So far, 80,000 Homeless People have been given homes this way, and there is evidence it actually saves money. We are paying more as taxpayers to walk past that person on the street and do nothing than you would be paying to just give them an apartment. Kroft when we interviewed Philip Seymour hoffman in 2006, he was about to win the Academy Award. If you can go to the theatre, and you are in a room with a bunch of other people and what is happening in front of you is not happening, that you actually believe it is if i can do that, i have done my job. Hello, my name is Truman Capote. Kroft he was in talent, in temperament a true artist, and one of our greatest actors. Tonight, you will hear him talk about his life, his work, and his demons. In fact, you went into rehab at a fairly early age. Yeah, i did, i did. I went. I got sober, i was 22 years old. And i was putting myself in situations and predicaments that were dangerous. But i do remember thinking, you know, there are things i want to do. There are things i want to do. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im anderson cooper. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. [ male announcer ] the allnew Toyota Highlander has every amenity. Booooriiiing ah, ah, ah. Hit it, guys its got a bin for your chickens a computer from the future and some giant freaky room for eight ooh, yeah but it aint got no room for boring im spacing out on all this space, too no, we aint got no room for boring for boring, we aint got no room [ male announcer ] the allnew highlander. Toyota. Lets go places. And the best move of all . Having the right partner at your side. Take the next step. Consider an aarp Medicare Supplement insurance plan, insured by Unitedhealthcare Insurance Company to be your partner. Go long. To be your partner. Savings when you day gshop at sears. Get up to 30 off appliances. Like this kenmore fridge. A 44 savings. Join our free Member Program and save even more. Sears. When im training, i always listen to music. For the gym, its hiphop. For crosscountry, classical. And for jumps, i need something. Special. So i use my Citi Thankyou visa card for music downloads and earn two times the points. Plus a little extra inspiration. [ music plays ] the Citi Thankyou preferred visa card. Earn two times the points on entertainment and dining out with no annual fee. Citi, with you every step of the way. Stahl early last year, the food and Drug Administration made an unusual and surprising announcement it cut the recommended dose of the most popular sleep drug in the country, ambien, in half for women. It turns out men and women metabolize ambien, known generically as zolpidem, very differently, leaving women with more of the drug in their bodies the next morning, and therefore at a greater risk of impaired driving. Ambien zolpidem is now the only Prescription Drug in the country with a different suggested dose for men and women. But weve discovered it is far from an isolated example of differences between the sexes we never imagined. More and more, scientists are realizing that the differences are dangerously understudied and that, pervasively and fundamentally, sex matters. Take aspirin lowdose aspirin lowers the risk of heart attacks in healthy men. But in healthy women, turns out it doesnt, though it does protect women against stroke. And drugs are just the beginning. Sex differences have been found in pain receptors, liver enzymes, even the wiring of the brain. Larry cahill we have generated just a ton of information that suggests that there are sex differences everywhere. Stahl larry cahill, a neuroscientist at the university of california irvine, used to share his fields assumption that males and females, outside the reproductive system, were fundamentally the same. But hes changed his outlook 180 degrees. Ambien, he says, is a case in point. Ambien, prescribed 40 million times just last year, approved 20 years ago were only now finding out that women have been prescribed a dose thats twice as high as they need. Cahill that is a textbook example of whats wrong. How did it happen that, for 20 some years, women, millions of them, were essentially overdosing on ambien . Stahl the f. D. A. Says it made the change after new driving simulation studies established what amount of ambien or zolpidem in the blood the next morning could be dangerous for driving. Dr. Sandra kweder, Deputy Director of the f. D. A. s office of new drugs, says only then did they realize women could be taking too much, since women metabolize the drug differently than men. Sandra kweder so if i took zolpidem, and my brother took the same dose, probably the maximum level of drug in my blood would be 45 higher than his maximum blood level. Stahl now that sounds substantial. Kweder it is substantial. Stahl but we discovered that that 45 difference between men and women had been known to the f. D. A. All along. In the original f. D. A. Review of ambien back in 1992, there was a page called effect of gender, where the f. D. A. Reviewer noted that two key measures of how much drug is in the bloodstream were approximately 45 higher in females than in males. Cahill it appears to say that they found a significant difference in how this drug is being processed in the body. And then the question is, what did they do with that . And the answer appears to be, eh, they. They rationalized it away. Stahl im going to hand you that page, effect of gender. Kweder okay. Stahl the f. D. A. Reviewer went on to write, the results suggest a genderrelated difference. However, the lack of specific details such as study design and individual data make it difficult to draw a definite conclusion. Kweder exactly. Stahl so when you see that they didnt give you enough data, did you go back, or should you have gone back, and said, okay, what was the study design . What was the data . Kweder if i saw this today, in light of todays science, i think we would go back and try to tease this out a little bit further. But i think at the time, this was generally consis. This was sort of business as usual for what you saw in clinical pharmacology studies. Stahl thats because, she says, there was no evidence at the time that the difference mattered. That was 20 years ago, when if someone said womens health, it usually meant what they call bikini medicine breast and ovarian cancer, pregnancy, menstrual cycles. But for parts of the body men and women share hearts, kidneys, the brain, most of the studies were done predominantly on men. If you want to understand me, they study you . Cahill and heres why they do that. Because theres this assumption that you are me with pesky hormones. Stahl laughs oh, with pesky hormones. Cahill im being only partially facetious. The idea is that the fundamental things are similar between you and me, so that, ironically, the best way to study you is to study me. Stahl because you dont have pesky hormones. Cahill right. Were studying all the fundamental things in you without this sort of nuisance stuff. Thats literally an assumption on which all of biological medicine, especially neuroscience, which i know best, has been built. Stahl but given what we now know, he says that assumption has to go. Look at Heart Disease, which is the leading killer of both men and women. Cardiologist noel bairey merz, from Cedarssinai Medical Center in los angeles, says women, like her patient pearl grumet, can differ from men in the way they have heart attacks. Pearl grumet i had this excruciating pain in between my shoulder blades. And then i got the nauseous feeling in my stomach. Stahl so the man comes in, he has chest pain, sometimes a radiating pain down the left arm. The woman comes in, and she says. Noel bairey merz she might be having stomach upset, she might be feeling fatigue. She might just be short of breath. Stahl why does she even go . Merz because they dont feel right, and they know somethings wrong. Stahl they know somethings wrong. Did you ever, ever have chest pain in this whole time . Grumet no. Merz you can see, heres the constriction. Stahl typically, men get clogs in major arteries that are easy to see on an angiogram. But many women get blockages in tiny microvessels inside the heart, so their Heart Disease is more often missed. Pearl had four minor heart attacks; five different hospitals couldnt find the problem. Grumet doctor comes in and he says, when you find out whats wrong with you, would you please let me know . Stahl no, come on. Grumet because we dont have any idea whats wrong. Stahl dr. Bairey merz says one of the reasons we havent learned more about women goes all the way back to the beginning of the scientific pipeline to research on animals. Dr. Melina kibbe is a vascular surgeon who also runs a lab at Northwestern University medical school, where she evaluates new therapies in mice and rats. If i walked into a lab anywhere in the country doing animal research, what are my chances of coming upon a study with only male animals . Melina kibbe very large. Stahl today . Kibbe correct. Stahl turns out female rats also have those pesky hormones. Kibbe so, to control for that variable, most researchers study just males. I was also studying just males. Stahl so it made sense . Or you maybe didnt even think about it . Kibbe i didnt even think about it. Stahl and neither did doris taylor, a leading stem cell expert at Texas Heart Institute in houston, until she was designing an experiment in mice to see if injections of stem cells could reverse plaque rteries, and she needed a way to track the stem cells in the animals. Doris taylor so what we decided to do is give female animals male stem cells, because we could track the y chromosome. And we said, lets give male animals female cells. Stahl you only did it so you could track the cells. Taylor so we could track the cells. Stahl she was surprised to find that the results were not the same. Taylor the male animals we gave female cells got better, and the female animals we gave male cells actually got a little worse. Stahl only the female stem cells got rid of the plaque. Taylor and you can see all this fat here, the pink. Stahl the male mouse artery on the left had not been treated; the one on the right got female stem cells. Taylor and look at that. Stahl its clean. Taylor i am embarrassed to admit that, as a woman, it had never really occurred to me that doing the experiment in male versus female animals would give completely different results. Stahl and that led to further discoveries. Taylor wanted to find out if human stem cells were different, too, and shes found that they are. My stem cells are actually different stem cells from a mans . Taylor yes. Stahl she told me mens are less powerful to begin with, and then they start to die off. Taylor in men, as they age, they decrease pretty dramatically. And in females, they stay relatively stable. Now, think about that. Stahl wow. Taylor men develop Heart Disease much earlier than women. Why not look at the difference and see how to make men live longer without Heart Disease . Stahl she speculates that ignoring this difference may be one reason stem cell treatments havent lived up to their promise; and on a broader level, that not studying both male and female animals results in more problems for women down the road. Cahill if the whole darn pipeline is male dominated and sex differences truly do matter, how can it not be the case that youre going to end up with, on average, a lot more negative side effects in women than in men . I mean, it basically has to happen. Stahl and it does. A g. A. O. Report found eight of the ten Prescription Drugs withdrawn from the market from 1997 to 2001 posed Greater Health risks for women than for men. Today, when it comes to governmentfunded studies on humans, women must be included, by law. But many researchers dont then take the next step and analyze the results by sex, which some argue defeats the whole purpose. We have come upon studies where they do use both male and female, but they then dont analyze how the two respond differently, so they have the two and no analysis of the difference. Taylor if you do the two together, and you really think females are here and males are here, or vice versa, then youre going to get results that are right here. Stahl and so theyre almost useless. Taylor and so, theyre almost not predictive of either males or females. Cahill if youre clumping men and women together in your study, and there truly is a sex difference, youre not just harming the women, youre harming the men. Youre. Youre muddling up the understanding of whats going on, youre muddling up the path to clear treatment, not just for the women, but for the men as well. Stahl the problem, he says, is that the scientific establishment hasnt caught up with its own discoveries. If science got ambien so wrong, does that tell you that we really need to go back and review. Cahill yes. Stahl what . Everything . Cahill pretty much everything, yeah, because once you see this difference and that difference and that difference and that difference and that difference, and you see, this things everywhere, you go, wait a minute. So, the assumption were making that it really doesnt matter, sex, is not a valid assumption. It may not matter, it may matter hugely. It may flip your results on their head, and you dont know. So what happens is you start to realize, wow, the status quo is not okay. The way were doing business has to change. Stahl there are scientists who say the ambien situation is like a wakeup call. Its a tip of the iceberg. So, should the f. D. A. Go back and look at other drugs . Kweder well, you know, to say every drug. Every drug, go back and look again . Stahl yeah. Kweder thats an enormous undertaking. Stahl so can women feel secure that the dosages recommended on any of their medications is proper for them . Or should they now be a little worried . Kweder in medical practice, there is a general awareness that there may be individual differences among patients, and that every patient needs to have the right dose. Stahl hows a doctor supposed to know . Kweder you start at the lowest dose, and you see if its enough. Stahl yeah, but youre doing the studies, and theyre going to rely on your recommendation. Kweder yep. Stahl it sounds like the f. D. A. Is being more reactive than aggressive about this. Kweder i think were being very aggressive about bringing the most sophisticated science to new drugs and being aggressive about applying the science where we have reason to believe there is a concern to older drugs. Stahl the f. D. A. Told us it is looking at other sleep drugs for possible sex differences, but not mounting an acrossthe board review. As of today, zolpidem remains the only drug on the market with different recommended doses for men and women. Glor good evening. A. O. L. Is reversing a controversial plan to make 401 k contributions only at the end of year year. Barclays is investigating the possible theft of data from 27,000 customers, and starting tomorrow, samesex couples will have equal rights in federal bankruptcy court. Im jeff glor, cbs news. [ woman 1 ] why do i cook . Because an empty pan is a blank canvas. [ woman 2 ] to share a moment. [ woman 3 ] to travel the World Without leaving home. [ male announcer ] whatever the reason. Whatever the dish. Make it delicious with swanson. [ male announcer ] whatever the reason. Whatever the dish. There is a place where the sky is always blue. And the kids always eat their vegetables. Because the salad there is always served with the original Hidden Valley ranch. Its the way ranch is supposed to taste. Cooper giving apartments to Homeless People whove been on the streets for years before theyve received treatment for drug or alcohol problems or Mental Illness may not sound like a wise idea. But thats whats being done in cities across america in an approach that targets those whove been homeless the longest, and are believed to be at greatest risk of dying, especially with all of this cold weather. Theyre people who once might have been viewed as unreachable. But cities and counties affiliated with a movement known as the 100,000 Homes Campaign have so far managed to get 80,000 of them off the streets. Local governments and nonprofit groups do most of the work. The money comes mostly from existing federal programs and private donations, and theres evidence that this approach saves taxpayers money. If it sounds too good to be true, well, take a look at whats been happening in nashville, one of the latest cities to join the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Ingrid mcintyre robert . You awake, buddy . Cooper in a Storage Facility on the outskirts of nashville, outreach worker Ingrid Mcintyre introduced us to Robert Mcmurtry. Mcintyre hey, good morning. I want to introduce you to my friend anderson. Cooper hey, im anderson. How are you . Shed come to ask him some questions about his health. Mcintyre how many times have you been to the emergency room in the past three months . Robert mcmurtry uh, twice. Cooper robert told ingrid he had a lot of medical problems h. I. V. , hepatitis c, and throat cancer. He was getting treatment at vanderbilt University Medical center, but living in this storage locker without a toilet or running water. He bathed in a stream by the side of the road. He said hed been homeless for three years. How old are you . Mcmurtry im 48. Cooper 48 . Im 46, so were two years apart. Mcmurtry uhhuh. Cooper its nice to see someone else with gray hair. laughter he said he used to work in the construction business, but fell on hard times after he lost his job and became ill. A friend took pity on him and allowed him to stay in this storage locker for the past three months. Mcmurtry i never imagined id ever be homeless, because i had. I really worked really hard my whole life, and it was just devastating, really, when it happened because i never imagined that i would be in this condition. Cooper Ingrid Mcintyre runs a nonprofit called open table nashville thats been working with the 100,000 Homes Campaign to survey the citys homeless and identify those at greatest medical risk. Do you think hes at high risk . Mcintyre i mean, hes one of the most Vulnerable People that i know. Cooper three days after interviewing robert, she returned with an offer that was hard to believe. Mcintyre if you want to, i have an apartment for you tomorrow. Mcmurtry really . Mcintyre do you want it . Mcmurtry yes. I do, really. Mcintyre good. Cooper the following day. Mcmurtry wow, man stahl . Robert moved in to his very own apartment. Mcmurtry this is great. Cooper its in a private building in downtown nashville. He wouldnt have to bathe in that stream anymore. The apartment has one bathroom, one bedroom, and access to this rooftop pool. Until fairly recently, someone like robert would have to jump through a series of bureaucratic hoops, and go through a treatment or Job Training Program before getting permanent housing. The 100,000 Homes Campaign advocates using an approach first developed in new york in which the homeless are given housing first. Becky kanis what were really aiming for in this movement is that person thats been on the streets, many cases for decades, who you walk past and youre like, oh, i cant even imagine this person being able to be in housing. Cooper the hardcore homeless. Kanis the hardest core of the hardest core, who also happen to be at the highest risk for dying on the streets. Cooper becky kanis works for a group called community solutions, which created the 100,000 Homes Campaign. She says most of the 600,000 people who are homeless in the United States on any given night are on the streets for relatively short periods of time, usually less than a month. But its the chronic cases, people homeless for more than a year, who kanis says are most in need of help. Kanis theyre out of friends who will let them sleep on their couch. Theyre out of friends who will help them get a job. Theyve burned the bridges of the friends, or they just didnt have them in the first place. Cooper more than 60 of the chronically homeless have drug or alcohol addictions; 30 suffer from severe Mental Illness. Kanis says many of these people have such serious medical problems, it costs taxpayers more to leave them on the streets. How is it costing more . Kanis the inability to tend to your basic healthcare needs results in people on the streets ending up in Emergency Rooms and ending up in inpatient hospitalizations. And one night in the hospital is a whole months rent, on most places. Cooper so youre saying its more expensive to allow a chronically homeless person to live on the streets than it is to actually subsidize an apartment for them . Kanis yes, we are paying more as taxpayers to walk past that person on the street and do nothing than we would be paying to just give them an apartment. Cooper becky kanis began working for the 100,000 Homes Campaign after a career in the military. Shes a west point graduate and former army officer who worked with the special operations command. Do you think having a military background helps . Kanis i absolutely think it does; its bootsontheground intelligence that i think is one of the defining factors. Cooper to get that bootson theground intelligence, the 100,000 Homes Campaign encourages teams of volunteers and outreach workers to spend three nights looking for and interviewing the homeless. In late may, we joined the teams in nashville as they headed out at 3 00 in the morning, searching in small patches of woods, under highway overpasses, and in caves where the homeless camp. Will hey, sorry to wake you. My names will. Cooper those who agreed to answer a series of survey questions would get a free bus pass in return. Will how many times have you been to the emergency room in the past three months . About five times. Cooper the questions are mainly about their health. Hiv or aids . Liver disease, cirrhosis . History of stroke or heat exhaustion . Cooper the information is used to decide who gets apartments first by giving priority to those at greatest risk of dying on the streets. And the risk is very real. Rocky top you will always be home to me. Cooper on the steps of this church, a man froze to death last year, one of 52 Homeless People who died in the city. Not everything the homeless told the survey teams was accurate. We checked and found some discrepancies. But we were also surprised by the candor of some of the people we met. Ernest thomas, who has a prosthetic leg, says he once hoped to work in a pharmacy, but ruined his job prospects by getting involved with drugs and crime. He was on parole when we spoke. Ernest thomas look at me, man. Im 39 years old, and i aint got nothing, you know im saying . I dont even call my kids. You know, when i do call them, they be, like, dad, how you doing . I got to lie and fantasize oh, man, im straight. Cooper so, how do you think you. You ended up on the street . Thomas honest with you, man, i cant tell you. I really dont know. I messed up. Somewhere, i messed up, yeah. Cooper will connelly is director of the citys homelessness commission. He is the person who decided nashville should adopt the 100,000 Homes Campaigns approach. Hed already lined up a number of apartments for the people identified by the survey. And these are fully furnished apartments, ready to go, that these people can just move into . Will connelly yeah, yeah. Permanent housing, no strings attached, really. As long as they abide by that lease agreement, its. Its theirs. Cooper the apartments are paid for mostly by the federal government, which gives rental assistance subsidies to veterans and people with low income. The homeless are expected to contribute 30 of whatever income they get from things like parttime work, social security, or disability. Some apartments, like Robert Mcmurtrys, were provided by civicminded landlords willing to accept very little rent. Kirby davis donated 1 of his units and has encouraged other building owners to do the same. And whats the pushback youre getting . Kirby davis that they might harass my other residents, what are my other residents going to think . What kind of liability do we have . Cooper and. And what do you say to that . Davis none of them got to where they are not taking risk, so how about taking a risk for somebody else . Why dont we go around the room and introduce ourselves . Cooper no new tax dollars were required for nashvilles campaign to house the chronically homeless. A lot was achieved by getting people who dont normally work together, such as outreach workers and private landlords, to focus on the citys most desperate residents. What ill do is try two units, and well start with that and give it a try. Cooper to determine who should get apartments first, the homeless who were surveyed got ranked based on their medical risk factors. Robert mcmurtry finished high on the list, but there were some in even worse shape. So, who are some of the people youve. Youve identified . Connelly the most vulnerable is. His names frank. Cooper frank is Frank Clements, who spent more than 30 years in prison for robbery and other crimes. For him and a friend, home was now this park bench. Mcintyre where are you guys staying right now . Frank clements right here. Mcintyre right here . Right here. laughter mcintyre yeah. Cooper there was a bottle of mouthwash by his side, which is what alcoholics sometimes drink when they cant afford liquor. Frank was 66yearsold and said hed been treated for two types of cancer, pneumonia, and Heart Disease. Mcintyre how many times have you been to the emergency room in the past three months . Clements about three times. Cooper four days after he answered those questions, he was walking into his new apartment. This is your new home clements all right. My heart is full of gratitude. And you know, its awesome. I mean, you dont see people like this that help people out, you know. Cooper to try and ensure the homeless dont end up back on the streets, social workers check in on them regularly. Do you mind if i have a seat . Clements well, of course you can. Cooper Frank Clements needed more help than most. The morning after he got an apartment, we found him finishing off a bottle of whiskey. Clements; i aint no angel, im a damn drunk. laughs cooper in the weeks that followed, social workers tried to help frank get treatment. They even drove him to appointments. Hed get sober for a while, then start drinking again, then be filled with remorse. He was so disruptive when drunk, he had to be moved out of two different apartments. Some critics of the 100,000 Homes Campaign question whether scarce Housing Resources would be better spent on homeless kids or workingpoor families, rather than somebody like frank. Is it fair to give somebody an apartment whos made bad choices and is being irresponsible . Kanis i dont think fairness is the right way to look at it. What i would prefer to look at it is whats good for everybody. So, having somebody on the streets, fair or not fair, is costing us as a society, as taxpayers more than it would cost to have them in housing. Cooper it does seem like youre rewarding somebody, though, whos. You know, drinking or doing drugs or just being irresponsible. Kanis i see it as giving them. Giving them a second chance. And most people, given that second chance, do something about those behaviors. Cooper so far, Robert Mcmurtry has made the most of his second chance. He made friends in his building, and three months after he got his own apartment, we were amazed to see him jogging in a nearby park. Researchers at the university of pennsylvania found that when Homeless People in philadelphia were given housing and support, more than 85 were still in housing two years later and were unlikely to become homeless again. Mcintyre hows it going . Everything went great this morning . Im so glad. You look awesome. Everywhere that i go. Cooper in september, homeless advocates in nashville held a luncheon for some of the people they had helped. In 100 days, they had gotten nearly 200 people into homes, and all but a handful were still in their apartments. But there werent enough apartments for everyone. Ernest thomas didnt get one. He ended up back in prison on a parole violation, and then homeless once again. By this summer, nashville and other communities across the country that have joined the 100,000 Homes Campaign expect to reach their goal of getting 100,000 people off the streets. That wont completely solve the problem, but becky kanis says it will prove that it can be solved, and that no one is unreachable. Kanis we have this amazing collection now of before pictures and after pictures that just captures the transformation thats possible once someones in housing. There is something thats really dehumanizing about living on the streets, in so many ways. And then, really, in a matter of days, from having housing, the physical transformation is almost immediate, and theyre unrecognizable from their former selves. And i dont think that theres anybody, once they see that, that would say, well, lets put them back on the streets again. Its not just the homeless that are transformed. Anderson cooper explains. Just go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by pfizer tends to stay at rest. Est while a body in motion tends to stay in motion. Staying active can actually ease arthritis symptoms. But if you have arthritis, staying active can be difficult. Prescription celebrex can help relieve arthritis pain so your body can stay in motion. Because just one 200mg celebrex a day can provide 24 hour relief for many with arthritis pain and inflammation. Plus, in clinical studies, celebrex is proven to improve daily physical function so moving is easier. Celebrex can be taken with or without food. And its not a narcotic. You and your doctor should balance the benefits with the risks. All prescription nsaids, like celebrex, ibuprofen, naproxen and meloxicam have the same cardiovascular warning. 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And youll see just how much it has to offer, especially if youre thinking of moving an old 401 k to a fidelity ira. It gives you a wide range of investment options. And the free help you need to make sure your investments fit your goals and what youre really investing for. Tap into the full power of your fidelity green line. Call today and well make it easy to move that old 401 k to a fidelity rollover ira. Kroft when the actor Philip Seymour hoffman was found dead in his apartment last week from an apparent heroin overdose, it came as a shock to all but his closest friends and family. How he came to die that way, at the height of his fame, is still a mystery, although this was not hoffmans first battle with drug addiction. He was only 46 years old, but he had already created a lifetimes worth of memorable characters, and the New York Times, in a front page obituary, called him perhaps the greatest actor of his generation. He was in talent, in temperament and commitment a true artist intense, introspective, sensitive, and obsessed with his work. He did not often sit still for long interviews, but he did for us back in 2006, as his career was taking off. He had just received an Academy Award nomination for best actor in the film capote, and we spent several days in new york and l. A. Talking about his life, his work, and his demons. Philip Seymour Hoffman if you can go to the theater, and youre in a room with a bunch of other people and whats happening in front of you is not happening, but you actually believe it is if i can do that, ive done my job. And thats the thing that. That is a drug. Thats a drug. Thats something you. You get addicted to. Kroft when we talked to Philip Seymour hoffman eight years ago, he told us hed rather people remember the characters hed played than remember him. He insisted on meeting us at 8 00 a. M. In the heart of new yorks greenwich village, which was the center of his world for nearly 30 years. He went to drama school at New York University and never really left the neighborhood. So why did you want to do this at 8 00 . Hoffman i thought itd be easier to talk and stuff, and there wouldnt be as many people around. Kroft he came dressed as though he might have slept in the park or wandered out of a homeless shelter. Yet we still got stopped by an admiring fan. You deserve the oscar, mr. Hoffman. Hoffman thank you. Kroft he was already a familiar face, having appeared in 40 films in just 14 years. Hoffman get out of the truck now, sully kroft working with major stars and alist directors, hed become famous taking small roles and transforming them into memorable characters, like the trust fund playboy in the talented mr. Ripley. Hoffman absolutely once, ciao. Kroft . Or the pernicious preppie in scent of a woman. Hoffman hes goodcop, bad copping us. Kroft . Or the gay, curious sound man in boogie nights. Hoffman can i kiss you . Scotty, i. Hoffman please, can i kiss you on the mouth . No hoffman please let me. Let it rain kroft . Not to mention various turns as the obnoxious, overweight friend. Hoffman im just messing with you, sasquatch. Lets get it on. Kroft . And a preop transsexual, all of which beg the question about his scruffy wardrobe. Is this the real phil hoffman, or are you now preparing for some other role . Hoffman no, this is me. Kroft he was totally without vanity unless the role called for it, and despite his success at age 38, he was still very much the struggling artist, consumed with the craft of being an actor, and grateful for the recognition, yet suspicious of fame and celebrity, and how it might change him and what he did. Hoffman i think part of being an actor is staying private. I do think its important. Part of doing my job is that they believe im someone else, you know . Thats part of my job. And if they start watching me and thinking about the fact that i got a divorce or something in my real life or these things, i dont think im doing my job. Kroft you want to be a mystery . Hoffman well, you just want to be. You dont want people to know everything about your personal life or theyre going to project that also on the work you do. Its impossible not to. If you know enough about somebody, its impossible not to. Like my friends who ive grown up with and know me very well, i know they watch my films different than anyone else. I know they come up to you like, oh, that thing you did, thats just like that thing you do, you know . Theyll say that. And you know, you want to find a way even to get them to think youre someone else. And when. When you get that person that knows you that well to think youre actually someone else and lose themselves, then youve really done your job. Hello, my name is Truman Capote. Kroft it was a challenge he faced every day in what is perhaps his most famous role, his portrayal of Truman Capote, who, for 20 years, was not only americas most famous writer, but one of its most recognizable celebrities. Hoffman as capote have you read the article about the killings in kansas in the front section of the New York Times . I think thats what i want to write about. Kroft the film deals with the six years that capote spent writing in cold blood, which would make him famous and, in the process, ruin his life. The project was developed by two of hoffmans oldest friends, Bennett Miller, the films director, and screenwriter dan futterman. The three had met when they were 16 years old, and knew each other so well, they were concerned the film might end their friendship. This is what Bennett Miller says about you he works himself into a state of crisis and distress worrying that people are going to know hes a fraud and that his career is over. Hoffman laughs he talks too much, that guy. Well, you do think your career is going to be over all the time. I mean, that. Thats pretty common. Part of my job is actually that its me. Im not a painter, im not a musician, im not these things where actually im creating something that then i can distance myself and you can actually experience it. Im actually the one, its me my body, my head, my mind, my voice. Its right here, you know. And there is something about people criticizing that, or failing in that realm, and its actually you theyre talking about, that is. Thats hard. Thats hard to take. And i do fear that, definitely. Kroft hoffman spent a huge amount of time at millers apartment studying old film. Hoffman as Truman Capote you know that it had that effect on you, personally. Hoffman he leans right in there. I mean, the guys not even looking at him but hes. as capote it had that effect on me. Bennett miller i mean, look at how he adjusts himself to the guy, you know. Kroft plumbing the depths of capotes life and his own to try and capture the character and get inside his head. He was worried that the line between parody and perfection was razor thin. Hoffman i knew that this was going to be something that the risk quotient was high. Kroft why was it high risk . Miller just the possibility of humiliation. Hoffman yeah, failing was high. Yeah, it was huge. People knew who he was. Hes an iconic figure. I just. The fear, the nightmare or the fear of just being embarrassingly bad in the role was very real. as capote this research and this work have changed my life. Kroft how did you identify with him . Hoffman the ambition, the drive, the wanting to be the center of attention, the wanting to succeed. Kroft those are all you . Hoffman yeah. Theyre all inside me somewhere. Kroft hoffman grew up in a middleclass household near rochester, new york. In high school, he was a clean cut competitive jock who excelled in baseball and wrestling until a neck injury cut short his athletic career and his hormones led him to acting. Hoffman this woman that i was just. Had a mad crush on woman, girl. She was in high school, walked by the other way. I said, where are you going . And shes going, im going to go audition for a play. You know, and kept walking. I think ill go, too, and i turned around and i followed her in. And i auditioned for the play, and i got to be with her every day, you know what i mean . It was like, youre a teenager and you have a crush, you know, and then, all of a sudden, its not about the crush. All of a sudden, you realize you like doing theater and you like being an actor and you like hanging out with these people. Kroft over time, he applied the same competitive drive he had with wrestling to grappling with roles on stage and screen, steadily building an impressive resume with a stubborn, single minded zeal for perfection that he was never entirely comfortable with. Hoffman if i dont think im doing well, im unpleasant. Thats my neurosis. You know what i mean . If i dont feel like im doing the job well and i dont know how to get there or im too scared or whatever, im. Im not a happy guy, and im not pleasant. Im not pleasant to be around. Kroft you feeling all right about this . Hoffman laughs about talking to you . Oh, yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah. Kroft yeah, yeah. Is it going all right . Hoffman but i think that that. Yes, actually i do feel right about it. I mean, this is me being pleasant, i hope. laughs kroft the depth of hoffmans commitment and his talent are apparent in one of the final scenes of capote. After six years of cajoling, befriending and seducing two killers into telling him a story that will make him famous, the author says his final goodbyes as they head off to the gallows. Hoffman as capote i did everything i could. Okay. Hoffman i truly did. Kroft it took hoffman nine months of his life to get the performance just right, and when the shooting was over, he was tapped out and done being Truman Capote. Hoffman i remember. I remember, i immediately started talking like myself, like that, and i thought to myself,m never going. Im never going to do that again. Im not going to act like him anymore. Kroft why . Hoffman because i was free, first off. So the minute youre able to walk away from that, separate yourself, you do. I do. Kroft so you cant even do it like one more time . Hoffman no. Kroft like drunk at a party . Hoffman yeah. That might be, you know, if i start drinking again, you might be able to get me to do it. Kroft that last comment was a small slip for someone who guarded his privacy as closely as hoffman did. But it told us something about his past. You said you dont drink. Hoffman no, i dont. Kroft in fact, you went into rehab at a fairly early age. Hoffman yeah, i did, i did. I went. I got sober when i was 22 years old, yeah. Kroft so this was drugs or alcohol or both . Hoffman yeah, it was all. All that stuff, yeah. laughs it was anything i could get my hands on, yeah. Yeah, i liked it all. Yeah. Kroft and why did you decide to stop . Hoffman you get panicked. You get panicked. It was. I was 22 and i got panicked for my life. It really was. It was just bad. I was putting myself in situations and predicaments that were dangerous. Even now, i think about it, i was so young, i was 22 at the time. But i do remember thinking i. Theres things i want to do. You know, theres things i want to do. And im not going to do them if i keep doing this. Its not going to happen. Kroft so what was rehab like . Hoffman its a lot of things. It is a lot of things. But i do. Dont i wouldnt really get into too much, but. Kroft it changed you. Hoffman it did, yeah. Yeah, it did. Meaning it was a. It was a respite, it was a break. There was something about it that i remember it just. It just so drastically pulled me out of my life, it changed something. It made me see things differently. It made me see things differently. Gave me this idea that those you know those things you want to do, phil, those things you want to get done . You can do them. Kroft and he managed to do a lot of them. He won the oscar for capote, and would be nominated three more times. This way, mr. Hoffman. Kroft and there were the triumphs on the new york stage. Philip Seymour Hoffman is magnificent. I beg you not to miss it. Death of a salesman. Kroft friends believe hoffman began drinking again in 2012, while losing himself in the physically and emotionally exhausting role of willie loman in death of a salesman, and then he eventually sought escape revisiting heroin. He was trying to quit, but unable to muster the discipline he found in his work to save his own life. When he was found dead last week, people remembered not just the characters Philip Seymour hoffman created, they remembered him, especially on the great white way, which went dark in his honor. Hoffman the best youll ever feel is when youve done a good job. Thats the best youll ever feel. And that satisfaction is wonderful because its a job well done. And im grateful for all of it. But i know, at the end of the day, that when i was shooting capote or i was shooting any film ive done, or done any play, that the day that ended where i felt like i acted well and i went home and i was able to breathe a free breath that was long and deep, you know, and will go to bed and my eyes shut and i went to sleep peacefully. Those. Thats as good as it gets. Theres a saying around here, you stand behind what you say. Around here you dont make excuses. You make commitments. And when you cant live up to them, you own up, and make it right. Some people think the kind of accountability that thrives on so many streets in this country has gone missing in the places where its needed most. But i know youll still find it when you know where to look. Has every amenity. Booooriiiing ah, ah, ah. 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Welcome to the beatles the night that changed america. This is our loving grammy salute to four musicians who made history, and to the music that john lennon, paul mccartney,