u.s.a. and even kazakhstan. below japan are india, saudi arabia and last of all, yemen. whilst women make up 40% of the japanese workforce, they hold a mere 9% of all management positions. but change is in the air. the government wants large companies to increase the number of women in leadership positions to 15% by 2020. is this really doable? sayaka osakabe wanted a child and a career, something unusual in japanese society. she doesn't want to have to choose one over the other, unlike 2/3 of japanese women who give up their career aspirations with their first child. after a miscarriage, sayaka became pregnant again. but there were complications with the pregnancy and the teacher wanted to take her doctor's advice and stay home for a week. >> then my supervisor came here and sat right next to me. he said that i should resign. >> he accused her of being greedy because she didn't want to resign. instead of support, she was criticised for four hours. the next day, she dragged herself to work from 9:00 a.m. till midnight. two weeks later, she had another miscarriage. the 38-year old is angry, angry at her boss but above all at herself, because she allowed herself to be a prisoner of japanese cultural norms. >> it's really disgraceful to become a burden on society here. you can't forego your work because of your private life. that's not the japanese way -- it goes against japanese work culture. >> fujiko masumoto opted not to go against the grain. she decided to have a child, just like everyone else here. she is taking an exercise and nutrition course. it's for women who want to prepare themselves mentally and physically for pregnancy. here, they are doing a particular kind of yoga to strengthen the pelvis. >> mostly, it's because my husband really wants to have a child. i love it when he laughs. i want to have a child so i can see him laugh in the future. fujiko was a professional musician. she avoided pregnancy as long as she could because she knew it would be the end of her career. now she spends her days swallowing pills rather than performing concerts. 15 capsules a day -- vitamins, folic acid, omega-3, aliphatic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron -- for seven years now. her husband takes 19 pills a day. like fujiko, he also feels the massive social pressure to have a child. but he doesn't want to undergo a medical examination. ultimately, they both agree that it's the woman's responsibility. >> japanese society functions like this -- you start working at a particular age, you get married at a particular age, and so on. everything is predestined. japanese people look at you strangely if you break from this and go your own way. >> the so-called "salary men" are top executives in the japanese economy. there are very few women among them. the women who do work with them have poorly paid, part-time positions, or they work for temping agencies. they have no job security, no social security, and both their contracts and working conditions are harsh despite their having a university degree. according to the world economic forum's ranking for equal rights, japan is at a lowly 101 -- below bangladesh, uganda and tajikistan. >> the belief that it's better for women to stay at home and it's better for men to go to work has been around since the post-war economic boom. >> company culture is still male-dominated. from over hours, to after-work drinks, where workers end up in brothels or hostess bars where a bottle of champagne can cost upwards of 2000 euros, it's not really a place for businesswomen. no need for networking. not only that, working pregnant women and mothers are often bullied in the workplace, like sayaka was. their pay is often lower they can earn up to 60% less than a man in the same position. or they can simply be fired. one out of every four female employees experiences this, and half of all part-time workers. sayaka wants to do something about this discrimination. she is breaking the silence by going public with her organisation matahara net. >> i would like to spare as many women as possible the sadness, anger and confusion that i experienced. i would like to improve the situation. her biggest success -- after a parliamentary debate, a new law intended to increase the number of women in management positions was passed in april. it's a good start but it's filled with loopholes. >> the new law simply states that companies who are incorporating any kind of promotional program for women should report to the government that they are indeed making their own efforts. and it's not quite directed at women themselves. >> what women most need are working hours without overtime, childcare, and understanding. but even the ministry that proposed the new law is not happy with its current state. >> for example, we submitted a law on job measures to parliament. it was not adopted. included in the law was, among other things, that overtime would be better paid than it is now. paradoxically, the government would like nothing more than to offset the country's declining birth rate and avoid the looming threat of not having enough workers. japan's population is shrinking and getting older. but traditions and entrenched discrimination seem stronger than the aspiration of becoming a modern society with equal rights. sayaka osakabe knows that her fight will continue. >> it's very hard to break free from rigid structures like those in india's caste system. according to creation mythology, "brahmans" or priests, emerged from the head of primal man. warriors sprung from his shoulders, tradesmen from his stomach and servants from his feet. at the very bottom of this hierarchy are the dalits, or untouchables. this caste traditionally works in jobs deemed to be "unclean" and has 200 million members. ♪ >> it looks pretty and traditional, but it's revolutionary. a punjabi dalit is reaching for pop stardom. and ginni mahi has even higher aims. she wants young women like her to be the rule rather than the exception in show business. >> i want to break up the caste system. that's why i sing about equality. i address myself especially to fellow dalits. i want to give them self-confidence. ♪ >> ginni's success goes far beyond caste limits. the video for her latest hit, "danger," achieved a massive number of clicks online, and ginni hopes to appear in major bollywood films soon. she still lives at home. her father, who manages her, used to be a rickshaw driver. >> for us, a lot has changed for the positive. we're respected now and get a lot of compliments. i'm proud of my daughter. >> and she doesn't want to get above herself. at home she keeps in touch with the neighbours, most of whom from higher castes. >> she enhances us all and her message of equality for everyone is important. but it's far from reality for the more than 200 million dalits, who often live in ghettos like this, without good schools and permanent jobs. the main reason for this is the daily discrimination that's deeply anchored in society. >> there's no improvement for us. our children are naked and if they get sick there's no money for medicine. >> we are disadvantaged everywhere. people from higher castes make progress, but we earn less and less. >> so there's still a lot for ginni to do, and in one area she's not rebellious when it comes to love. >> my parents know best who's right for me. >> will caste play a role in her marriage? >> no, no, no, no. >> but first she wants to concentrate on her career, and in her world, that's very bold indeed. >> many migrants in europe, too, are keen to pursue a career and become part of society. we take a look at what life is like for them in switzerland. >> mow are things done in switzer sfland what are the social enormous? appropriate small talk? what is different here, like swiss punctuality, for example. >> here in switzerland, if someone is five minutes late, that makes us really upset. >> heinz gerig teaches swiss manners to refugees in zurich. the local government finances the course. the slogan here is not "we can do it request, as in germany, but rather you must do it -- compete with all the other job-seekers in switzerland. >> no one here is just waiting for you to turn up. you will only be successful if you are better than the other 300,000 people out there. then you will find a job. >> these 15already lived in switzerland for refugees have a few years. it is huge mix of people -- some exot read, others are academics. the goal is to help them excel. it's a year-long training course in the catering trade. hygiene is especially important, and often quite new for them. >> now to the toilets. you are not allowed to stand on them they are not built for people to stand on them. you have to sit on them. >> here in switzerland, quickly adapting to the country's customs is the key to success. they used to be explained right there at the border crossings. >> it used to be that people were given information about using toilets, showers, etc. and that was stopped due to cost cuts. now no one does that anymore. that's why we have to teach these things from scratch. >> sorting garbage properly the swiss way is the goal of today's lesson for these refugees. they arrived in the city of bern just a few weeks ago, and are being prepared for their apartment-hunt, as well as for dealing with mistrustful landlords and neighbors. funds from the social welfare office makes such courses at the salvation army possible. >> today's scours about home life. >> we are teaching you how to clean properly. how you can ensure that when you move out of an apartment, it is left in good condition, and is ready for the next people to move in. >> choosing the right cleaning agents can be intimidating. a volunteer is needed to try it out. >> not a woman. a man, please. ok, let's just observe quietly. afterwards we can say what he did right, and maybe what he did not do so well. all right, watch carefully. >> washing dishes under pressure, and turning off the tap to save water in between exemplary! rinsing off the soap, a job well done. >> it may well be that in some ways, they clean better than i do at home. the way we instruct here, is to warn them of the things they should not do, as if they would normally do the wrong thing. that's kind of a presumption, and i try not to express it that way. >> instead, games are used for learning. sorting garbage, for instance. where does aluminum go? and plastic? here, sorting waste is a science unto itself and the swiss are proud of it, something the course attendees don't quite understand. >> i have to laugh at how they do it here in syria, we put it all together and just throw it away. >> nextlessen -- lesson -- saying electricity. >> this is a power bar. you can plug several devices into it, for instance a computer, radio, tv. and when you go to sleep, just switch them all off here. >> at the end of the course, the attendees are given a certificate proving their new knowledge about life in switzerland. this is supposed to help them gain the confidence of future landlords. at the moment, they are living in communal apartments run by the salvation army. they alsogreeting their swiss learn about neighbors. >> greetings are very easy to learn. many people say "grüssach", which means, hello. it's bern dialect. they probably don't know that it means literally 'i greet you', but they just say, "grüssach". they learn things like that quickly, also that you should always knock before entering, and should to say "please" and "thank you." >> how men react to women in mini skirts that's today's lesson in zurich, taught by heinz gerig. >> those with short skirts on, they get harrassed on the street. >> why are they harassed? what's different? >> because young guys have never seen something like this before. and when they see it, they like to show off in front of their peers. >> they are promiscuous. there are men who think that. >> here everyone has the freedom to dress the way they want. and if someone doesn't want to wear any clothes, then he just doesn't. there is no deep hermining behind it. >> heinz gerig wants his students to succeed. even if only a few of them get a job, it is worth it for the local government to teach this course. >> if i pass the course and get a diploma and can find a good job: i have to be tough for this work. >> i worked as a school teach. but i am not allowed to be a teacher here. it's a bit hard to work with children. i have to find different work. >> instead of teaching children, this woman will soon begin work as a hotel maid or kitchen help. >> it's very, very important that we are honest with these people. about what it's like here. not how it could or should be. because the job market in switzerland is tough. >> greetings and table manners, tolerance and hygiene -- the clear rules on things like this is what has kept multilingual swiss society unified. only those who respect these rules will be able to fit in. >> according to the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources' red list, nearly 24,000 animal and plant species are under threat of extinction. and almost always, people are to blame. but how do we know which species are at risk? how is the red list drawn up? we went to kirindy forest in madagascar to talk to scientists working on the lemur red list. >> the forest at night. during the day it's very hot in this dry finalist western madagascar. most animals here are nocturnal, including some species of camillian and the mouse lemur. >> vision is so important for us humans so it is amazing to walk through the forest at night and to imagine how all these animals get about, find food or the next branch. >> nine species of lemur live in this forest. peter has been researching them for 20 years. every morning he and his team drive to kirindy forest to gather data -- for their research on lemurs, and for the red list. almost all species of lemur are endangered. the team observe the animals, track their movements, and collect samples of their feces. this information helps them determine to what degree the different species are at risk. that is important for their entries in the red lists of the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources. >> two items of information about any given species that go into the red lists are an estimate of how many individuals there are. and how its populations have developed in recent years. a third item is the size of its remaining habitat. people are the biggest threat to >> the lemurs of madagascar, because they are cutting or burning down more and more of the forests in which the lemurs live. this patch of forest is still fine. here, just a couple of kilometers away, it has been destroyed in just the past two years. local people removed the trees so they could plant maize and peanuts. despite the fact that the soil is not very fertile at all. for conservationists, it is a depressing situation. the loss of forest means fewer and fewer lemurs. these researchers hardly ever spot madame berthe's mouse lemur the world's smallest primate. >> madam berthe's mouse lemur can be found here, along with the grey mouse lemur, but it can only be found here in this forest. its entire global presence is within these few square kilometers. that means madame berthe's mouse lemur is incredibly hard hit when hundreds of hectares of forest are cleared here. that is a huge part of its remaining natural habitat. of all the species of lemur, >> madame berthe's mouse lemur is most at risk. so it tops the red list for lemurs. in the lab at their research station, lemur feces is analysed. behavioral ecologist and sociobiologist dr. claudia fichtel measures levels of stress hormones. raised levels indicate that life is tough for the animals. >> it's also an indicator their health is compromised. just as longterm stress affects the health of humans, it affects the health of lemurs and that in turn is important for their red list entries. it takes a lot of time to >> prepare data for the red list. the scientists here are doing that alongside their own research. but they say it is important to establish where each species figures in the various categories of threat. it is a useful indicator of the state of biodiversity. the red lists cover almost 83,000 slant and animal species worldwide. close to 1/3 of them are endangered. there are examples of species once close to extinction that have recovered. peter wants to make sure the lemurs of this forest also stand a chance of surviving. >> and now to chile where we pay a visit to the home of arturo duclos, in global living rooms. ♪ >> hello, and welcome to my home. do come in my name is artura duclos. this is my home and it's also my gallery where i exhibit my works of art. its a really great place to live and to enjoy life. for the last 30 years, i have used political, cultural and social symbols in my art. since 1983, i've been working with bones. i started to use them as symbols of the disappeared detainees and the repression that went on during the military dictatorship. this is a photo of my wife dominique. we've lived here for the last five years. we live in downtown santiago. our living room and the rest of the flat is filled with our collections. some people have photo albums, we tell our life stories through the objects we collect. we have more than 900 pieces and they come from lots of different places. for example, this one comes from holland. and others from mexico, like these little ones you see here. and these are from bolivia. we love to cook and to invite people over to share good food. for me its really important to grow my own herbs which i have here outside on my balcony, i have mint and other fresh herbs. we are here in the historical district of santiago. it really isn't that old, but it does show the last 150 years of our history. so now youve seen why this is the perfect place for me to live. thank you so much for coming to see my home. until next time, bye-bye. >> and that's all from us. you can watch the programme online and write to us at global 3,[email protected] and follow us on facebook. [capx0 [rock music] (male narrator) memphis, tennessee. it has been written if music were religion that memphis would be jerusalem and sun studio, its most sacred shrine. and you are here with jason d. williams. - hey, what's happenin' out there? this is old jason d. williams. we're at sun studio, the great recording. today we had a great show. on the guitar, i had ron ace norton. he's really great. "popcorn" james irving on the drums. one drum.. two drums. we had mr. rodney williams polk.