Across europe issues surrounding domestic security are hotly debated. From brussels and paris, to berlin and manchester the frequency of attacks is on the rise. France is strongly committed to western secular liberalism and has a high number of young, disadvantaged muslims living in its citys suburbs making the country a prime target for the Islamic State. Authorities are doing what they can to prevent further attacks and to arrest those with connections to jihadists. But even in custody, they are still dangerous. In southern montpellier, we meet karim, one of many young men who was at risk of being radicalized in prison. Reporter today, karim mokhtari is free to enjoy a stroll on the beach near montpellier in southern france. But he spent a long time in prison for Armed Robbery that resulted in a death. And that wasnt all in prison, he fell under the sway of a radical preacher who wanted to recruit him for terrorist attacks for the socalled Islamic State. Karim i had no spiritual foundation. I didnt know who i was, where i came from, what religion i had. The preacher exploited this weakness to pull me into his orbit. Reporter mokhtaris parents abused him. He landed in a detention home and began a typical criminal career. Prison was like criminal graduate school. An Islamic State recruiter began influencing him and telling him what he ought to do. Karim he had a very dark look in his eyes and he said, karim, now you are a muslim and you must defend islam. You must kill the unbelievers wherever you find them. Reporter the french state finds it difficult to counter islamist radicalization in its prisons. Last year, it was decided to isolate the radicals from the other prisoners, but the decision wasnt implemented, in part because there just isnt room in the overfilled jails. Attorneys for victims of terrorism say the authorities are not fulfilling their responsibility. Guillaume something must be ise, people who are a risk, who persuade others of their radical theories, and who are extremely violent themselves will continue to be sent to normal prison wards. There they are in contact with other inmates, and so radical islamism will continue to spread. Reporter mokhtari says separating radicals is not enough. The young men in prison should be prepared for life when they are released. Karim we need to find out what makes these young men willing to die for one moment of intense existence. We have to show them how they can become useful, recognized members of society. Reporter in some prisons, like here in osni near paris, prisoners judged to be terrorism risks are under surveillance around the clock. The guards are supposed to find out who is really dangerous and should be isolated. A correctional officer who wants to remain anonymous says thats easier said than done. The most dangerous ones arent those who pray the most or who practice their religion most devoutly. The most dangerous ones work in secret. They seem completely normal, even in prison. We look for little signs what they read or watch on tv, and how they behave when exercising in the yard. Reporter the french authorities long tried to ban islam as such from the prisons. Only in recent years have they begun hiring imams to teach inmates a peaceful form of islam. Mokhtari says it was a catholic prison chaplain who turned him around. Karim i felt that not even god could forgive me for what i had done. The priests words changed my life if god tests you, its because he loves you. You have the strength within you to master this test. I always wanted my mother to love me, and then someone says there is a power that loves me more than people can love me. Reporter mokhtari didnt convert to catholicism. He wanted to find his own roots, so he learned about islam and became a muslim. Today, he works with prisoners. First he tries to get them to accept that their prison sentence is justified. Then he helps them look for an apartment and a job when their sentence is over. Many regard mokhtari as a wonderful exception, but still an exception. Guillaume looking at the psychological profiles of the i. S. Recruits, you see how radical and brutal some of them are. You cant bring them back. Reporter mokhtari is convinced he cant relapse into crime. But he says radicals in prison still have far too easy a time finding recruits for terrorism. Michelle the head of europes Law EnforcementAgency Europol called the number of jihadist rrorist attacks across the continent unprecedented, also in germany. Worrying tnd tt police and border controls incrsingly find is the buying and selling of real german passports. While some are bought by Illegal Immigrants who seek economic or political asum, others are used by terrorists who with the right papersould easily pass through borders and strike. Our reporters reveal serious security gaps. Reporter an arabiclanguage facebook page. Here, its easy to find tips for entering europe illegally, on a real passport and by plane for a price. We pretend to be in the market for a real passport to see just how easy it is to come by. Our front 24yearold amr from syria is offering his german refugee passport, claiming hes returning home. A prospective buyer isnt long in coming. Recording with a hidden camera, we meet a syrian man, about 30 years old. He wants to bring his brother to germany from turkey, and he needs a passport. He shows us a photo. As soon as my brothers in greece, ill send him your passport. As soon as hes in germany, ill call you and give it back. Nobody will notice. But if your brother messes up, itll come back to me. Once youve sold something and received the money, you are no longer responsible. I need the passport for my brother. As soon as hes here, youll get it back. Really. How will he get from greece to munich . Hell fly to france, and from there to munich. The checks on direct flights from greece to germany are getting tougher, but flights coming from france or italy arent checked as often. Reporter what does Law Enforcement know about this . We enquire with europol, but they wont give an interview on is known to europol. Original documents are in high demand with Illegal Migrants europol mentioned a growing business trend but doesnt cite any exact figures. We head off to the netherlands. On a facebook forum, weve contacted a syrian who made it into europe by plane on a real passport. Hes a syrian chemist in his early thirties. It took him over a year to reach western europe. His brother was granted refugee status, but he was denied entry for lack of a visa. So he turned to a smuggler. The route took him from syria through turkey to greece and then to athens airport. The smuggler looked at me and picked out some photos on his laptop that resembled me. He had lots of refugee passports as well as regular passports of all nationalities. This man looked quite normal not like a criminal, but more like a salesman. He wasnt the violent type or a slave trader. It was just his business to smuggle people. Reporter the syrian passed 3500 euros to a middle man, and two days later, he was on a plane out of athens. He says there were two more refugees on that flight one headed to belgium, the other to germany put there by the same smuggler. In answer to our enquiry, the German Government conceded that prevented from boarding in greek airports. This is an increase of more than 6 over the previous years figure. In addition, about 6000 unauthorized entries were detected at german airports. Anyone who makes it to germany on false papers can theoretically use them to rent an apartment and claim benefits, or even go underground. More prospective buyers show up for the german refugee passport we pretend to offer. Within days, we see it advertized in a public arabiclanguage chat room along with several other passports. It serves as a marketplace for i. D. Papers. Brother, i also need photos of your other papers insurance cards, bank cards, bank statements, and so on. Reporter it would be just as easy for terrorists to enter the country, disappear, and plan attacks. The attacks in paris, brussels, and berlin prove that this concern is wellfounded. As long as they can be bought and sold so easily, the papers are failing to serve their intended purpose. Michelle lina alvarez needed in vitro fertilization to have a baby, who is now seven months old. Lina says that she cries with joy since having the chance to be a mother again. But her use of both a donor egg and sperm has its critics. Because lina is 63 years old. Her pregnancy has ignited a heated debate in her native country, spain, over calls to cap the age limit for fertility treatment. But lina says her little girl has made her younger and stronger. Reporter lina alvarez has become a mother once again at the age of 62. She named her daughter lina, after herself. Baby lina started out as an embryo conceived from donated egg and sperm cells in a test tube and was implanted in the womb after her mothertobe underwent hormone therapy. Lina i still cant believe it. Its like magic, and shes already seven months old. The whole family is overjoyed. Reporter she had her first child at the age of 34. But her son exiquio was born mentally disabled. Her marriage broke up, and for years afterwards she had no opportunity to have any more children. Lina time passed, and with my disabled son, i had a hard time finding another partner. Then i started menopause too early. By the time i realized it, i was 42 and couldnt have any more children. Reporter to lina alvarez, it was a blessing that spain allowed her to use donor eggs. Shes had two babies using this method her son samuel, whos now in school, and baby lina. The family is wellknown in their hometown lugo in galicia, and a hot topic for debates on late motherhood throughout spain. Many see it as selfish to have children at such an advanced age. By the time the children are 20, they probably wont have any parents anymore. Its tough on the kids to have such old parents. Reporter but lina alvarez doesnt feel like a grandmother. She feels that its a sign of progress to be able to have babies this way. Lina for heavens sake, i dont know whats selfish about it. Im just as much there for my children, and my experience is a great advantage. That speaks in favor of having children at my age. Reporter more and more women in spain are having babies later in life. Private fertility clinics like this one in madrid charge around 8000 euros for the procedure. It involves implanting fertilized eggs from anonymous donors. But unlike other countries, spain sets no legal age limit. Even so, doctors often refuse to perform the procedure on women over 50. They have even signed a voluntary agreement. Antonio of course we now have the ability to initiate pregnancies in women over 60. But we also want healthy children, and the probability of giving birth to a healthy child drops in women over age 50. Reporter legal expert carlos romeo casabona sees the voluntary agreement as useless. Hes a member of the Spanish Commission for reproductive medicine. Hes disappointed that the commission couldnt push through an age limit when the legislation about assisted reproduction was passed in 2006. Carlos i personally detailed the problems associated with late pregnancies for the health minister. But they didnt want to set an age limit because of a womans right to selfdetermination. Reporter lina alvarez is proud of spains liberal laws. And the children are proud of their mother. Samuel shes my mother, after all. It doesnt matter how old she is. Shell always be my mother. Reporter lina alvarez sees herself as a pioneer. And shes offended by the debate over motherhood late in life, as she feels its a very private matter. Lina nobody cares if a man becomes a father at 70. But they do if a mother does. Of course, the mothers responsibility is greater. She plays a more Important Role at least, i think so, even if she shouldnt. Reporter at 85 years, spanish women have one of the worlds highest life expectancies. So lina alvarez may well be able to see her daughter far into adulthood. Michelle peace in Northern Ireland remains precarious almost two decades after the good friday agreement to bring Armed Conflict to an end. And now, britains impending withdrawal from the eu threatens to reignite tensions between the catholic and protestant communities of belfast. As british Prime Minister theresa may looks to make a deal with Northern Irelands main unionist party, critics say she risks stirring up trouble with die hard republicans and loyalists who still live divided by a wall. Here, we meet two men, living on opposite sides of the wall, holding opposite views of whats to come. Reporter for Robert Mcclenaghan, noises like this revive memories of the 16 years he spent in prison. He was an ira man a bomber, who blew up shops for the cause, hoping to force the British Government to end its rule in Northern Ireland. He calls himself a soldier, but others called him a terrorist. Today, the cell that once held him is a museum. Robert they were raidin our homes. They were killin my relatives. So what do you do . Do you bury your head in the sand and pretend that all this doesnt happen . Or, like me and my generation, do you stand up and do you fight back . Reporter then, i meet noel just a stones throw away, but on the other side of a vast gulf. Noel was a hitman. He did 20 years in prison. He calls himself a soldier for the crown, fighting to keep Northern Ireland british. The residents of the shankill area here make a show of their loyalty in fresh paint, and fabric. Noel ill shoot a catholic nationalist. That way, the message is being sent to that community if you want to support ira Armed Struggle, this is the price that you will pay. Reporter seen from above, belfast looks much like any other city. But beneath the surface, the wounds run deep, and the pain is still felt. Nearly 20 years after the good friday agreement, the city is still divided by peace walls. One separates the loyalist shankill from the republican falls road. And theres little desire to tear it down. Now, its something of a tourist attraction. Even Robert Mcclenaghan likes to bring visitors here to see his cousin, an ira fighter immortalized in the mural. Robert feels emotionally torn between his enthusiasm for the Armed Struggle and his remorse for the victims. Now, the feelings are resurfacing, with some of his neighbors against the Peace Process. If brexit results in a closed border to the republic of ireland, it could trigger a new conflict. Robert it only takes one person to push their finger on the bomb. And thats all it takes for the Peace Process to be put in absolute peril. And the bombs are still there . Robert yes, they have weapons. Yes, they have explosives. Reporter many residents would rather it stay up. Things have been quiet for some time now, but that may well be due to the wall. The wiggins live right next to it in a comfortable shankillarea house with a tidy garden and a porch swing. If the wall came down, theyd leave immediately. Albert we feel very secure living here. Isabel were safe here. We feel secure because of the wall. Albert if the wall wasnt there, thered be murder along here. Isabel i wouldnt be living here. Reporter people in belfast keep the stories of their heroic fighters alive. The city is burdened with its if you want reconciliation, its a different ball game, because they were never like that in the first place. So, to do that now would be a tremendous upheaval of people. Its probably going to take future generations to begin this process of intermingling. Reporter it appears that it wouldnt take much to upset the fragile balance of peace in Northern Ireland. And now, the british conservatives are depending on the main protestant party, the democratic unionists, to govern. And that greatly worries irish nationalist Robert Mcclenaghan. All at once, the fear of losing ground and being pushed aside is back again. Robert the British Government just tore up the Peace Process. The British Government just tore up the political process for very selfish, narrow political interests to keep the conservatives in power, and i think thats absolutely disgusting and outrageous. Reporter on the loyalist shankill road, noel large also brings tourists to see his part of local history. He insists his cause was just even if he regrets having killed for it. Whatever happens in the political arena now, he doesnt want to move backwards. At their own checkpoint charlie, robert hands over his tourist guests to noel with a handshake. Its no reconciliation, but an impressive step forward, and away from the troubles. Michelle another country that is still trying to heal wounds from the past is poland. Before the second world war, one third of the city of lodz was jewish. After the holocaust, jews living there were all but wiped out. Now a growing community some 300 strong is trying to overcoming antisemitism in the heart of staunchly catholic and conservative poland, to establish a new life. Reporter an image of hope. Miriam szychowska, the wife of the rabbi of lodz, cycles cheerfully with her little son. Before world war ii, a third of the citys population was jewish. The nazis murdered them all. Now miriam heads a jewish Daycare Center. Five children come every day. They learn hebrew, the religions rituals, and jewish songs. The Daycare Center was founded a year and a half ago. It takes a long time to reestablish a culture. Asked whether there are still prejudice against jews here, miriam says it can be dealt with. Miriam what is antisemitism . I think poland and lodz are a bit afraid. Its that simple. And fear is not evil. Only if it turns into aggression does it become dangerous. But we just say, we jews are okay. Were not going to take away your houses, were not going to eat your children, were not going to circumcise your sons. We sit here at pomorska street 18, we have our little ghetto. Reporter the Jewish Community here is a microcosm. Recently, this shop began selling kosher food. Miriam picks up some meat pate and some onion jam. Food is always being prepared at the Jewish Community center, and theres always something new. Miriam to be perfectly clear, this is margarine, not butter. Its not kosher to mix butter and meat. Reporter the Community Center prepares a kosher lunch every day. And the jews of lodz are coming there are 300 of them now. Before the fall of communism, there were only 60. A line of children follow miriam. She is an energetic woman, and clearly proud of the young generation of jews here in lodz. She gives the children lemon juice instead of chocolate. They represent the future. This man and the children are a statement even the holocaust couldnt destroy us completely. Michelle thats it for today. Thank you for watching. In the meantime, its goodbye from me and the whole team. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] steves on the mediterranean sea, basking between the french and italian rivieras, the principality of monaco barely fits on its one square mile of territory. Of its 30,000 residents, less than 10,000 are true monegasques, as locals are called. Many of the rest call monaco home because theres no income tax. Despite overdevelopment, high prices, and mobs of tourists, a visit here is a riviera must. And monaco is a work in progress. The district of fontvieille was reclaimed from the sea. It bristles with luxury highrise condos. The breakwater constructed elsewhere and towed in enables cruise ships to dock. And cars still race, as they have since 1929, around the principality in one of the worlds most famous auto races the grand prix of monaco. The miniscule principality has always been tiny, but it used to be less tiny. In the 1860s, it lost most of its territory to france. But the prince built a casino and managed to connect his domain to the rest of the riviera with a new road and a train line. Humble monaco was suddenly on the grand tour map the place for the vacationing aristocracy to play. Today, the people of monaco have one of the worlds highest percapita incomes, with plush apartments to match. Its famous casino allows the wealthy to eoy losing money in extreme comfort. If monaco is a business, the prince is its ceo. While the casino generates only a small part of the states revenue, its many banks, which provide an attractive way to protect your money from the tax man, earn much more. There is no income tax here, but the prince collects plenty of money in valueadded taxes, real estate taxes, and corporate taxes. Nearly all of monacos sights are packed in a cinderella neighborhood atop its fortified hill. Its impressive aquarium, which proudly crowns the cliff like a palace, was directed by Jacques Cousteau for 17 years. A medieval castle sat where monacos palace sits today. The palace square features a statue of francois grimaldi, a renegade italian who captured monaco disguised as a monk in 1297. This first ruler of monaco established the dynasty that still rules the principality. Today, over 700 years later, the current prince is his direct descendant. Palace guards protect the ruling grimaldi family 24 7. And they change with the pageantry of an important nation. Every day at about noon, tourists pack the square to witness the spectacle in this improbable little princedom. [ band playing march ]