthiessen was an environmentalist, activist, explorer, founder of the paris review, c. I. A. Agent and buddhist teacher. First and foremost a writer, produced more than 30 books in his career and remains the only author to win National Book award for fiction and nonfiction. His last work will be published april 8. He was born into a wealthy new york family, profess add life long unease about unearned privilege that fueled his need to explore the larger world. He moved to paris after graduating. He founded the paris review. Moved to new york in the 50s and spent the rest of his life writing about the Natural World and humanity, the snow leopard, at play in the fields of the lord and trilogy of watson novels which he compressed into one long work, shadow country in 2008. Matthiessen is survived which wife maria eckert, four children from two previous marriages two, stepchildren and six grandchildren. He appeared on this program many times in the last two decades. Here are moments from those conversations. What was it that drove you to go to africa and to go in search of something . Well, i think it began at my mothers urgency. My dad is a hunter and i hunted and somehow i got interested in animal behavior. My brother did, too. My brother is a marine biologist. So really it started very early since we were about eight or ten years old. Charlie must have been some wander lust, though, wasnt therwasnt . That kind began when i first started writing novels and they werent selling well. I went to the new yorker magazine and said, would you send me around the world . I wanted to see the wilderness but i needed it as an income. So it came together that way. Its something i loved to do and was getting paid to do. Charlie your life seems to have had a guardian angel, for the most part. Do you agree with that . I think im very lucky in my life. Charlie father was an architect. Yes. Charlie lived in connecticut. Right. Charlie he went to yale. I went to yale. And, you know, i think my folks i dont think they would have chosen that i had become a writer. They certainly were encouraging and hoping to it. They were very leery i might write about them. Charlie published early . Published early. My first story when i was at yale i sold. Charlie a Long Association with the new yorker. Many, many years. Charlie National Book award. Yes. Charlie for the snow leopard. Yeah, a couple of others. One of the novels was nominated, too. Charlie snow leopard one, didnt it. Charlie . Yes. Charlie its not your best book, in your judgment . Let me say this, i think the snow leopard is fine, but the snow leopard in a way has been kind of a nail in my fictional coffin. Charlie why . Because its a book so closely associated with me and people say why does he write fiction . But i think my fiction is the heart of my work. Charlie you think that you will be remembered in time for your fiction. I do. Maybe im just whistling in the dark here, but i dont think so. I first began as a short story writer. I wrote about 30 short stories before any nonfiction. The three of my first four books were novels. Not very good novels, i confess, but nonetheless, the stories were being published and, you know, and then i really was kind of a i was a commercial fisherman and doing that in addition to my writing and i had a new wife and young kids and i really had to make some money, so i went over into writing nonfiction about what i knew about, boats and wild places and wildlife and stuff. Then i got mr. Sean who agreed to send me around the world to all the wild places. I said, everybodys writing about europe but whos writing about all these wonderful wildernesses that are going down the tube . And he agreed and i rushed off to south america before he could change his mind. So that really was the beginning of that and produced a nonfiction and fiction book, and encouraged my interest in traditional people whom ive always been interested in and aim certain kind of anthropologist because im interested in how they work and relate to the world, and im not much interested in at least much less interested in urban. I like these people on the edge. Charlie what common denominator do most good writers have . Thats a very interesting question. I dont know. I do know i mean, i think i kind of know. I think there has to be an element in really good writing, there has to be an element thats in tact. It doesnt depende depend on r example, i have an aversion to using trade names because i dont want to depend on anything for a quick identification for the reader. It has to be complete in itself and has to have a mystery in it. It has to have something mysterious. Even though you never spell it out you dont say, this is mysterious but i think they have to feel theyre in the presence of something they cannot quite find. A poet spoke about that. We have the courage of certain experiences we call supernatural because we have no vocabulary for them. Something thats just implicitly there. And some writers move in to that and are very daring with that element. But i think almost all good writing has that mystery and strangeness somewhere in that. Charlie you were a c. I. A. Agent who use the paris review for a cover. I invented it as a cover. Charlie exactly. I did, but very, very short order. I was much more interested in the paris review than my paid job, so to speak. I have been very lucky in my life. Ive had many Great Adventures and this is the only adventure i regret was the c. I. A. , but it did do one thing for me and i quit on the job when i was still a young kid, only 24 or 25. Charlie two years in the c. I. A. Yes, and i never had any politics before, i was a greenhorn, and my politics, when i got them, they were really at bay. I said, you guys cant trust me anymore, im not on your side. A lot of things were happening back there, black lists and stuff. Charlie why would you do to them. What it was really doing i was spending my day deceiving people. Thats all it is. Charlie deceiving people as to as to who you are, what youre up to, what you want to know them for, all that kind of stuff. I really disliked it. Charlie were you looking for people you could convert or to expose people . No, i was getting information on people. I didnt even know what i was doing because they never tell you what the heck youre doing, what theyre using it for. But i made a very good contact they were excited about and they wanted me to go in deep around make myself kind of a dupe, a tool for charlie writing for you. Yeah. Charlie are you happiest with nonfiction or fiction. Fiction. Charlie you are. I began as a fiction writer. I wrote that for ten years and thats where my heart is. I wrote nonfiction not to put it down. Someone said my nonfiction is the same thing. The loss of values and the and injustice. In a way, im writing about the same thing but in fiction you can go much deeper. I use the word for this thing, im disstilling it. I go deeper and deeper. In nonfiction, youre stuck with the facts or you should be. You should be more or less loyal to the facts. Charlie you should be. In nonfiction, more or less loyal to the facts . You should be loyal to the facts and you know it well. In fiction you go to a much deeper place. Charlie you have always been obsessed maybe about endangered species. Yes. Charlie and endangered planet. And endangered peoples. Charlie absolutely. Native american. Yeah. Charlie is there something about the person ideal that you think is in danger . I think so. I think what were settling for, really, in recent years, in recent decades, is so far a degraded form of what was originally envisioned in the constitution, our Founding Fathers and everything, its an ignoble quality. Seems like were going in some small country, either granada, veet name, or whatever, but seems like were behaving a way to go into iraq the whole thing about iraq, the question and dispute, but to say shock and awe and announce were going to go in and shock and awe people with our might and bombs, no matter how justifiable, which is debatable, that seems awful to go in and frighten people and there are all these dreadful terms as if its perfectly normal behavior, torture and all this. Charlie do you think its temporary in the American Experience . I sure hope so. I think weve lost a lot of respect around the world and rightly so. I think, as americans, we really feel this is a great country, and i think we have to speak out. Its not unpatriotic to say, hey, were better people than this. Our values are better than this. And thats the way i feel. Im going to kick and scream it to the end, you know. Charlie do you think about the end . Well, you know, im 81. I mean, time is not on my side uphowever charlie we never know. We never know, but i do have a lot of i think so this to finish. Charlie his new novel in paradise will be published tomorrow. I was looking forward to see him once again at this table to talk about his extraordinary talent and his passion for so many things. This program will mishim, and my grief goes to his family. Peter mattheissen, dead at 86. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org this is nightly Business Report with Tyler Mathisen and susie gharib. Monday misery. A sharp wall street selloff as investors dumped stocks that have had big runups in favor of more defensive names. The friendly skies. Airlines get worse, but passengers complain less. Whats going on . And promising drugs. Pfizers experimental Breast Cancer treatment shows some positive results. Could this be a blockbuster for the drugmaker . We have all that and more for this monday, april 7th. Good evening everyone and welcome. Stocks continued their spring selloff today remaining as cool as a baseball player in an early season slump. Todays decline was broadbased. It affected big blue chip shares as well as tech and Smaller Companies that have struggled over the past month. Now valuations have many market