Prayers in hebrew ring in the air. No, it isnt jerusalem but the ukrainian city uman. Tens of thousands of hasidic jews from all over the world flock there to celebrate the jewish new year. These ultraorthodox jews make the pilgrimage to central ukraine every year because a founder of their sect is buried there. Uman is a nondescript town of some 80,000 inhabitants. Its soviet apartment blocks and quiet streets transform each every year to accommodate its visitors. The new year is a happy occasion, involving singing, dancing, and outbursts of praise to the consternation of some locals. Reporter the pilgrims, who were mainly from the Breslover Hassidic sect, arrived from all over the world via kyiv airport. They were met by sascha hofman, a care worker from hannover who is one of the organizers of the annual pilgrimage. An old hangar had been transformed into a makeshift synagogue where the beginning of rosh hashanah, jewish new year, was celebrated. Sascha hofman had more practical matters to deal with first. Is everything clean . Toilets, too . Make sure you check them every hour. Reporter some 40,000 pilgrims were expected in uman over the weekend. They all needed a place to sleep. There were various options, from camping, sleeping in a barracks, or renting an apartment. Some locals moved out temporarily to make some money from renting out their homes. Each of these pilgrims from jerusalem paid 300 dollars for his bed. I dont know if people here realize what were doing here. But when they see it, they must realize that its something magnificent. Reporter lunchtime prayer in the pushkina district. Some climbed on the roof to get as close as possible to the grave of rabbi nachman of breslov. Before his death in 1810, the sects founder called on followers to be with him during rosh hashanah. In recent years, the pilgrimage has been revived. Its quite loud, but they compensate and we can cope with it once a year. King solomon himself said, this too shall pass. Reporter sascha hofman had to go shopping because of an unexpected drop in temperature. Its cold, so were going to buy extra blankets and cushions. Reporter even though the annual pilgrimage means Good Business for local traders, some werent that thrilled. I dont get anything from them, but let them come. Some are fine, some are a bit rude. Reporter uman has a tragic past. In 1941, the nazis murdered 17,000 jews and destroyed the jewish cemetery. Nearly two centuries earlier, thousands of jews and poles had been killed here in an uprising. Theres now a controversial monument that honors one of the uprisings leaders. But antisemitism is still rife today. Some pilgrims told us that a brothel would be opened during the new year festival in pushkin street and that 40 women would be brought in, as well as boys and animals, to satisfy the sexual needs of some of the pilgrims. Reporter there is a history of resentment between locals and pilgrims in uman, but the organizers say there has been improvement. Its calmed down a bit. There were problems in the past with the locals and also with organizational issues. But its got better in the past few years and calmer. Reporter Israeli Police were also on hand to keep order together with their ukrainian counterparts in the district around the grave of the revered rabbi nachman. Its a very holy place. All wishes will be fulfilled here if people do things with an honest heart. Reporter near the grave, the pilgrims were pious. But outside on the street, there was music and dancing to celebrate the beginning of the jewish year 5777. Anchor Foreign Languages and customs are not problems unique to the people of uman, but also raise concerns in latvia. Russians are the largest ethnic minority in this baltic state accounting for about a third of the population, and in the capital, riga, more than half. But while these two groups live side by side, they dont quite live together. Despite living in latvia for generations, Many Russians refuse to learn latvian, which is the countrys only official language. The latvians, on the other hand, fear for their identity. For them, their language is a symbol of freedom and independence. Our reporter went to riga, to find out if there could ever be a common tongue. Reporter whenever the weather is fine, beata vrevska likes to cycle to her shop in riga. She was born and raised in the latvian capital and feels at home here. But beata is an ethnic russian as are around half of the citys population. Her organic food store is located in one of the affluent districts of riga. She sells products sourced locally. And the name of her shop is intended to demonstrate her sense of belonging. Im very proud of my russian origins nevertheless. I also speak a lot of latvian. But latvian feels different. Russian is my mother tongue. Reporter to become a latvian citizen, beata first had to pass a language test. This, even though she was born here. Naturalization laws stipulate that you have to prove that you can speak latvian. Its the official language here. Her prices also have to be listed in latvian. Its still a psychological problem for my mothers generation because throughout her life, shes hardly spoken any latvian. For many people, its still like a foreign language. Reporter many of the inhabitants of the highrise blocks on the outskirts of riga are of russian origin. And many are unhappy with the situation in todays latvia. Sergey tyulemin is one of them. He vents his anger by drawing cartoons. For many years, he worked for russianlanguage newspapers. Now hes a pensioner and has to survive on less than 200 euros a month. Tjulemin is not a latvian citizen. For him, the idea of having to take a language test is humiliating. After all, hes lived here since he was a child. If i took this latvian exam, then itd be like admitting that i was an intruder from another country that my parents were intruders when they came here during soviet times. Reporter as a socalled noncitizen, sergei tyulemin is not allowed to vote or stand for public office. The designation of latvian as the countrys sole official language was, in his eyes, an undemocratic and futile step. The latvian language will never vanquish the russian language. There are far too few latvians to triumph against 140 million russians. Reporter he sympathizes with the russian governments lack of trust in the west and its reliance on its own military strength. This is the state Institution Designed to protect the latvian language. Sarmite pavulena is checking, for example, whether the Online Presence of Companies Based here is also in latvian. We have to protect our language. Our country is the only country where latvian is spoken. Reporter it cant be helped that many people of russian origin feel ostracized, she says. The language helps protect the country from russian influence. Latvian is anchored in the constitution as the sole official language. We do not have two official languages. Many people find that hard to accept. Reporter at work in her store, beatas discussions with her mother dont just revolve around how to improve her selection. They also frequently talk about why so many latvians and ethnic russians live parallel lives. They think many mistakes were made in the years immediately after the restoration of latvias independence. Before making a trip abroad in 1995 or 1996, i had to confirm that i was neither a latvian, nor a citizen of another country. I asked, what am i then . No one could answer me. Reporter both women call latvia home. And even if beatas mother says its not always easy with the latvians, she wouldnt consider moving to russia. Anchor how should a country deal with the languages of minorities . Let us know what you think about that or any of todays stories by getting in touch on facebook, email, or twitter. In spain, some families are fighting to shine a light onto the countrys dark past. Orreaga oskotzs grandfather was one of thousands of people executed during the spanish civil war and under francos dictatorship. She now searches for his remains amid one of the many mass graves that litter the country. Orreaga, and others like her, hope to confront spains history by digging up the past. They have murdered you, but they couldnt take away your dignity. The words of the song honor the 81 people massacred in magallon. Whenever she can, olga alcega visits the cemetery where her grandfathers remains were found in a mass grave. My grandfather was lying under here. This was the spot where the dead lay. Now, olga and the other relatives have exhumed their remains. For 70 years, olgas grandfather lay buried together with 80 other victims of the spanish civil war. This is my grandfather. The republican flag shows he was a republican. And heres his name antonio alcega lazaro. Reporter the small mausoleum is located right next to the former mass grave. Photos, bones, and personal effects remember the dead of magallon people who died, like olgas grandfather, defending spns democracy ainst frcofari the threeyear c. It was important for us to bring the truth to light. That way, no one can conceal history any more. If you see a skeleton with a bullet hole in its skull, then you know that this person didnt die in an epidemic. Reporter orreaga oskotz is also hoping to find the remains of her grandfather who was also, in all likelihood, a victim in the war against franco. He was executed in 1936 in a field outside the city of pamplona. With the help of aerial photographs, theyre hoping to narrow down the search. Orreaga oskotz says an eyewitness observed the executions of her grandfather and three other men. At least two people were shot in the neck from behind, the witness told me. They had been held captive and were beaten. One tried to escape. They killed the men and simply left their bodies lying here. Reporter her grandfather, isidoro, worked as a taxi driver in pamplona. Orreaga suspects that he had been helping the republicans and as a result, was shot by francos men. For years, she has been looking forward to the day when the search for his remains can finally start. Im happy. I think that our chances of finding something are good because we have so many things to go on. Reporter then the digger starts work. For orreaga and her husband, its an emotional moment. Any time now, they could uncover clues an unusual coloring of the earth, a shoe, or a bone. She spent months beforehand doing painstaking research in the archives and speaking to people who were alive at the time. Now shes convinced that her grandfather, isidoro eguia olaechea, must be buried somewhere in this field. In the afternoon, the team is joined by doroteo irurita. The 97yearold fought on francos side in the spanish civil war and witnessed the executions back then. Hell try to help locate the missing bodies, with the support of his son. Did they cover the dead with stones, to stop them being scavenged by dogs . No, they didnt. Reporter doroteo cant give orreaga any new information. But shes grateful for his decision to come forward unlike so many others. The civil war and the franco dictatorship that followed remain taboo for many spaniards. Stony silence. Olga alcega knows what thats like, too. All the more reason, she says, to open up the mass graves from the civil war. It took months to exhume the dead in magallon, and she didnt miss a day. When they tell you thats your grandfather or your father, you can finally take the skull in your hands, hug it and kiss it. Because it wasnt possible before. Reporter time is running out in the search for orreagas grandfather. So far, theyve found nothing but construction site debris. Orreaga believes it may have been dumped here on purpose. Its becoming less and less likely that well find the victims bodies. It really makes me angry. Reporter at the end of the day, the team calls off the search. But orreaga isnt giving up. The search is not over. There is another eyewitness who knows what took place here. Reporter orreaga says shell continue until she finds her grandfather. Not just for her family but for spain as a whole. Because each new find sheds a little light on the countrys dark past. Anchor i worry that without people like that, dedicated to remembering the past, we risk forgetting and repeating it. A shop owner in finland was initially distrusting and confused by the refugees who would visit his small food store. But after taking the time to understand their needs and hear their stories, he has embraced his new customers. And in the process, broke down barriers. Reporter this is johan holmstrom, the owner of a Little Grocery store in southern finland. But here, everyone calls simply him jontte. He opened his shop in the village of lapinkyla 15 years ago. Reporter jontte has just one regular employee anna who runs the store until noon. A couple of students help out later in the day. Jonttes customers are mainly pensioners from the village and the occasional passerby. The Discount Grocery chains are making it increasingly tough for him to compete. Reporter so when more and more refugees began coming to his store late last year, many of his regular customers were concerned and jontte was, too. They tried to steal and so on a little, so that made in this small shop people who were working here were a little bit afraid. And i was thinking, is this the beginning of something that will make it even more difficult . Reporter jontte went to a townhall meeting, planning to complain. But there, the family man heard how the refugees had been persecuted and forced to flee. I talked to anna and said i think well do as we usually do. Well serve people, and well be nice to them so long as they behave. And then if we have problems with something, well deal with it. And then we saw the big change. They were taking us as friends. Reporter and he had a bright business idea to create a supermarket on wheels. Jontte had learned that refugee hostels in southern finland are often located far from the nearest village, making shopping close to impossible. So, since last december, hes been making the rounds in his bus five days a week. Now its going to be a little bit bumpy. Take cae. Its now ok . Reporter on this day, jontte plans to visit six refugee hostels. Its a 200kilometer journey, right across southern finland. Reporter the first hostel is mainly occupied by families. They come from syria, iran, afghanistan, and somalia. Moi, moi, moi. Not today. Next time reporter jontte carries around 500 different kinds of groceries aboard his bus. Some are new additions. Its halal. This is curcuma. Aah curcuma but here, isnt this amba . One, 6 euros. Reporter jontte stocks specialties from their homelands. Good finlandais. Ok, see you next week, ok . Reporter next he heads for raseborg, formerly known as karis. Reporter here he knows many of the refugees. Some have been living in finland for eight months. If somebody is not knowing any english, they just telling by baghdad and things, you know, like his sons wife was shot in baghdad or something. And you can see on the face and on the whole body of the person that its a release to talk to someone about it. And thats quite touching moments. Reporter along with full room and board, each refugee living in finland receives 100 euros a month in pocket money. Although jontte shells out 150 euros a week on diesel for his bus, he charges the same prices as in his store. One euro and nine cents. One euro and nine cents. I have to pay for gas. Lidl. Lidl market, one euro. Do you have lidl here . No lidl, my friend. I have kids, you know. I have paid for the gasoline. You have to bargain a little because in their culture, you are stupid if you cant bargain. Reprter he used to think the women had little say in household matters, but now he knows differently. Its always the woman who decides about the money. And i have seen situations when they have bought tobacco or cigarettes or something and even a week later, they are bringing the same back and ask to change it to a chicken. Reporter learning from one another and dispelling prejudices has become almost as important to jontte as the business aspect. He plans to keep on bringing a taste of home to refugees living in finland. Anchor jonntes story is a lesson we could all learn from in how to overcome prejudices and get along with each other. Thats it for today, thank you for watching. In the meantime, its goodbye from me and the whole team. See you next time. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] steves like so much of budapest, hungarys parliament was built for the big 1896 party. Its elegant neogothic design and riverside location were inspired by its counterpart in london. Its enormous, with literally miles of grand halls, designed to help administer that sprawling, multinational hapsburg empire. By the end of world war i, the hapsburgs were gone, and hungary, while much smaller, was fully independent. But then came the nazis, followed by the communists. That illusive freedom was finally won after the fall of the soviet union in 1989, and since then, the city has blossomed. Today, hungary rules only hungary, and its ruled not by an emperor, but by democratically elected representatives who legislate from whats now a palace of democracy. Like vienna, budapest feels more grandiose than the capital of a relatively small country, but the city remains the Cultural Capital of eastern europe, with a keenly developed knack for good living. You can enjoy that hungarian joy of life at the szechenyi baths. Soak with the locals. Of the citys two dozen or so traditional mineral baths, this is the most accessible and fun. Budapest is hot, literally. It sits on a thin crust over thermal springs, which power all these baths. Both the ancient romans and Ottoman Turks enjoyed these same mineral springs. They still say, poke a hole in the ground anywhere in hungary, and youll find hot water. Magyars of all shapes and sizes squeeze themselves into tiny swimsuits and strut their stuff. Babushkas float blissfully in the warm water. The speedoclad Old Boys Club gathers pensively around soggy chessboards. And the circle of rapids brings out the kid in people of all ages. After 2,000 years of experience and innovation, locals have honed the art of enjoying their thermal hot springs. Budapest straddles the danube river. On the west side is hilly buda, dominated by castle hill. The royal palace marks the place where one of europes mightiest castles once stood. Since the 14th century, hungary has been ruled from this spot