Lived and worked there, gunnar has never struggled more to find people to interview. He says longstanding tensions between the current regime and the large kurdish minority are worse than theyve ever been. Many were simply too afraid to talk to him. Gunnar the Ruling Ak Party has never won an election here in diyarbakir. But as the country gears up for a constitutional referendum that would give the president more power, posters showing the image of Recep Tayyip Erdogan seem omnipresent in the mainly kurdish city. The message is that the kurds should likewise say yes to the changes. For journalist fuat yasar, thats a sign the vote will be unfair especially in kurdish regions. Mr. Yasar as soon as a few people come out on the street to campaign for a no vote, the police show up immediately. The governor has banned all opposition events for socalled security reasons. Gunnar in diyarbakir, opponents of the constitutional reforms can only meet behind closed doors. Yasar is among those planning to vote no. As a kurd, hes worried about losing more rights if president erdogan gets his way. The controversial draft resolution doesnt include protections for kurds and other minorities. For yasar, its also a personal issue. His father, a local kurdish politician, has been in prison for half a year. Yasars seeking support from the kurdish opposition, who say there are too many kurds sitting in turkish jails. Ms. Guven at the moment, thousands of our hdp Party Members are in prison, including mayors and lawmakers. The conditions there are so unbearable that many of them have gone on hunger strike. Mr. Yasar my father pushed for peace at every opportunity. He never called for violence, which is what hes been accused of. He said people should lay down their weapons, and also said publicly that only peace has a future. Gunnar meanwhile, fighting continues between pkk militants and Turkish Security forces in southeastern turkey. A year ago, a fierce battle in the historic sur district of diyarbakir left ancient buildings in ruins. The government has now had many of them demolished, and forced residents to flee. But some kurds believe erdogan is the only hope for restarting the peace process. While the local branch of the akp did not want to meet us, these proyes activists are happy to be filmed. They dont have a big audience today, but they think the constitutional reforms will also have positive effects for kurds. Mr. Ay the new constitution promises everyone countless new freedoms, irrespective of their ethnic origin, faith, or political views. But when a lawmaker or mayor supports a terrorist organization like the pkk, then they must be brought to account, regardless of whether theyre kurdish or not. Gunnar yasar is worried the ongoing repression of a peaceful kurdish opposition will drive more people into the arms of the pkk. He works for a small kurdish television channel, which is now only permitted to broadcast online. He doesnt know how much longer that will last, but he hopes erdogan will be denied the chance to implement his plans. Mr. Yasar since my father has been in prison, i know that i have to fight harder for justice. You can lock up my father, but you cant stop our longing for freedom. Gunnar for now, a tense calm has descended on diyarbakir. But yasar is concerned violence will increase again if the yes vote wins and erdogan gets major new powers. For most kurds, the banners flying all over the city mean anything but freedom. Michelle kwasi owusu left his home in ghana, dreaming of a better life for himself and his family in europe. But after 15 years toiling away as a farm laborer in southeastern spain, he has little to show for it. Hes one of many economic migrants from africa who work and live in inhumane and often dangerous conditions. Our reporter visited the sea of plastic greenhouses that blanket the region to find out how such exploitation could happen. Reporter kwasi owusu is showing us around his makeshift hut. 15 years ago, he journeyed from ghana to spain to find work. But his hopes of finding a better life have been well and truly dashed. Mr. Owusu look at that. If it caught fire, wed have a problem. Were expected to work hard, so we have a right to a decent place to live. Its not fair that we have to live like this. Reporter but no one will rent him an apartment despite the fact that he has a residence permit leaving kwasi to live in whats basically a slum. Drinking water has to be fetched in a cart. Residents have to wash in public. Its a similar story with many other african migrants here in almeria. Theyre agricultural workers, but barely earn enough to get by. Mr. Owusu look at them. Its hotter inside them than it is outside. The owner pays a pittance 33 or 34 euros a day. And you dont get a contract. Reporter migrants like kwasi provide cheap labor in the plastic greenhouses that are omnipresent in almeria. Many of the migrants work illegally. Without a job contract, they cant find anywhere to live. Their employers are reluctant to talk. They dont want our cameras here. Juan lopez does agree to be interviewed. He employs african day laborers, and assures us they all have job contracts, social security, and a wage of 40 euros a day. But he says he can understand why some smallholders pay less and dont bother with social security. The economic pressures are too great. Its the distributors who are earning the real money. Mr. Romera it takes one whole day to harvest 2000 kilos of peppers. I need eight people. I should really be getting more money for my produce. If i were, then id be able to pay them more. Reporter every day before dawn, the migrants gather on the street corners in the hope of being picked up by a smallholder for a days work in the greenhouses. None of the migrants are willing to talk to us. We approach a spanish van driver. He just does what hes told, he says. Im just a simple worker. Im no better off than the migrants. Reporter many spaniards do indeed work under similarly precarious conditions, with little or no social security, and for a meager wage. But according to trade unionist jose garcia, the difference is that migrants are not even aware of their rights. In his eyes, its pure exploitation. He hands out flyers to the day laborers coming off their shifts. Mr. Cueva you should be getting 46 euros a day, not 30. And your boss should be paying into social insurance schemes so that you can claim a pension later. You should also be wearing protective face masks when you work with chemicals. Safety is vital. You could get sick. Reporter but few day laborers are prepared to raise these issues with their bosses, for fear of losing their job. Mr. Mendy fear is always the enemy. Reporter according to the unionists, the government is turning a blind eye. Mr. Cueva the politicians are just burying their heads in the sand. They dont want trouble, theyre not interested. You have to remember, most day laborers in almeria arent going to vote. So, they dont have a lobby. Reporter we tried to talk to the authorities in almeria, but were refused an interview. Day laborer kwasi owusu is bitter. Hes lost faith in the spanish authorities. Mr. Owusu i just want the authorities to help people find decent places to live and to help us get slightly higher wages. We dont know how to claim our rights. Reporter kwasi sends the money he earns in spain back to his wife and three children in ghana, who he misses dearly. But given the way hes forced to live, hed rather not bring them over to europe. Michelle russias annexation of crimea unsettled other former members of the soviet union especially latvia, which has a considerably larger proportion of russian speakers than ukraine. While moscow continues to enjoy support among older, ethnic russians, in the capital riga, there are signs of the younger, postcold war generation breaking with sovietera trends and shifting in alliance from moscow to the european union. Reporter mara is a regular shopper at rigas central market. Its a Meeting Point for latvian and ethnic russian residents. At the fishstand latvian eels, next to russia carp and caviar. Maras Mother Tongue is latvian the countrys official language and she is proud of her homeland. She meets up with alexei in this fish restaurant. Hes also a latvian citizen, but his Mother Tongue is russian. Mara is a wellknown singer. Alexei is a photographer. And the two seem to understand each other very well, in various ways. Mara i speak latvian. But maybe thats because when i started, i was, like, six. I started in latvian, and alexei was polite enough to continue his latvian. Alexei for us to know three languages, its a must have, you know . And we think that its normal. Mara well, the situation when i go in the shop and i try to buy wrong. Reporter and thats no rare occurrence. Mara lives on moscow street, and the street does indeed lead to moscow. She moved here 12 years ago. Now, she lives as a latvian in maskatschka, or, little moscow. She also had her two children here. Its a neighborhood that doesnt really feel like part of the eu. Mara loves the area, but acknowledges its less positive aspects. There are few jobs, and drugdealers on every other street corner. Its a world unto itself, where people watch russian television. Hardly anyone speaks latvian, even though its impossible to vote, get a passport, or work for the government without the language. Until the outbreak of the crimean conflict, latvian tv had no russianlanguage programming a gap exploited by moscow. Now, state tv has a special new Service Catering to that audience. Ms. Safronova its never too late to do something. Weve waited 25 years in latvia to have russian language tv for our minority. We lost a lot of people to russian tv. Reporter in their attempt to compete with russian media, the russian language latvian broadcaster has found allies in rigas lovely art nouveau district. In 2014, the neighborhood became home to a segment of the russian intelligentsia 20 employees of russias most successful internet portal, living in exile. Getting a meeting with editor in chief Ivan Kolpakov is not easy. But we did. The meduza website takes an indepth look at russia every day and offers an alternative to moscows state propaganda. These Young Russians hope for a better time postputin. Theyre used to finding their news for themselves on the internet. Mr. Kolpakov they dont watch television. Thats why the whole Propaganda Machine isnt working with them. This is what, right now, the specialists, the guys in the president S Administration felt television doesnt work with the huge and very important and very active part of the society. Reporter so what can actually be done in the face of headlines proclaiming the demise of latvia, and other propaganda . Mr. Kolpakov right now, russia has a much better infrastructure than europe the usa or any western country. This is the unpleasant truth about this situation. Reporter alexei the photographer has been avoiding propaganda for quite some time. Hes part of a younger sings. A difficult riga, where new things are growing and a riga with high hopes for the future a bridge between russia and europe. Michelle no one in britain was more fervent dogmatic, even in their desire to leave the eu than the nations fishermen. Probrexit campaigners promised they would enjoy exclusive access to british waters. The fate of north sea and English Channel fish will be a highly contentious issue in the brexit negotiations. Nowhere would be as badly affected by a ban as the industry in northern france, whose fishermen fear losing access to english waters. Reporter almost everyone at brixham fish market voted for brexit. The result of last summers referendum was a cause for celebration for fishermen here in the southwest of england. Theyve been at odds with the eu for decades. Mr. Perkins we can actually stand on our own two feet. Somebody else can make the decisions rather than a bunch of 25 year olds sat in brussels. Reporter the fishermen hoped brexit would restore control over what they consider their fishing waters. Mr. Young we just hope that we can gain some of that back, to have a fair share of whats rightly the English Channel. Sleeve the english see the body of water as theirs. At the moment, boats from elsewhere in the eu are allowed to fish up to six nautical miles off the british coast. British fishermen have to stay 12 miles away from continental coastlines. There are only 12,000 british fishermen left, but they have great symbolic importance and are politically very active. Mr. Deas the best deal will be to have an exclusive 12 mile limit for our coastal fishermen. Reporter such demands have unleashed shockwaves across the channel in france. In boulogne, fisherman depend on fish caught in british waters for their livelihoods. At stake several Million Euros worth of trade a year. Mr. Pinto were afraid of brexit. France and especially we here in the north of the country get 80 of our catch from british waters. Reporter losing their british catch is one thing. But what french fisherman now fear even more is dutch and belgian competitors fishing off their coastline as an alternative to the English Channel. Mr. Pinto it would completely exhaust our resources. The whole thing would endanger european coexistence. The next step would be for us to withdraw from the eu and forbid holland and belgium from fishing in our waters. Reporter the last of the socalled cod wars was 40 years ago. Back then, icelandic and british ships rammed one another in a dispute over fishing. Eventually, diplomatic relations were temporarily suspended between the countries. And tensions are now increasing again on either side of the English Channel. British fishermen sell two thirds of their catch in europe. French fishermen are already calling for import levies. Mr. Robert we have to stick to catch quotas while next door, they can fish all they want. Reporter ignorance, prejudice, and resentment familiar factors that are feeding yet another conflict. Almost everyone we talked to in boulogne said theyd be voting for rightwing populist marine lepen in the upcoming president ial election. Anger at the eu unites fishermen on both sides of the channel. Mr. Pinto the eu hasnt understood the fishing world. There are far too many contradictory laws. That forces us french fishermen to ask the same questions as our british colleagues. And one day we might demand our own brexit a frexit. Reporter other membernations following britains example is a nightmare scenario for proponents of a strong eu. They insist that the deal for britain to leave the union should mean worse conditions than for staying in. But british fishermen are adamant that this wont be the case for them. Michelle a row over fishing that highlights how even a relatively small industry may make waves in the brexit negotiations. When you think of a surfers paradise, azure skies and images of palm trees dotting the shores of bali, australia, or hawaii may come to mind. But for friends anton and constantine, Gale Force Winds and snow blizzards are more their thing. They are trying to transform their home in kamchatka, a remote peninsula in the wilderness of siberia, into a magnet for european surfers. Reporter anton and konstantin are on their way to their favorite beach. The only way down there is by snowmobile. Anton marozov grew up here in the kamchatka region. His friend konstantin is visiting him from moscow. The peninsular in the far east of russia is about the same size and shape as california. Its said to be home to more volcanoes than people. And very few are willing to brave the icy waters of the Northern Pacific ocean. For them, surfing in places like bali is for lightweights, whereas kamchatka is rugged and exciting. A snowstorm appears out of nowhere. It batters the landscape and locals mercilessly for the next three days. Moscow is 6700 kilometers away. Most people here work in the fishing industry. A lot of Bare Necessities have to be imported. The local housing was built during soviet times, and has seen better days. Antons father used to work on a trawler. Another major employer in the region is the russian military. The military zone is offlimits. This is the base of the Russian PacificNuclear Submarine fleet. Its an inhospitable place. The surfers look like they belong in a parallel universe. Mr. Morozov so long as there arent any dogs flying through the air, its good. The wind has calmed down. It was pretty stormy during the night. Weve learned to live with it. But surfings out of the question today. Reporter on the water, at least. Instead, the lads repurpose their surfboards as snowboards. Theyre sturdy steeds, they say, and are made locally by friends. Anton and konstantin want to see surfing become a major industry in kamchatka. For the time being, locals think theyre pretty crazy. But they have a vision. Theyve organized a Photo Exhibition designed to provide a glimpse of surfer culture, which is still relatively unknown in russia. Mr. Morozov these are the first surfboards made by local lads in kamchatka. Theyve already come a long way. Were very proud of their craftsmanship. Reporter surfing enthusiasts have come from far and wide for tonights party. They all hope that one day, surfing will be as big a deal here in russia as it is across the pacific in the u. S. After all, kamchatka is closer to seattle and tokyo than it is to moscow. And people here are openminded. The surfers are convinced that laidback surfer culture could do russia a lot of good. The next day, anton and konstantin try their luck again. The storms died down. It was years before konstantin from moscow dared venture into the chilly North Pacific. The outside temperature is minus 15 degrees celsius. The water temperature hovers at about 1 degree plus. Thanks to the North Pacific current, the bering sea hardly ever freezes. Anton has gone surfing when it was minus 22 degrees, and the water measured minus 4. When its that cold, the foam on the waves does freeze. You can hear it creaking, he tells us. He says surfing in those conditions is an incredible adrenaline kick. Only the most confident surfers are prepared to go in search of the perfect wave on the bering sea. Mr. Morozov out there, youre on your own. The forces of the ocean are incredibly powerful. You use up a lot energy fighting the current. Today when i was trying to catch the waves, i could really feel the storm. Reporter surfs up in kamchatka. Michelle with the steady stream of tourists theyve gained in recent years, the future of russian surfing may be closer than we think. Thats it for today. In the meantime, goodbye. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org]