from 1982 to 1990 and brought to power by the united states by ronald reagan. it was the first covert operation of the reagan administration before the contras in nicaragua, before jonas. amy: then hillary clinton faces new questions about her family's ties to goldman sachs. >> secretary clinton, how much money you invested in your son-in-law's hedge fund? secretary clinton? amy: we will speak to lee fong of the intercept. five months ago, he was the first reporter to ask hillary clinton about releasing the transcripts to her paid speeches at goldman sachs. now he is asking a new round of questions. and then we will find out what what happened when a 24-year-old bernie sanders in new mexico got into a 30 minute debate with former president bill clinton at a mexican restaurant in santa fe. all that and more, coming up. welcome to democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. more than 700 refugees have drowned in only three days as border crackdowns across europe have forced refugees to make more dangerous journeys across the mediterranean. the united nations children's fund says many of the victims were youth fleeing war and violence in their home countries. the majority of the refugees were from eritrea, nigeria, somalia, and south sudan. under a european union plan enacted in april, all refugees arriving in greece are deported back to turkey, forcing people to attempt the more dangerous route between libya and italy. on monday, the photo of a german volunteer from the group sea-watch holding the body of a drowned child became the latest symbol of the migration crisis. sea-watch spokesman ruben neugebauer spoke out. >> it is always a difficult decision to publish such a picture, but in this specific case, we decided to send the picture out because of the greatness of the situation. we thought this material needed to be published. what we see here is the effect of european foreign policy. chadthe former dictator of hissene habre has been convicted and sentenced to life in prison. he is accused of killing as many as 40,000 people during his eight years in power in the 1980's. he was tried in a special african union-backed court established after a two decade long campaign led by his victims. this is the first time the leader of one african country has been prosecuted in another african country's domestic court system for human rights abuses. we will go to senegal to speak with human rights watch's reed brody after the headlines. democratic presidential candidates bernie sanders and hillary clinton are both campaigning in california ahead of the june 7 primary where , polls are showing the two in a dead heat. clinton was in her home town of chappaqua, new york, this weekend, but has canceled some campaign stops in new jersey to add more stops in california. she spoke at a small community meeting in oakland on friday. >> i really think one of the best ways that i can be a good partner is to lift up what is working and lift up people who are trying to work together, and using the white house -- i like to say, yes, we can use the white house as a bully pulpit. we don't want a bully in the white house, but we can use the bully pulpit to talk about issues. amy: senator sanders has focused his campaign energy into the california primary in recent weeks. he spoke at a rally in san pedro friday. >> our ideas and beliefs and economic justice, and social justice, andracial environmental justice, and immigration reform and a half toward citizenship, and rebuilding inner cities throughout this country, and protecting the needs of the native american people -- our ideas are the future of this country. amy: on sunday, sanders visited the original delano headquarters of the united farm workers union, where he reiterated his call for a national ban on fracking when asked what he would do about poor water quality in the san joaquin valley. this comes as environmental groups are criticizing the obama administration after two federal agencies finalized reports claiming fracking off the coast of california would pose no significant risk to the environment. the announcement of the reports by the u.s. bureau of ocean energy management and the bureau of safety and environmental enforcement ends a court-ordered moratorium on offshore fracking, which was put into place earlier this year after the center for biological diversity challenged the administration's practice of rubber stamping offshore drilling without an environmental review. meanwhile, in more news from the campaign trail, bernie sanders is criticizing donald trump for backing out of a proposed debate between the two candidates ahead of the california primary. donald trump first agreed to the idea when it was proposed by jimmy kimmel during an interview last week. on his late-night show. sanders quickly signed on to the idea, but then trump backed out of the idea on friday, saying in a statement -- "based on the fact that the democratic nominating process is totally rigged and crooked hillary clinton and deborah wasserman schultz will not allow bernie sanders to win, and now that i am the presumptive republican nominee, it seems inappropriate that i would debate the second place finisher," trump said. in response, sanders asked what trump was afraid of. >> it is the first i've heard about it. i heard he was going to debate me, then i heard he wasn't going to debate me, that i heard he was going to. now you're telling me he not going to debate me. well, i hope he changes his mind again. mr. trump has changed his mind many times in a day. trump is a big tough guy. mr. trump, what are you afraid of? amy: meanwhile, donald trump has attempted to insult a federal judge by calling attention to his mexican heritage after the judge ordered the release of internal trump university documents. on friday, trump when after the judge during a campaign rally in san diego. >> i have a judge who is a hater of donald trump. a hater. he is a hater. his name is than zollo -- gonzalo curiel. the judge, happen to believe is mexico, which is fine. i think the mexicans are going to end up loving donald trump when i give all of these jobs, ok? amy: that was trump, speaking in san diego. outside this rally, thousands of people protested trump's positions on immigration, which include building a wall across the entire length of the border and deporting 11 million undocumented immigrants. at least 35 people were arrested. trump says he is planning to release the documents on trump university today. he is also expected to announce the names of the charities selected to receive the $6 million trump says he raised for veterans. meanwhile, donald trump is facing criticism for referring to massachusetts senator andabeth worn as indian pocahontas several times last week. elizabeth warren says her family is part cherokee. the comments have sparked protests from indigenous people, including from cree nation reporter nicole robertson, who called out donald trump in the middle of a speech in north dakota last week. robertson later spoke on msnbc. >> you look at the number of women that have been victimized through either missing and murdered indigenous women. that is happening content why. human trafficking. to use the word pocahontas, it brings to mind derogatory comments that are not, and this day and age, a word that is not usable. amy: meanwhile, in argentina, ex-dictator reynaldo bignone and 14 other former military officials have been sentenced to prison for their role in the secret 1970's international kidnapping plot known as operation condor. the operation was a campaign of coordinated terror and assassinations carried out by regimes in chile, argentina, bolivia, brazil, paraguay, and uruguay. lawyer luz palmas zaldua spoke out after the verdict monday. >> this ruling determines not only that state terrorism in argentina was a criminal conspiracy, but also the repressive coordination with other dictatorships. these states worked together in legally to maximize efforts to persecute the political opposition from each of the dictatorships, and to disappear or eliminate those who are considered to be with subversive groups, groups who confronted the dictatorships in southern countries. amy: in brazil, a second minister in the interim government has resigned. fabiano silveira headed the ministry tasked with fighting corruption. yet he resigned monday after a recording surfaced of him attempting to block an investigation into corruption at the state-run oil company petrobras. last week, the planning minister for the interim government also resigned after explosive transcripts revealed how he plotted to oust president dilma rousseff in order to end a corruption investigation that was targeting him. in the philippines, journalist alex balcoba was murdered in manila monday by two gunmen. balcoba was a reporter for the people's brigada tabloid. the philippines is one of the world's deadliest countries for reporters. more than 30 journalists have been killed under president aquino's administration. his murder comes one day after the philippines congress officially declared rodrigo duterte the next president. duterte has admitted to his role in death squads, joked about the gang rape of an australian missionary, and pledged to kill tens of thousands of people. meanwhile, in egypt, the head of the journalists union and two of the union's board members are facing trial on charges of harboring opposition journalists in the latest crackdown against press freedom in egypt. the charges stem from a raid on the journalists union's headquarters in may, where authorities arrested two reporters working for the opposition website bawabet yanayer. in iraq, more than 20 people were killed in a series of bombings in baghdad monday. the attacks come amid fierce fighting between u.s.-backed iraqi forces and militants with the self-proclaimed islamic state over control of fallujah, which was seized by isis in 2014. french railway worker are set to -- workers are set to join the growing strikes, which are threatening to immobilize the country amid protests over labor reforms. last week, workers at refineries and nuclear power plants went on strike, creating fuel shortages across the country. unions are protesting reforms that would make it easier to fire workers, among other provisions. france is slated to host the euro 2016 football championships next week. former u.s. attorney general eric holder has said nsa whistleblower edward snowden performed a "public service" by leaking documents revealing nsa mass surveillance. holder made the comments while speaking on a podcast hosted by david axelrod. >> we can certainly argue about the way in which snowden did what he did, but i think he actually performed a public service by raising the debate that we engaged in and by the changes that we made. amy: this comes as edward snowden is calling for an overhaul in whistleblower protections after former senior pentagon official john crane has spoken out publicly about how his superiors broke the law to punish a key national security agency whistleblower for leaking information about waste, mismanagement and surveillance. , to see our exclusive broadcast interview with a former pentagon official john crane go to , democracynow.org. and after nearly seven weeks on strike, tens of thousands of verizon workers have declared victory. it was one of the biggest u.s. strikes in years, as workers fought verizon's efforts to cap pensions, cut benefits and outsource work to mexico, the philippines and the dominican , republic. under a deal announced monday, workers will receive a nearly 11% raise over four years. the deal also decreases verizon's ability to outsource work. last week, verizon worker pamela galpern spoke with democracy now! about the strike. >> for a company as profitable as verizon, i think it was clear that that wasn't right to month that it is not right that they want to take so much from the workers who have helped make this company so profitable. this strike is about keeping good jobs here, and it is about our families. 39,000 workers on strike. the families of all of those workers. amy: and those are some of the headlines. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. in a historic ruling, the former dictator of chad hissene habre has been convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison. the former u.s.-backed leader is accused of killing as many as 40,000 people during his eight years in power in the 1980's. at the landmark trial in senegal, habre was also convicted of rape, sexual slavery, and ordering killings during his reign of terror. this is judge gustave kam announcing the court's decision on monday. >> hissene habre, the court condemns you to life in prison. you have a period of 15 days from the pronouncement of this judgment to appeal the decision in accordance with the criminal procedure code. amy: habre was tried in a special african union-backed court established after a two decade long campaign led by his victims. this is the first time the leader of one african country has been prosecuted in another african country's domestic court system for human rights abuses. after the verdict was read, survivors of habre's regime embraced each other in the courtroom. this is souleymane guengueng, founder of the chadian association of victims. >> honestly, i am very satisfied. be the name of god alone glorified. it hurts me that many of my colleagues died along the way. they could not be here to see the result, which is why i was moved and brought to tears. it is still a truly happy moment. i have to say it, but cannot say that enough, hissene habree in . that is all we wanted. i hope this serves as a lesson to all of the other dictators out there. amy: hissene habre is a former u.s. ally who has been described as "africa's pinochet." he came to power with the help of the reagan administration in 1982. the u.s. provided habre with millions of dollars in annual military aid and trained his secret police, known as the dds. after habre's sentencing, human rights watch's reed brody tweeted -- "habre's conviction for these horrific crimes after 25 years is a huge victory for his chadian victims, without whose tenacity this trial never would have happened. this verdict sends a powerful message that the days when tyrants could brutalize their people, pillage their treasury and escape abroad to a life of luxury are coming to an end. today will be carved into history as the day that a band of unrelenting survivors brought their dictator to justice." well for more, we go now to , dakar, senegal, where we're joined via democracy now! video stream by reed brody, counsel and spokesperson for human rights watch. he has worked with victims of hissene habre's regime since 1999 and played a critical role in bringing habre to trial. reed brody, welcome to democracy now! share your reaction to the verdict yesterday. >> thank you, amy. well, it is an immense satisfaction. the judge was reading the his --, and as we heard you know, the narrative the victims have been weaving for 25 years, basically detailed by the judge who found the allegations credible, and we could see -- we could see the way the judge was heading. it was just this immense moment of satisfaction. right after the verdict, you know, we were embracing and there are a number of widows who had come from chad, especially for the occasion. -- specially for the occasion. very few people thought this day would ever come. one of them was souleymane guenggueng, who you highlighted before. last night with souleymane guenggueng until 1:00 in her hotel room, we were re-watching the reading of the verdict on tv. hard to believe that this day has come, that these victims have finally achieved justice. reed, talk about souleymane guenggueng, who we just saw responding to the verdict. tell us his story. i want to go back to 2008 when we spoke to this chadian activist who spearheaded the case. he described why it was so important to him for habre to be tried. to go to that clip in just a minute. but tell us about what happened to souleymane guenggueng. >> he was a deeply religious civil servant. he was thrown in jail on falls falls charges. as people were dying around him in his prison cell, he took an oath before god that if he ever got out, he would fight for justice. whenhen the prison -- hissene habre was overthrown and the prison doors swung open, souleymane guenggueng got together others and founded the first victim's association and has been fighting since then. many of habre's accomplices were still and are still in chad. mayors, police chiefs, governors. and they started making death andats against souleymane forced him to go into exile in the united states. fighting for been the last 10 years. when you aired that in 2008, amy, we had already been working together for nine years. that was eight years ago. amy: i have that clip now from 2008. >> for everyone who has lived this kind of situation, as long as hissene habre is not brought to justice, psychologically, healed.we are not and that remains in our heads. an example is when we were in dakar eight years ago with reed to file the case, and when hissene habre was indicted for if those time, it as of us who were there, it is as if something came into our heads and we were liberated from these things that were in our head. we, the victims, it is only us who understand how we need justice in order to be restored to our full strength. somebody who hasn't survived this kind of torture cannot really understand that. amy: that was chadian activist souleymane guenggueng back in 2008. reed brody, take it from there. arrested for the first time 16 years ago here in senegal. the previous government of senegal, for 12 years, gave us the runaround. before habre let chad, he emptied out his country's treasury and brought all of that money here to senegal. he created a web of political influence and support. i think he also silently had the support of a lot of other african heads of state who made it clear they did not want to see this precedent created. the victims fought in senegal. they went to belgium. belgium investigated for four years and requested the extradition. senegal said no. we made an ally of the african union, which said to senegal, if you don't want to extradite him to belgium, you should prosecute him in senegal. the then president of senegal agreed, but he did not do it. to the took this case international court of justice, the world court in the hague. in 2012, the world court ruled by unanimous decision that senegal had a legal obligation to prosecute or to extradite hissene habre. months, the new president of senegal -- he was one of the many leaders of senegal who the victims had been visiting over the years, creating the political support here in senegal, creating the political conditions. since 2012, the government of senegal has been behind this court, as you said, a court established by senegal and the african union. the trial started last year. yesterday, we got the verdict. amy: we're going to talk about the u.s. role going back to president ronald reagan in 1982 with the rise of the chadian dictator hissene habre, but we're going to go to break first. we're talking to reed brody, counsel and spokesperson for human rights watch you has been working with victims of hissene habre's regime since 1999 and played a critical role in bringing habre to trial. we are speaking to him in dakar, senegal, where habre was tried and convicted. stay with us. ♪ [music break] amy: this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. in a historic ruling, the former dictator of chad, hissene habre, has been convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life in prison. he was a close ally of the united states in the 1980's. on monday, secretary of state john kerry released a statement welcoming the court's ruling. the statement read in part -- "this ruling is a landmark in the global fight against impunity for atrocities, including war crimes and crimes against humanity. as a country committed to the respect for human rights and the pursuit of justice, this is also an opportunity for the united states to reflect on, and learn from, our own connection with past events in chad." on monday, the state department addressed reporters. >> i think it is encouraging moment and i think this day would not be possible without the cooperation of past senegal that has hosted this. not an easy thing to do. and the african union. that is an encouraging thing. amy: meanwhile, u.s. ambassador to the united nations samantha powers issued a statement saying -- "i congratulate the people of chad whose dogged, decades-long pursuit of justice made this day possible." we turn to reed brody, who is still with us, counsel and spokesperson for human rights watch in dakar, senegal, was in the courtroom yesterday when the judge declared the former ,ictator of chad, hissene habre tilting. reed, talk about the u.s. role in hissene habre's rule in chad. >> i want to say the obama administration has been squarely behind this effort to bring habre to justice. samantha power was recently in chad with the victims. president obama himself met with macky, the president of senegal, 's effort. senegal they are in line with strong support from this administration. but that wasn't always the case. in 1982 when ronald reagan came into power earlier, hissene habre was seen as a bulwark against muammar qadhafi of libya, who had expansionist designs on chad and was seen by president reagan as the mad dog, the enemy. ofa way, in the words secretary of state at the time alexander haig, they supported habre in order to bloody qadhafi's nose. the first covert operation of the reagan a administration, before angola, before the contras in a progress was an effort to bring this warlord hissene habre to power. even though at the time yard had a record of brutality and chats civil war, a mass grave discovered behind his residence. he had kidnapped a french anthropologist and executed the negotiator who would come to seek rescue. the united states supported hissene habre. 1982,e was in power in france and the united states gave huge military, political support to the habre government. -- we are no knowledge of a direct implication or in particular crimes by the united states, but from the dds, from the documents of habre's political police that we uncovered 15 years ago, we see a man who was considered by the political police to be the liaison to the political police. the former head of the political police. once again, the political police was the main instrument of repression under the habre administration. secretan archipelago of prisons in chad. the documents of these political i happened to stumble upon 15 years ago in 1208 provide the names of people who died in detention of almost 12,000 prisoners of the dds. the u.s. we know trained some of those dds officials -- not in torture, as far as we know, but many of them came to the u.s. for counterinsurgency, particular for bomb diffusion and anti-terrorism. head of the the dds, at his own trial last year, testified that the united states -- that he was constantly accompanied by a cia agent who was advising him. names of the u.s. agents who are mentioned by the chadians -- in fact, they talk about john and swiger, and those are names of people who are listed in the state department registry as people who worked at the u.s. embassy. so there was a connection between the united states and hissene habre's political police. we also know that chad for a war and -- with french and american assistance. chad turned back the libyan forces. a captured over 1000 libyan pows. the united states established a toret training camp in chad turn the libyans, to create a contra force against moammar qaddafi. the secret base, which even the french did not know about at the time, was led by a man who later immigrated, was brought by the u.s. to virginia and is now the strong man in benghazi who is leading one of the factions in libya. so the united states used hissene habre as an ally in what was then the war on the market afi's care at the time. although many of habre's crimes were not really revealed until after the prison, after he fell and the prison door swung open, amnesty international, as was testified at the trial, wrote 25 reports about crimes under hissene habre. habre was aware of these crimes, but the world was aware that these crimes were going on. the u.s., even as it supported hissene habre at the time, was aware that these crimes were taking place. amy: you talked about the reagan years and raids supporting hissene habre and his rise to power. can you take it from there from ronald reagan to bush to president bill clinton before -- before george w. bush and then you talked about obama. >> of course habre was december 1990, so it was still under the republican administration. at the white was house in 1987. she got a state visit desk or got a visit to the white house with president reagan. our freedom of information act request shows that even as habre was falling, the u.s. embassy was cabling back home it was not too late that hissene habre could be saved. ultimately, the u.s. helped hissene habre reinstall himself in senegal. that was in 1990. he basically, from 1990, lived a life of luxury in senegal. it was really when the chilean pinochetfinish a -- was arrested in london on a warrant from a spanish judge for crimes committed in chile in the house of lords said pinochet to be arrested anywhere in the being a formeris head of state, we realized we had an international justice a tool to bring -- to book tyrants and torturers who seemed out of the reach of justice. that is when we were contacted by the chadian association for human rights. what those people are doing, what the chileans are doing, we want to do that with hissene habre. that is why habre got the moniker -- we gave him the name of the time, the african pinochet. frankly, amy, one take away from this is the hope that other people around the world, other victims, other survivors, other activists will look at what the chadians have done fighting for 25 years and achieving justice and say, we want to do what hissene habre's victims have done. amy: i want to turn to a clip from the film "talking about rose" by isabel coixet, the spanish filmmaker. rose was one of the first women in chad to become an elite soldier. after she joined opposition to have dictatorship, rose was arrested and taken to the terrible prison. amy: rose was a good woman. they tortured her, bound her, with terror, she would not even move. she was very courageous. even when she would come back from torture, she would still chat like normal with us. as if she had not seen a thing. a good woman. amy: an excerpt of the documentary "talking about rose" by the award-winning filmmaker isabel coixet. we will link to the whole film at democracynow.org. reed, explain what happened a rose and show your final comments on this historic -- in this historic week when the chadian dictator has been found guilty and sentenced to life in prison for crimes against humanity, for the killing of -- well, overall during his regime, it is believed 40,000 people died. reed? >> rose was thrown in jail and notesly, rose would take when people would die or be tortured in prison. she would try to smuggle out the notes so the outside world knew what was going on. she was denounced and she was taken out of her cell and interrogated. 15 years later, we found in the files of the political police that i talked about before, we found her last interrogation reports. as she was being interrogated, as she was clearly going to be executed, she told her torturers who wrote it down to said, "i don't care what happens to me. i'm doing this for my country. chad will remember me and history will talk about me." really record we have of this is what her torturers wrote on a piece of paper that we found in the files of the political police 15 your's ago. today, history is talking about rose and people are talking about what happened in the chadian prisons under hissene habre. convicted for sexual crimes. he was actually convicted for personally having raped a woman who i have known for 17 years. habre is a convicted rapist today. this is a message that even rape --that habre is not above the rate and none of these women, including two of the ones you saw on camera there, raped are below the law. one last thing, this is for michael ratner. amy: the pioneering human rights attorney who just died several weeks ago. we had you on, reed, here in new york as his close friend, ally, colleague who stood up to dictators and tried to bring them to justice around the world. -- reed brody, thank you for being with us. does hissene habre go right to jail? >> he has been in joe for the last three years from the time the investment -- he was indicted. he is back in the jail that he has been in, which is probably the jail he will be spending his sentence in. apparently, it is a very comfortable, you know, comfortable and proper and modern jail. amy: reed brody counsel and , spokesperson for human rights watch worked with victims of , hissene habre's regime since nine. those victims brought this dictator to justice and they had their day in court, albeit many years later. 30for rose, she was executed years ago this month, may 15, 1986. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. on the come back, we go campaign trail. stay with us. ♪ [music break] amy: a shout out to the students visiting democracy now! today from school of the future in manhattan and burlington high school in vermont. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. as the democratic race between hillary clinton and bernie sanders heaves up ahead of the california primary on june 7, we look at one issue that has continue to clinton on the campaign trail -- her ties to goldman sachs. the wall street giant paid clinton $675,000 in 2013 to give three speeches. so far, clinton has rejected calls from sanders to release the speech transcripts. well, now questions have come up about ties between goldman sachs and another member of the clinton family -- hillary's son-in-law marc mezvinsky. he worked at goldman for eight years and then formed a hedge fund in part with help from goldman ceo lloyd blankfein. during a san francisco campaign rally last thursday, lee fang of the intercept tried to ask hillary clinton about this. y clinton, do you know how much money lloyd blankfein invested in your son-in-law's hedge fund? why don't you respond? secretary clinton? secretary clinton, a quick question. a question about your son-in-law's hedge fund post of secretary clinton? >> how are you? what is your name? >> lee fang. >> what are you trying to find out about? >> how much money lloyd blankfein invested in marc mezvinsky hedge fund. do you know how much money? do not much money would blankfein invested? >> i don't know, has it been reported? >> no. do not much money? >> you what to give me your contact information? >> are you when you get back to me? amy: that was intercept reporter lee fang questioning clinton and then her press secretary nick merrill at a campaign rally last thursday. lee fang was also the first reporter to ask clinton to release transcripts of her speeches to goldman sachs earlier this year. we're going straight to lee fang, investigative journalist at the intercept covering the intersection of money and politics. your recent piece is headlined, "hillary clinton won't say how much goldman sachs ceo invested with her son-in-law." welcome back to democracy now! lay out what you are trying to find out. >> good morning. thank you for having me. in 2010, marc mezvinsky married chelsea clinton. the following year in 2011, he began fundraising for his hedge fund. reportedly, lloyd blankfein, the chief executive of goldman sachs, personally invested in this fund and also allowed his association with this find to be used in its marketing materials. he is a big reason why eagleville part, the hedge fund founded by marc mezvinsky, was able to raise close to $400 million. unfortunately, that was some particularly a savvy business decision. these fund, according to the wall street journal and the new york times has underperformed and one subordinate fund created by marc mezvinsky lost 90% of its investors' money and had to shut down earlier this month. basically, they made bad bets on the greek economy recovery. we have been pressing the campaign to understand the full relationship between goldman sachs and the clinton family. we have asked not only about the goldman sachs transcripts, but as you pointed out, hillary clinton personally has made over $600,000 in paid speaking fees to goldman sachs. bill clinton has made more than $1.5 million in paid speaking fees. goldman sachs has given up to $500,000 to the clinton foundation. we are trying to press the campaign to really release the full relationship between goldman sachs and the clinton family. moneyat includes how much has transfer between goldman sachs and its executives to the clinton family bank accounts in their businesses. amy: you also talk about how goldman sachs directly lobbied hillary clinton state department , the company routinely partnering with the clinton foundation at this time. >> that's right. goldman sachs is no ordinary company. this is a very powerful investment bank that has historically won influence in many different administrations. george bush appointed former gold sachs ceo hank paulson as .is treasury secretary he was one of the primary architects of the bank bailouts. over the last eight years, we've seen goldman sachs aggressively lobbied the obama administration , seeking influence over financial reform, dodd frank. we expect goldman sachs to try to win influence with whoever is the next occupant of the white house. this isn't just a random company. this is a bank with a lot of political interest involved. amy: lee fang, you're also looking at this whole controversy around denver wasserman schultz. in the last week, there have been calls, especially bernie sanders, calling for her to be removed as head of the dnc because he feels she favors hillary clinton. sanders then supported her opponent in the congressional race in her own congressional race. --k about debbie wasserman debbie wasserman schultz and her influence. >> there has been a lot of controversy about the leadership of debbie wasserman schultz over the democratic national committee. one kind of contract here is that, just as obama pushed to reform the dnc current when he became the nominee in 2008, he of limited ethics rules that prevented federal lobbyists from donating to the dnc or the party convention. debbie wasserman schultz has quietly repealed those ethics rules. now lobbyists can again donate to the party. last fall, debbie wasserman schultz convened a meeting with a number of lobbyists and reportedly handed out a menu of options saying, if you get varying amounts of money, lobbyists and windsor types of influence at the convention. the role of money in politics, which is the of the campaign theme in the presidential primaries, we are seeing that come into focus with the tension between debbie wasserman schultz in the bernie sanders campaign. amy: and you bernie sanders choosing five people for the platform committee, among them well,l west, jim zogby as bill mckibben -- well-known for his stance on the environment and climate change, and keith ellison, the congressman from minneapolis ahead of the congressional progressive caucus. >> the way to fight is manifesting is over this platform committee that you're referencing. this is the committee that writes the official positions of the democratic party. symbolic in nature, but now shaping up to be kind of a big fight because both the bernie sanders campaign and the hillary clinton campaign's elected representatives for this committee, also dnc chair debbie wasserman schultz picked some of the representatives. we are seeing this come down to kind of the role of activists -- bernie sanders picked a representative, largely from the activist community -- while the dnc and the clinton campaign selected several individuals from the lobbying community to serve on this official platform committee, creating the official positions of the democratic party. bernie sanders campaign has said they want to push the burning message into -- bernie message into the policy platform, including reducing the role of money in politics will stop at least a very kind of symbolic gesture there. amy: quickly, you also resell he cowrote a piece about hillary clinton and fracking based on state department e-mails obtained by the intercept. the e-mails showing how the state department worked closely with oil and gas companies and worked with other nations to secure investments for fracking projects. was this while hillary clinton was secretary of state? >> we concted a foia. i worked with another reporter named steve foreign and we received dozens of e-mails showing a new layer of how aggressive this initiative was that hillary clinton notfrackine e-mails, her aides discussed using: as a laboratory to show that fracking could be successful in europe and to take that model and spread fracking all across both eastern and western europe were we're seeing a lot of opposition to fracking. the e-mails show a very close bond with industry that hillary clinton's aides worked closely with large fossil fuel companies to pressure foreign governments around the world to adopt american-style fracking. amy: i want to thank you, lee fang, we will link your pieces. we turn now to our last segment. we go to santa fe, new mexico, where former president bill clinton found himself in an unlikely 30 minute debate with a 24-year-old bernie sanders supporter. bill clinton was campaigning for hillary clinton when he stopped at a santa fe restaurant last week. there he met josh brody, who questioned clinton about his presidential record on issues including welfare reform, wall street, and government spending. to find out what happened, we are joined by josh brody come a graduate of the new school in new york, who questioned bill clinton in santa fe. what did you ask and reset aside with client -- president clinton's responses? thank you so much for having me. no, i was not satisfied with the responses. what i asked about was aid to families with dependent children, the commodities future modernization act. amy: can i ask you, let me ask you -- can i ask how you ended up being in the restaurant with president clinton? sure, i'm just home visiting my parents for the week and this is a restaurant five minutes from my house. he made an unannounced campaign stop and i did not notice him in the restaurant until maybe 30 seconds before he approached my table. amy: continue with the issues you raised and his responses. one of the reasons i was not satisfied with his answers is because he routed a lot of them and economic data. he would talk about how the african-american unemployment rate reached the lowest point under his administration and now household wages peaked in 1999. there are two problems with that. first, both of the statistics are misleading. wages become part because people were working more hours. in fact, the average median hourly wage has basically been flat since the 1970's. in terms of another often cited statistic that both he and hillary clinton have used on the campaign trail is that african-american unemployment was at record lows. thats others have shown, is because african-americans were being arrested in record high numbers. if you look at the unemployment rate, including the prison population, it wasn't all that low. the other thing i found shocking, if i may, when i asked about originally was aid to family with to financial and, are welfare legislation at the federal level. that he basically gutted. i asked him about it and i should not have been so surprised because the bill was called the personal responsibility and work opportunity act. personal responsibility being the operative phase -- phrase. he gave the argument similar you will hear from ronald reagan when he discussed the medical welfare to call right when he talks about inner cities. -- paul ryan when he talks about inner cities. his essential argument, and i was surprised to hear this, i would have thought he would have changed the rhetoric over the last 20 years, but his essential argument is poor people are lazy them welfare,e they will be dependent on the government. that he was told his by people on welfare, therefore, it needed to be cut and turn into block grants for the state. there used to be 68 out of every person below the poverty line on welfare, now i-26 out of 100. i respond to maybe the reason people don't have jobs isn't because they're lazy, but because there simply are not jobs and his administration had moved away from the notions of the government interfering in the economy to improve the lives of the people such as the federal jobs programs that came under fdr. no clinton essentially ripped the heart out of the democratic party and abandon the notion that the government can make the lives of its people better and should invest in a robust social safety net. that is how the discussion started. it went many other places. amy: josh brody, as we wrap up, you are talking to president clinton about his policies. how do you feel about hillary clinton? mean, she in many ways is responsible. i think it is hypocritical for people to say it was his administration and not hers given that she was over the transformative role of the first lady worse was more involved than any other first lady, so i do not deny her agency. i think she is culpable for all of the policies we discussed, whether it is shaking the government, getting rid of welfare, allowing more power,tions to have more the do regulation of wall street -- which, by the way, deregulated derivatives occur just a few months before her senate campaign. she received a lot of wall street donations. i object to her record in the senate where she again would deregulate wall street and was actually more hawkish in her votes in terms of foreign policy and the clinton administration -- although, i would disagree with his foreign-policy as well. overall, i have very disappointed. and i plan to vote for jill stein because i believe new mexico will win by double digits, however, if the rays does seem close, unfortunately, i will have to vote for her, which is not something i am happy about. amy: josh brody, thank you for being with us. it sounds like an interesting half-hour you had when you were to have a meal at a restaurant in santa fe. in santa fe. happy birthday (music playing) ♪ next, chef keller takes us to mandalay bay in las vegas for an unforgettable chocolate tour with renowned pastry chef christophe feyt. after the tour, chef feyt visits hubert's kitchen for a chocolate baking lesson. first he reveals the secrets for the perfect lava cake with a rich, dark chocolate outside and a creamy filling inside. then he demos an easy recipe for chocolate bars with an array of imaginative and delicious toppings. starting now on secrets of a chef. ♪