s.a.t. itself. >> shannon: do you think standardized tests are a problem? there are thousand, probably millions of applicants a year. how should schools have a way to weed through the process without being able to talk with every single student. where does the structure come in to make their jobs possible? >> that's a great question. the truth is, we have a pretty straight forward approach for it. look, what most people don't realize is that the s.a.t. is putting all kids on a fail curve. it is forcing half our kids to fail no matter how well they actually do. the alternative is straight forward, right? we use performance assessments in the same way that we do in medical licensing, in law like the bar exam, where if all kids thrive and get a perfect score, that's what they get. if nobody passes, nobody does. and, you know, if we shift to that, away from this nonsense bell curve view of talent, i think what we're going to see is