Lines of social change worldwide. The herb alpert foundation, supporting organizations whose ÷ mission is to promote compassion and creativity in our society. The john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation, committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org. Park foundation, dedicated to heightening Public Awareness of critical issues. The kohlberg foundation. Barbara g. Fleischman. And by our sole corporate sponsor, mutual of america, designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why were your retirement company. Welcome. There are roughly 80 million evangelical christians in america, and for years a majority of their ranks have refused to take Global Warming seriously. Many were swayed by the likes of rush limbaugh, who said, if you believe in god, then yi6 n intellectually you cannot believe in manmade Global Warming. You must be either agnostic or atheistic to believe that man controls something he cant create. Then there is the powerful republican james inhofe of the Senate Committee on the environment and public works, who said, gods still up there, and the arrogance of people to think that we, human beings, would be able to change what he is doing in the climate is, to me, outrageous. So it is that while more americans believe Global Warming is real and caused by human beings, some twothirds of white evangelical christians are not convinced. And they wield a lot of political clout. These are people who believe that to be saved by god you muso be born again, your heart and mind transformed by a cathartic spiritual experience. But as the Climate Crisis worsens every day, its clear these good folk need a different kind of conversiof6 . ad opens them to the reality overtaking us. Only someone they trust, one of their own, is likely to help them see the light. Which brings us to Katharine Hayhoe. You may have of showtimes awardwinning documentary series, years of living dangerously. When i look at the information we get from the planet, i look at it as gods creation speaking to us. And in this case theres no question that gods creation is telling us that it is running a fever. That fever has been running high on the plains of texas, where Katharine Hayhoe lives. West texas is cattle country. Or it was until prolonged drought killed off the livestock business and devastated towns like plainview. Its 10 00 a. M. On march 16th, 2013. This has become a weekly ritual. Each saturday these people walk the four miles around the cargill meat packing plant on the edge of town. Theyre praying for rain and for the plant to reopen. Six weeks ago it closed, and overnight 10 of the areas entire workforce was laid off. It shut down because of a threeyear drought that devastated the cattle herd here in texas. And without cows, you cant run a meat packing plant. Father, we pray for the situation in cargill, by god. Because as you bring the moisture, as you bring the rain conditions will change, my god. Because its your rain Katharine Hayhoe knows those believers well. She, too, is an evangelical christian, also a rising star of climate science, named this year as one of time magazines 100 most influential people. She and her husband, andrew farley, whos a pastor, teach at Texas Tech University in lubbock. Together, they wrote this book, a climate for change Global Warming facts for faithbased decisions. Welcome. Thank you for having me, bill. When i saw the film i couldnt believe that that was the plainview, texas i knew many years ago. Then it was bustling, like a beehive. The film reveals it as an almost lifeless place. Now why are you convinced that this has to do with Global Warming instead of just the usual droughts that come and go in west texas . Everybody living in texas knows that droughts are just part of life there. So the first question people r÷ always ask is, well, how is this any different from what my daddy or my granddaddy experienced way back when . First of all, we see things changing. We see plants and trees flowering earlier in the year. We see birds and insects and other animals farther north than they ever used to be. Its warmer now in every season of the year in texas because of Climate Change. So along comes this drought just like you had 30 years ago and 50 years ago. But now its so much warmer that more water evaporates from the soil, more water evaporates from our lakes and our rivers and our streams. And the drought is more severe than it would have been otherwise. We had an incredibly severe drought that summer of 2011 throughout texas and oklahoma. And that Drought Conditions persist until today. As a scientist, you study consequences over time. Ug÷ is it whats happening over time that has led you to think this is not just the weather, this is change . Thats exactly right. One of the most common things people do is they say, oh we had a cold year. Or, oh we had a wet summer. Therefore, wheres all this stuff . Wheres all this Global Warming . Climate is defined as the longterm average over at least 20 to 30 years. So we cant just jump on some band wagon immediately and say, oh that heat wave was definitely Climate Change. We have to very carefully analyze the data and look to see if there is a trend laid over the pattern of natural variability. So weve always had our highs and lows, our wet and dry. But the assumption that our society is built on is that over long periods of time, 20 to 30 years, it all averages out. This is the assumption that we build our houses on, that we design our cities on, that determine where we grow our crops. What happens if that line is no longer stable . Then we still have our pattern of natural variabil÷dbuqa highs are getting higher over time. I one that depends on an aquifer that is going one way fast. So as we become more and more vulnerable to rain fall, thats just when Climate Change is coming along and altering that rainfall. So its a series of choices that weve made as a civilization, a society, at the local scale, national, and global, often not knowing what the result or the impact of those choices would be but all their lives, those people were told that god is omnipotent. If you challenge them on that and say, not god, but we have to change the course or we will suffer from Global Warming irrevocably, arent you undermining their faith . Thats one of the most frequently asked questions that we get. And so when my husband, whos a pastor when my husband and i wrote this book together, he was the one who laid out the book and said, these are the questions that we have to answer. And number one on that list was, if god is in control, if thats what we believe, then how could Something Like this happen . But isnt that the ageold question . Every time something happens in our lives, or that of our community, or our country, we think, if god is in control, how could that happen . How could a plane full of innocent people on their way to the aids Research Conference be shot down . And as ive talked to more and more people, ive started to figure out what the questions are that people have. And if you tackled the questions headon, how do we know this is real . Why do we think its humans, not a natural cycle of the sun or volcanoes, or anything else . Why do oqare about it . Why do i care about it . Here are my values, and here, based on my values, are why i care. If we can get past the issue of rhetoric and politics, and actually Start Talking about whats in our hearts, i have seen Amazing Things happen in terms of moving forward to look at solutions that are consistent with the values that we have. So let me ask about you. K1omn when it comes to science as you said, you crunch the data. You analyze statistical models, but to become a christian, you dont crunch the data. You dont analyze the models. But why do you require evidence as a scientist, that you dont sq÷. i q iever . T and yet people we both come from, people who love us and we love, remain distrustful of science, and of scientists. Yes. Why is that . For a long time, many of us have felt like scientists are on one side espousing one set of values. And christians and or conservatives are on the other side. And so along comes this new issue of Climate Change, which in my opinion has enormous theological implications. It is entirely consistent with the Christian Faith to love others and to love our neighbors. So along comes this issue of Climate Change, but who are the primary spokespeople . Its these pointyheaded scientists who have been on the other side of the fence, on many other issues regarding creation, evolution, the age of the universe. Even other issues today, like, genetic modification and things like that. So, its no surprise that when you get a messenger who is not trusted, who you perceive as not sharing your values, that you know, why would you believe them . It was so clear from the film that you have actually made some converts. Im nelly. I used to work at the cargill plant. Oh, okay. She was just talking about how all, that she hadnt really thought about well tell me what you were just, you know, like the things you know the things that we can do as far as, you know, taking some of that layer of blanket off, you kg]b iu u there, im sitting there going i didnt know that. Wow, you know, i didnt know that. I had never heard of Climate Change. After hearing katharine i was just like wow. If we start using the right things and doing the right things we could probably save our planet. Do you often get feedback like that . In person, i would say theres more positive feedback than negative. But in terms of not in person, internet, email, letters, things like that, i would say its why . Well, caring about climate is entirely consistent with who we are as christians. But over the last several t decades, we have increasingly begun to confound our politics with our faith. ]3b q to the point where instead of our faith dictating our attitudes on political and social issues, we are instead allowing our Political Party to dictate our attitude on issues that are clearly consistent with who we are. What does that tell you . That this issue pushes a button. It is a giant red button as big as this table, and it really makes people mad because they feel like it threatens something that they hold dear. And thats because weve been told that you cant be a christian, or you cant be a conservative, or j9aant be a person of faith or even a person of integrity and agree that climate is changing, that humans are responsible, and that theres something really important we need to do about it. Whos telling them that . Well, if you read the social science, which is honestly my favorite reading material these days, we have found out from social science that number one, if you take conservative protestants and you ask them what they think about Climate Change, but you control for age, for conservativism, and for Political Party affiliation, then the bias drops out. Thats what is accounting for fn conservative protestants thinking Climate Change isnt real. Its our political affiliation. But heres the thing. In the majority of cases, if you really dig down to the bottom of peoples objections to Climate Change, theyre not based on the science. Wmwrn theyre based on the solutions. People fundamentally object to the solutions to Climate Change, because Climate Change is a tragedy of the commons. So by definition, one individuals actions will not be sufficient to address the problem. We have to act together. Together it means government. People are fundamentally opposed to Government Solutions to a problem. And so, but its a lot easier to say it isnt a real problem, than to say it is a real problem, and its a very serious problem. But we dont support any action to do anything about it. I think i hear you suggesting that conservative christians are republicans who, are deeply influenced more by Republican Opposition to government than by Global Warming itself. Because if they take the science seriously, we have to do something about it. And the only way we can do something about it, is collectively through government. Yes, i believe actually that Climate Change is a casualty of much larger societal issues. Just to give you an example going back even farther, when we talk about Climate Change, the words we hear are things like carbon tax, and government legislation. If you go back in history, what was the whole American Revolution, what did the whole American Revolution come from . It came from tax and government tyranny, and government imposing sanctions and taxes on people that they didnt think were fair. And so i think its actually imbedded in the american psyche to object to big Government Solutions that involve taxing peoples rights to do or use whatever they want. Youve been quoted saying you feel like the conservative community, the evangelical community, and many other Christian Communities have been lied to. By whom . So with Climate Change, we have people who we trust in our community. ]sjhw we have people who are christians. We have people who call themselves christians. We have conservative leaders who may not be christian but are f4c very respected within the community. And these are the people standing up telling us its a ln, its not real. Or even maybe its real, but its not a big deal and we dont have to worry about it. Well, this is the puzzling thing. You know, why so many conservatives in leadership positions, republicans im talking about, why do they dismiss the science . What do they have to gain, except the satisfaction that theyre limiting the growth of government . Thats oh thats a great question. And honestly, trying to figure out that question is one of the main reasons why i am now in the department of political science. My backgrounds originally in physics, and then atmospheric science. And thez. Ast a couple of years ago, i actually moved departments for multiple reasons, as all of us do. But one of the reasons is because i feel like the science is there. We have all the information we need to take precautionary steps on this issue. Its not a scientific issue. Its not a matter of one more report will do it. One more National Climate assessment, thats what will solve the problem. One more new analogy, and people will get it. Information is not the answer. The answer has much more to do with who we are as humans, and how we function politically. So why is it that two christians walking down the same road of faith suddenly turn in exactly the opposite directions of belief about this issue of Global Warming . I think it relates to the fact that we often look to leaders we trust and respect to tell us what to think about it. And especially in the more evangelical parts of the christian community, we have a leadership vacuum. I mean, aside from billy graham, its hard to name a conservative christian leader whos been around for decades. People come and go. We dont have a pope francis. We dont have, you know, john paul, who has written very extensively and eloquently on the environment. So in that leadership vacuum, especially in the more conservative parts of the church, our political leaders step in. People who share values with us. The media steps in, people who will say the things that we agree with in terms of you know, abortion, gun control, immigration, things like that. So i think its a matter of we are being told things by people who dont like the solutions to Climate Change, and have decided that its a lot better and its a lot smarter to deny the reality of the problem than to acknowledge it exists, but say you dont want do anything about it. So we have people, for example, like bob inglis. Probably every politician when theyre first elected, say, to congress, they might be walked into a room and shown a picture of bob inglis and said, let me tell you what happened to bob. He, very conservative person onn every single issue, except Climate Change. His son convinced him that Climate Change really was real. Bob had the moral courage to stand up and say it is, and he was out. Defeated . Yes. At the polls . Uhhuh. In the primaries. Presumably by many very christian absolutely. Believers. And he is an outspoken with people except for that one, and that one was enough to end his career as a politician. But i mean, you know christians. We have a history of majoring on the minors. I grew up in a church where the church split between cousin gordon and somebody else over whether when you get to heaven n you get cups of equal size filled with different amounts of joy or whether somebody gets a;o full cup of joy but the cups are different sizes. So compared to that, Climate Change is a much bigger issue. So you said the recently, the evangelical world is the last significant holdout on the reality of this issue. This issue of manmade Global Warming. Do they have the muscle to prevent us from saving the planet . Goodness, i dont know the answer to that question. And im glad i dont because what motivates me is hope. The hope that by just changing a few minds, by giving, and its not, the responsibility is not mine to actually change their minds. I see my responsibility as giving people the information they need to make the right decision. And so bringing the issue home and saying, Climate Change isnt just kind of number 151 on a list of things you care about. Lets look at the top five things you care about. Lets look at your kids health, your job security, how much your bills cost to pay, like, your airconditioning bill and your water bill. And your faith. Lets look at things that matter, and then lets talk about how Climate Change interacts with and affects the n things that you already love, you already hold dear. And so my hope is, i dont know how many people have to make the balance. But all i know is, im just going to do my part. All right, then give people some concrete, specific things they can do about it. Three things. The first thing we can do is prepare to adapt to what we cant avoid. We already have a great idea of what is happening in each part of the country. Are we getting more frequent heavy rainfall and flood events÷ are we seeing stronger hurricanes . Are we seeing more heat waves . Look at the u. S. National climate assessment, great resource online, written in very plain english. Not for scientists, for other people. That tells us whats coming, and it just makes sense. Tuv its like weve been driving a car all these years, looking backwards. We need to take our eyes off ;jg that Rearview Mirror and actually look down the road and say, in ten, 20, 30 years, how high will sea level have risen . Therefore, should i be building my house here . How warm, or how wet, or how dry will it be therefore what types of crops should we be planting, if any . So thats the first thing, adaptation. The second thing we have to do is mitigation. Mitigation is reducing the amount of energy were getting from carbonbased fuels. We can do that two ways. We can switch to alternative sources of energy, or we can use less. So on an individual level, the number one thing i recommend is going online and figuring out what our personal Carbon Footprint is. The enormous balloon of Carbon Dioxide that we produce every year. And if its a good carbon calculator, and theres many good ones, itll give you a list of ten, 20, 30 things that you specifically could do depending on how far you drive to work, how big your house is, what part of the country you live in, how much money you have, things like that. Number three is we live in a democratic society. We need to tell our leaders that we care about this issue. Tell them, im a mom, and i care about it because of my kids. Im a christian, and i care about it because of my faith. Im a conservative business person, and i care about it because i want a healthy economy. And the myth is that Climate Change and a healthy economy are opposed. Thats right. We have the ability and i think we have the responsibility, to do that in the society that we live. Your parents were missionaries. Yes. Are you . Im starting to think i might be. For . I mean, imagine a world where, you know, the highways are made of solar panels that charge our cars as we drive. Where every house is just made ah anels with a little wind turbine in the corner. Where we have no air pollution anymore, you know, killing children with asthma and people with respiratory disease. I mean, i know this sounds like utopia. Sounds to me like it could be a new gospel. It may be. A gospel that builds on the resources that god has given us. We have more than enough Abundant Energy to power our society from wind, from solar, from tides. All the things that we believe, as given to us as a free gift. So i think that there is the ability to have a better future, one that is built on the goodness that god has given us here in this world. Katharine hayhoe, thank you very much for being with me. Thank you bill. On sunday, september 21st, americans from all over the country are gathering here in new york city for the peoples climate march. It could be the largest such march and rally ever. And it comes two days before delegates from around the world will meet at the United Nations for a summit on Climate Change. The demonstrators will urge the leaders and activists in attendance to act now to stop Global Warming before its too late. At our website billmoyers. Com, a you can find out more about the peoples climate march and the u. N. Summit, plus our continuing coverage of Climate Change news. Thats all at billmoyers. Com. Ill see you there and ill see you here, next time. Captions by vitac www. Vitac. Com dont wait a week. Visit billmoyers. Com for exclusive blogs, essays and video features. Announcer funding is provided by anne gumowitz, encouraging the renewal of democracy. Carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement and the advancement of International Peace and security at carnegie. Org. The ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. The herb alpert foundation, supporting organizations Whose Mission is to promote compassion and creativity in our society. The john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation, committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org. Park foundation, dedicated to heightening Public Awareness of critical issues. The kohlberg foundation. Barbara g. Fleischman. And by our sole corporate designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why were your retirement company. cnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnx this week on moyers company, 18yearold Kelsey Juliana on defending our future against Climate Change. You dont have to call yourself an activist to act. I think thats so important that people my age really get into their heads. As a younger person, i have everything to gain from taking action and everything to lose from not. Announcer funding is provided by anne gumowitz, encouraging the renewal of democracy. Carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement and the advancement of International Peace and security at carnegie. Org. The ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. The herb alpert foundation, supporting organizations Whose Mission is to promote compassion
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